含直流馈入输电网中类调相机优化配置研究
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摘要
含直流馈入的输电网存在直流落点周边电网电压难以控制,无功分布不平衡,以及负荷低谷期间电压偏高的问题。提出了类调相机的概念,通过降低发电机的有功输出来提高机组的无功输出范围和电压控制能力。首先分析了类调相机的输出能力,并在直流系统和简化交流潮流模型的基础上建立了以经济效益最大化为目标的类调相机优化配置模型。考虑多场景下的优化状态,实现了类调相机的优化配置。对IEEE 39节点和118节点系统中的仿真结果表明了所提类调相机优化配置方法的可行性和有效性。
For the power network with infeed HVDC system, problems occur around the receiving point of HVDC that the voltage magnitudes are difficult to control, the reactive power is hard to balance, and serious high voltage limit violations may arise during light-load periods. A concept of quasi synchronous condenser(QSC) is proposed in this paper to reduce the active power output and increase the range of reactive power output and voltage control capability. The QSC and infeed HVDC systems in the power network are modeled and an optimization model for QSC planning is built based on formulation of simplified AC power flow. The optimization model runs under different operational scenarios to consider different operational states of QSCs. Simulation results on modified IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus test system demonstrate applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
For the power network with infeed HVDC system, problems occur around the receiving point of HVDC that the voltage magnitudes are difficult to control, the reactive power is hard to balance, and serious high voltage limit violations may arise during light-load periods. A concept of quasi synchronous condenser(QSC) is proposed in this paper to reduce the active power output and increase the range of reactive power output and voltage control capability. The QSC and infeed HVDC systems in the power network are modeled and an optimization model for QSC planning is built based on formulation of simplified AC power flow. The optimization model runs under different operational scenarios to consider different operational states of QSCs. Simulation results on modified IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus test system demonstrate applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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[29]Yang Z,Zhong H,Xia Q,et al.Optimal power flow based on successive linear approximation of power flow equations[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3654-3662.
[30]郑超.直流逆变站电压稳定测度指标及紧急控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):344-352.Zheng Chao.Voltage stability index of HVDC inverter station and emergency control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):344-352(in Chinese).
[31]王峰,刘天琪,丁媛媛,等.直流闭锁引起的暂态过电压计算方法及其影响因素分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):3059-3065.Wang Feng,Liu Tianqi,Ding Yuanyuan,et al.Calculation method and influencing factors of transient overvoltage caused by HVDCblock[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3059-3065(in Chinese).
[32]Grigg C,Wong P,Albrecht P,et al.The IEEE reliability test system-1996,a report prepared by the reliability test system task force of the application of probability methods subcommittee[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1010-1020.
[2]张强,梁迪团,刘宁.±800 kV普洱换流站无功配置的研究分析[J].高压电器,2015,51(3):117-121.Zhang Qiang,Liang Dituan,Liu Ning.Reactive power compensation scheme and configuration for 800 kV Pu’er converter station[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(3):117-121(in Chinese).
[3]田昕,钟胜,王慧来,等.大型受端电网动态无功配置[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):12-17.Tian Xin,Zhong Sheng,Wang Huilai,et al.Dynamic VARconfiguration in a large receiving-end power grid[J].Electric Power,2014,47(6):12-17(in Chinese).
[4]王雅婷,张一驰,周勤勇,等.新一代大容量调相机在电网中的应用研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):22-28.Wang Yating,Zhang Yichi,Zhou Qinyong,et al.Study on application of new generation large capacity synchronous condenser in power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):22-28(in Chinese).
[5]张开宇,崔勇,庄侃沁,等.加装同步调相机对多直流馈入受端电网的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):139-143.Zhang Kaiyu,Cui Yong,Zhuang Kanqin,et al.Analysis of the influence of synchronous condensers on receiving-end grid with multi-infeed HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):139-143(in Chinese).
[6]韦延方,卫志农,张友强,等.发电机进相运行的研究现状及展望[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(9):146-154.Wei Yanfang,Wei Zhinong,Zhang Youqiang,et al.Progress and development trend on leading phase of generator[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(9):146-154(in Chinese).
[7]戴庆忠.同步调相机特性及应用[J].东方电气评论,2016,30(4):47-51.Dai Qingzhong.Extensive talk on synchronous condenser[J].Dongfang Electric Review,2016,30(4):47-51(in Chinese).
[8]Pourbeik P,Koessler R J,Quaintance W,et al.Performing comprehensive voltage stability studies for the determination of optimal location,size and type of reactive compensation[C]//Power Engineering Society General Meeting.Montreal,Canada:Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2006:1-6.
