利用一维变分同化方法从地基GPS相位延迟中获取大气折射率
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摘要
GPS信号相位延迟中包含很多大气信息,通过一定的方法可以从中获取有价值的大气参数。基于地基GPS相位延迟数据,提出了一种结合经验模式的一维变分同化获取大气折射率的方法。利用GPS相位延迟模拟数据进行同化试验,讨论了背景误差的设置对同化结果的影响,采用实测个例对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该一维变分同化方法可行,并可获取高精度的0～60 km大气折射率。低层大气背景误差设置的准确程度会对整个高度范围内的同化效果产生影响。首次将同化获取的大气折射率应用于无线电波折射修正,取得了很好的修正效果,修正精度可达1 mm量级。
GPS phase delay contains a lot of information that can be used to obtain atmospheric parameters with certain methods. Based on ground-based GPS phase delay,a one-dimensional variational( 1DVAR) assimilation algorithm combined with an empirical model is proposed to obtain the atmospheric refractive index.The assimilation experiment is carried out by using simulated GPS phase delay data,and also verified with actual measured data. The influence of the background error settings on the result of assimilation is discussed.The experimental result shows that the 1DVAR assimilation algorithm can get high-precision atmospheric refractive index in 0-60 km height. The background error settings of the lower layers can affect the assimilation result in the whole height range. The atmospheric refractive index obtained from the assimilation experiment is used to correct the radio wave refraction,and the result is very good,which can reach 1 mm scale correction accuracy.
GPS phase delay contains a lot of information that can be used to obtain atmospheric parameters with certain methods. Based on ground-based GPS phase delay,a one-dimensional variational( 1DVAR) assimilation algorithm combined with an empirical model is proposed to obtain the atmospheric refractive index.The assimilation experiment is carried out by using simulated GPS phase delay data,and also verified with actual measured data. The influence of the background error settings on the result of assimilation is discussed.The experimental result shows that the 1DVAR assimilation algorithm can get high-precision atmospheric refractive index in 0-60 km height. The background error settings of the lower layers can affect the assimilation result in the whole height range. The atmospheric refractive index obtained from the assimilation experiment is used to correct the radio wave refraction,and the result is very good,which can reach 1 mm scale correction accuracy.
引文
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[12]Wu Xiaocheng,Hu Xiong,Gong Xiaoyan.Comparison of Refractivity Obtained with Mountain-Based GPS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1 149-1 155(吴小成,胡雄,宫晓艳.山基GPS掩星折射率与探空折射率比较[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1 149-1 155)
[13]Gong Xiaoyan,Hu Xiong,Wu Xiaocheng,et al.Mountain-Based GPS Occultation Observation Experiment at Mt Wuling[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2008,19(2):180-187(宫晓艳,胡雄,吴小成,等.雾灵山GPS掩星观测实验分析[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(2):180-187)
[2]Bi Yanmeng,Mao Jietai,Liu Xiaoyang,et al.Remote Sensing of the Amount of Water Vapor Along the Slant Path Using the Ground-Based GPS[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):335-342(毕研盟,毛节泰,刘晓阳,等.应用地基GPS遥感倾斜路径方向大气水汽总量[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):335-342)
[3]Choy S,Dawson J,Jia M,et al.Ground-Based GPSDerived Precipitable Water Vapour Estimates for Climate Application in Australia[C].EGU General Assembly Conference,Vienna,Austria,2013
[4]Lowry A R,Rocken C,Sokolovskiy S V,et al.Vertical Profiling of Atmospheric Refractivity from GroundBased GPS[J].Radio Science,2002,37(3):1-19
[5]Wu Yiyi,Hong Zhenjie,Guo Peng,et al.Simulation of Atmospheric Refractive Profile Retrieving from LowElevation Ground-Based GPS Observation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1 085-1 090(伍亦亦,洪振杰,郭鹏,等.地基GPS低高度角观测反演大气折射率廓线的模拟仿真[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1 085-1 090)
[6]Cao Yunchang,Hu Xiong,Fu Yang,et al.Soun-ding Atmospheric Profiles by Mountain-Based and GroundBased GPS[J].High Technology Letters,2008,18(8):857-862(曹云昌,胡雄,符养,等.山基和地基GPS联合探测大气折射率廓线的试验研究[J].高技术通讯,2008,18(8):857-862)
[7]Wu X,Wang X,Lü D.Retrieval of Vertical Distribution of Tropospheric Refractivity Through Ground-Based GPS Observation[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2014,31(1):37-47
[8]Zuffada C,Hajj G A,Kursinski E R.A Novel Approach to Atmospheric Profiling with a Mountain-Based or Airborne GPS Receiver[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(D20):24 435-24447
[9]Hu Xiong,Zhang Xunxie,Wu Xiaocheng,et al.Mountain-Based GPS Observations of Occultation and Its Inversion Theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(1):22-27(胡雄,张训械,吴小成,等.山基GPS掩星观测实验及其反演原理[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):22-27)
[10]Gong Jiandong,Zhao Gang.Accurate Estimation and Application of 3-D Error Covariance Structures in Global Data Assimilation PartⅡ:Background Error Covariance Structure Adjustments and Numerical Experiments[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2006,64(6):684-698(龚建东,赵刚.全球资料同化中误差协方差三维结构的准确估计与应用Ⅱ:背景误差协方差调整与数值试验分析[J].气象学报,2006,64(6):684-698)
[11]Huang Jie.Correction for Atmospheric Refractive Error of Radio Wave[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1999(黄捷.电波大气折射误差修正[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999)
[12]Wu Xiaocheng,Hu Xiong,Gong Xiaoyan.Comparison of Refractivity Obtained with Mountain-Based GPS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1 149-1 155(吴小成,胡雄,宫晓艳.山基GPS掩星折射率与探空折射率比较[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1 149-1 155)
[13]Gong Xiaoyan,Hu Xiong,Wu Xiaocheng,et al.Mountain-Based GPS Occultation Observation Experiment at Mt Wuling[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2008,19(2):180-187(宫晓艳,胡雄,吴小成,等.雾灵山GPS掩星观测实验分析[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(2):180-187)