果蔬保鲜用相变蓄冷剂的研制及性能研究
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摘要
针对适用于果蔬保鲜的蓄冷剂种类少、相变潜热小于300J/g及过冷现象等问题,对相变蓄冷剂的性能进行了研究。首先,利用差示扫描量热法,选择含合适温度调节剂的溶液,获得具有-6～-4℃相变温度且相变潜热较高的主储能剂;随后,通过添加不同种类的成核剂,抑制主储能剂的过冷问题;最后,对较佳配方的蓄冷剂进行了性能研究,首次得到了以苯甲酸钠为主的温度调节剂与水溶液组成的2种主储能剂BL-1和BL-2。研究表明,通过添加硅藻土成核剂,可得到相变温度在-6～-4℃、相变潜热均在300J/g以上且无过冷现象的2种低成本蓄冷剂,适用于冷藏温度在0～4℃的果蔬及其他温度敏感性产品的温控包装。所研制的相变蓄冷剂符合食品安全和绿色环保要求,可以有效地满足人们对果蔬及其他温度敏感性产品的蓄冷需求。
In order to solve the problems that there are few kinds of cold storage agents suitable for fruit and vegetable preservation,the latent heat of phase change is less than 300 J/g,and there exists the phenomenon of supercooling,the performance of phase change cold storage agents is studied.Firstly,by using the DSC,the aqueous solution formed by proper phase change temperature regulator is selected to get the main energy storage agents with phase transition temperature of-6～-4℃and a higher phase change latent heat.Secondly,through adding different kinds of nucleating agents,the supercooling phenomenon of the main energy storage agents is suppressed.At last,the performance of the better formula of cool storage agent is studied,and two main energy storage agents consisting of temperature regulator with sodium benzoate as main component and aqueous solution,BL-1 and BL-2,are obtained for the first time.The study shows that by adding nucleating agent diatomite,two lowcost cool storage agents with phase-transition temperature of-6～-4℃as well as phase change latent heat above 300 J/g and no supercooling phenomenon can be obtained,which are suitable for temperature controlled packaging o fruits,vegetables and other temperature sensitive products whose cold storage temperature is at 0～4 ℃.The developed phase change cold storage agent meets the requirements of food safety and environmental protection,and provides guarantee for the cold storage requirements of related products.
In order to solve the problems that there are few kinds of cold storage agents suitable for fruit and vegetable preservation,the latent heat of phase change is less than 300 J/g,and there exists the phenomenon of supercooling,the performance of phase change cold storage agents is studied.Firstly,by using the DSC,the aqueous solution formed by proper phase change temperature regulator is selected to get the main energy storage agents with phase transition temperature of-6～-4℃and a higher phase change latent heat.Secondly,through adding different kinds of nucleating agents,the supercooling phenomenon of the main energy storage agents is suppressed.At last,the performance of the better formula of cool storage agent is studied,and two main energy storage agents consisting of temperature regulator with sodium benzoate as main component and aqueous solution,BL-1 and BL-2,are obtained for the first time.The study shows that by adding nucleating agent diatomite,two lowcost cool storage agents with phase-transition temperature of-6～-4℃as well as phase change latent heat above 300 J/g and no supercooling phenomenon can be obtained,which are suitable for temperature controlled packaging o fruits,vegetables and other temperature sensitive products whose cold storage temperature is at 0～4 ℃.The developed phase change cold storage agent meets the requirements of food safety and environmental protection,and provides guarantee for the cold storage requirements of related products.
引文
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[20]戚晓丽,朱冰清,牟望,等.用于冷链运输的复合相变蓄冷剂主储能剂研制[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(10):86-90.QI Xiaoli,ZHU Bingqing,MOU Wang,et al.Development of main storage agent of composite phase change coolant for cold chain transportation[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2015,15(10):86-90.
[2] RATHOD M K,BANERJEE J.Thermal stability of phase change materials used in latent energy storage systems:A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,18:246-258.
[3] SARIER N,ONDER E.Organic phase change materials and their textile applications:An overview[J].Thermochimica Acta,2012,540:57-60.