[9]姚小寅,孙元章,王志芳.电力系统无功源最佳配置地点的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(3):12-15.Yao Xiaoyin,Sun Yuanzhang,Wang Zhifang.Studies on the optimal allocation of reactive power sources[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1999,23(3):12-15(in Chinese).
[10]Farsangi M M,Nezamabadi-pour H,Song Y H,et al.Placement of SVCs and selection of stabilizing signals in power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2007,22(3):1061-1071.
[11]Sapkota B,Vittal V.Dynamic var planning in a large power system using trajectory sensitivities[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):461-469.
[12]黄弘扬,杨汾艳,徐政,等.基于改进轨迹灵敏度指标的动态无功优化配置方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(2):88-94.Huang Hongyang,Yang Fenyan,Xu Zheng,et al.A dynamic var configuration method based on improved trajectory sensitivity index[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(2):88-94(in Chinese).
[13]袁志昌,刘文华,宋强.基于暂态电压稳定指标的动态无功优化配置方法[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(14):17-21.Yuan Zhichang,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang.Optimal allocation method of dynamic var compensation based on transient voltage stability index[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(14):17-21(in Chinese).
[14]Lee K Y,Yang F F.Optimal reactive power planning using evolutionary algorithms:a comparative study for evolutionary programming,evolutionary strategy,genetic algorithm,and linear programming[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1998,13(1):101-108.
[15]Arefifar S A,Mohamed Y A R I.Probabilistic optimal reactive power planning in distribution systems with renewable resources in grid-connected and islanded modes[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(11):5830-5839.
[16]Roselyn J P,Devaraj D,Dash S S.Multi objective differential evolution approach for voltage stability constrained reactive power planning problem[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014(59):155-165.
[17]Hooshmand A,Hemmati R,Parastegari M.Combination of ACtransmission expansion planning and reactive power planning in the restructured power system[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2012(55):26-35.
[18]Mahmoudabadi A,Rashidinejad M.An application of hybrid heuristic method to solve concurrent transmission network expansion and reactive power planning[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,45(1):71-77.
[19]Xia R,Hu Z,Zhou Q.Optimal planning of dynamic VARcompensation based on transient voltage stability analysis[C]//POWERCON.Chengdu,China:POWERCON,2014:916-921.
[20]Paramasivam M,Salloum A.Dynamic optimization based reactive power planning to mitigate slow voltage recovery and short term voltage instability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):3865-3873.
[21]Liu H,Jin L,McCalley J D,et al.Planning reconfigurable reactive control for voltage stability limited power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):1029-1038.
[22]López J,Pozo D,Contreras J,et al.A convex chance-constrained model for reactive power planning[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015(71):403-411.
[23]Zhang H,Heydt G T,Vittal V,et al.An improved network model for transmission expansion planning considering reactive power and network losses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):3471-3479.
[24]Lof P A,Andersson G,Hill D J.Voltage dependent reactive power limits for voltage stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,10(1):220-228.
[25]严伟,陈俊,沈全荣.大型隐极发电机进相运行的探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(2):94-97.Yan Wei,Chen Jun,Shen Quanrong.Discussion on large non-salient pole generator phase advancement operation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(2):94-97(in Chinese).
[26]Nikoobakht A,Mardaneh M.Flexible power system operation accommodating uncertain wind power generation using transmission topology control:an improved linearised AC SCUC model[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(1):142-153.
[27]Fitiwi D Z,Olmos L,Rivier M,et al.Finding a representative network losses model for large-scale transmission expansion planning with renewable energy sources[J].Energy,2016(101):343-358.
[28]D’Ambrosio C,Lodi A.Piecewise linear approximation of functions of two variables in MILP models[J].Operations Research Letters,2010,38(1):39-46.
[29]Yang Z,Zhong H,Xia Q,et al.Optimal power flow based on successive linear approximation of power flow equations[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3654-3662.
[30]郑超.直流逆变站电压稳定测度指标及紧急控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):344-352.Zheng Chao.Voltage stability index of HVDC inverter station and emergency control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):344-352(in Chinese).
[31]王峰,刘天琪,丁媛媛,等.直流闭锁引起的暂态过电压计算方法及其影响因素分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):3059-3065.Wang Feng,Liu Tianqi,Ding Yuanyuan,et al.Calculation method and influencing factors of transient overvoltage caused by HVDCblock[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3059-3065(in Chinese).
[32]Grigg C,Wong P,Albrecht P,et al.The IEEE reliability test system-1996,a report prepared by the reliability test system task force of the application of probability methods subcommittee[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1010-1020.