[4]黄雪莲,于新,马永全.蓄冷技术在果蔬保鲜中的研究与应用[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2010,23(2):67-71.HUANG Xuelian,YU Xin,MA Yongquan.Study and application of cool storage technology in fruits and vegetables preservation[J].Journal of Zhongkai Agrotechnical College,2010,23(2):67-71.
[5]王文铭,刘晓亮.我国冷链物流能耗现状及对策研究[J].中国流通经济,2011,25(10):29-33.WANG Wenming,LIU Xiaoliang.China cold-chain logistics energy consumption status and the countermeasures[J].China Business and Market,2011,25(10):29-33.
[6]戚晓丽.复合相变蓄冷剂开发及在果蔬保鲜上的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.QI Xiaoli.Development of Phase-changing Coolant and Its Application on Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.
[7]张芸.一种可降解凝胶蓄冷剂的研制[D].无锡:江南大学,2013.ZHANG Yun.The Preparation of Degradable Gelatinous Refrigerant[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University,2013.
[8]李婷,潘欣,应铁进.食品相变蓄冷剂的配方优化及应用[J].中国食品学报,2011,11(4):116-117.LI Ting,PAN Xin,YING Tiejin.Optimization and application of formula for CTESM as temperature regulor in food storage[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2011,11(4):116-117.
[9]汤石生,刘军,龚丽,等.果蔬保鲜贮藏技术研究进展[J].现代农业装备,2018(4):67-73.TANG Shisheng,LIU Jun,GONG Li,et al.Research progress on preservation of fruit and vegetable[J].Modern Agricultural Equipment,2018(4):67-73.
[10]梁祖昌.KN-CA果蔬保鲜技术简介[J].深冷技术,1994(3):50.
[11]GUBELJAK N,TUMA J V,UTARIC B,et al.Assessment of the load-bearing capacity of a primary pipeline[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2006,7:995-1005.
[12]应铁进,朱冰清,戚晓丽,等.用于农产品保鲜的有机物水溶液相变蓄冷剂[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):208-212.YING Tiejin,ZHU Bingqing,QI Xiaoli,et al.Development of organics solution phase change materials for preservation of agricultural products[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):208-212.
[13]陈少磊,田玉琢.相变材料的发展及应用[J].上海节能,2018(7):519-522.CHEN Shaolei,TIAN Yuzhuo.Development and application of phase change material[J].Shanghai Energy Conservation,2018(7):519-522.
[14]LAKEHAL D,LABOIS M.A new modelling strategy for phase-change heat transfer in turbulent interfacial two-phase flow[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2011,8:627-639.
[15]LI Lu,HANG Yu,LIU Rui.Research on composite-phase change materials(PCMs)-bricks in the west wall of room-scale cubicle:Midseason and summer day cases[J].Building and Environment,2017,7:494-503.
[16]李明罡,樊东蕾,邱健,等.利用水的相变热调控聚丙烯发泡材料的泡孔结构[J].高分子学报,2017(12):1851-1855.LI Minggang,FAN Donglei,QIU Jian,et al.Controlling cellular structure of polypropylene foams through heat of phase transition of water[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2017(12):1851-1855.
[17]李靖,谢如鹤,刘广海,等.冷藏运输用新型低温相变材料及装备的研制[J].制冷学报,2018,39(4):32-37.LI Jing,XIE Ruhe,LIU Guanghai,et al.Development of new low-temperature phase change material and equipment used in refrigerated transpor[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(4):32-37.
[18]EYERER S,EYERER P,EICHELDINGER M,et al.Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of material compatibility between refrigerants and polymers[J].Energy,2015,10:86-90.
[19]傅一波,王家俊,王冬梅.复合相变蓄冷剂性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(10):235-237.FU Yibo,WANG Jiajun,WANG Dongmei.Study on the performance of composite phase change coolant[J].New Chemical Materials,2017,45(10):235-237.
[20]戚晓丽,朱冰清,牟望,等.用于冷链运输的复合相变蓄冷剂主储能剂研制[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(10):86-90.QI Xiaoli,ZHU Bingqing,MOU Wang,et al.Development of main storage agent of composite phase change coolant for cold chain transportation[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2015,15(10):86-90.