环境规制与政府创新补贴对企业绿色产品创新的影响
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摘要
本文选取企业绿色技术创新中的绿色产品创新为研究对象,利用面板门槛模型,实证检验了环境规制与政府创新补贴对企业绿色产品创新的影响。结果显示,环境规制和政府创新补贴对企业绿色产品创新存在非线性影响。政府创新补贴对企业绿色产品创新的影响主要表现为挤出效应,而环境规制在适度区间内对企业绿色产品创新产生显著的正向促进效应,且这种效应不会因为加入政府创新补贴而发生改变。因此,应在适度的环境规制区间内,优化政府补贴的方式,多采用其他方式对企业绿色产品创新给予支持而非提供直接性资金补贴,从而加快企业绿色产品创新的步伐。
This paper selects one of the enterprise green technology innovations—green product innovation as the research object,and uses the panel threshold model to empirically test the interaction between environmental regulation,government innovation subsidies and enterprise green product innovation in 29 provinces from 2009 to 2016.It is shown that environmental regulation and government innovation subsidies have a non-linear impact on enterprise green product innovation.The impact of government innovation subsidies on enterprise green product innovation is mainly reflected in the extrusion effect,while environmental regulation has a significant positive effect on enterprise green product innovation in a moderate range,and this effect will not change with the government innovation subsidy.Therefore,within the appropriate environmental regulation,the government subsidy should also be optimized,and other methods should be used to support the enterprise green product innovation rather than the direct fund subsidy,to accelerate the pace of enterprise green product innovation.
This paper selects one of the enterprise green technology innovations—green product innovation as the research object,and uses the panel threshold model to empirically test the interaction between environmental regulation,government innovation subsidies and enterprise green product innovation in 29 provinces from 2009 to 2016.It is shown that environmental regulation and government innovation subsidies have a non-linear impact on enterprise green product innovation.The impact of government innovation subsidies on enterprise green product innovation is mainly reflected in the extrusion effect,while environmental regulation has a significant positive effect on enterprise green product innovation in a moderate range,and this effect will not change with the government innovation subsidy.Therefore,within the appropriate environmental regulation,the government subsidy should also be optimized,and other methods should be used to support the enterprise green product innovation rather than the direct fund subsidy,to accelerate the pace of enterprise green product innovation.
引文
[1]ACEMOGLU D,AGHION P,BURSZTYN L,et al.The environment and directed technical change[J].American Economic Review,2012,102(1):131-166.
[2]MAGAT W A.Pollution control and technological advance:a dynamics model of the firm[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1978,5(1):1-25.
[3]CHRISTAINSEN G B,HAVEMAN R H.The contribution of environmental regulation to the slowdown in productivity growth[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1981,8(4):381-390.
[4]PORTER M E.America’s green strategy[J].Scientific American,1991,264(4):168.
[5]尤济红,王鹏.环境规制能否促进R&D偏向于绿色技术研发?——基于中国工业部门的实证研究[J].经济评论,2016(3):26-38.
[6]吴超,杨树旺,唐鹏程,等.中国重污染行业绿色创新效率提升模式构建[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(5):40-48.
[7]彭星,李斌.不同类型环境规制下中国工业绿色转型问题研究[J].财经研究,2016(7):134-144.
[8]李玲.环境规制程度与企业绿色技术创新绩效——基于结构方程模型的实证研究[J].经济论坛,2017(4):97-102.
[9]李阳,党兴华,韩先锋,等.环境规制对技术创新长短期影响的异质性效应——基于价值链视角的两阶段分析[J].科学学研究,2014(6):937-949.
[10]张倩.环境规制对绿色技术创新影响的实证研究——基于政策差异化视角的省级面板数据分析[J].工业技术经济,2015(7):10-18.
[11]王锋正,郭晓川.环境规制强度对资源型产业绿色技术创新的影响——基于2003—2011年面板数据的实证检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(S1):143-146.
[12]罗艳,陈平.环境规制对中国工业绿色创新效率改善的门槛效应研究[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):147-154.
[13]赵息,马杰.环境规制与绿色创新的关系研究——基于金融发展与人力资本调节效应的实证分析[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),2018(2):63-72,90.
[14]许士春,何正霞,龙如银.环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响[J].科研管理,2012(6):67-74.
[15]景维民,张璐.环境管制、对外开放与中国工业的绿色技术进步[J].经济研究,2014(9):34-47.
[16]刘章生,宋德勇,刘桂海.环境规制对制造业绿色技术创新能力的门槛效应[J].商业研究,2018(4):111-119.
[17]张江雪,蔡宁,毛建素,等.自主创新、技术引进与中国工业绿色增长——基于行业异质性的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2015(2):185-194,271.
[18]王镝,李灿.环境规制的技术进步效应与环境质量——基于中国省际面板数据(2000—2016)的实证分析[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-79.
[19]蒋伏心,王竹君,白俊红.环境规制对技术创新影响的双重效应——基于江苏制造业动态面板数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):44-55.
[20]曹霞,于娟.绿色低碳视角下中国区域创新效率研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(5):10-19.
[21]HAMBERG D.R&D:essays on the economics of research and development[M].New York:Random House,1966.
[22]SPENCE M.Cost reduction,competition and industry performance[J].Econometrica,1984,52(1):101-122.
[23]BERUBE C,MOHNEN P.Are firms that receive R&D subsidies more innovative[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,2009,42(1):206-225.
[24]解维敏,唐清泉,陆珊珊.政府R&D资助,企业R&D支出与自主创新——来自中国上市公司的经验证据[J].金融研究,2009(6):86-99.
[25]黄贤凤,武博,王建华.政府研发资助、合作研发与企业创新绩效关系研究[J].软科学,2014(1):15-19.
[26]陈玲,杨文辉.政府研发补贴会促进企业创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2016(3):433-442.
[27]GOOLSBEE A.Does government R&D policy mainly benefit scientists and engineers[J].The American Economic Review,1998,88(2):298-302.
[28]BUSOM I.An empirical evaluation of the effects of R&D subsidies[J].Economics of Innovation and New technology,2000,9(2):111-148.
[29]WALLSTEN S J.The effects of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D:the case of the small business innovation research program[J].The RAND Journal of Economics,2000,31(1):82-100.
[30]KAISER U.Private R&D and Public R&D subsidies:microeconometric evidence for Denmark[J].National ?konomisk Tidskrift,2006,144(1):1-7.
[31]程华.政府科技投入与企业 R&D——实证研究与政策选择[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[32]肖丁丁,朱桂龙,王静.政府科技投入对企业R&D支出影响的再审视——基于分位数回归的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2013(3):25-32.
[33]何小钢.绿色技术创新的最优规制结构研究——基于研发支持与环境规制的双重互动效应[J].经济管理,2014(11):144-153.
[34]袁丽静,郑晓凡.环境规制、政府补贴对企业技术创新的耦合影响[J].资源科学,2017(5):911-923.
[35]韩先锋,惠宁,宋文飞.政府R&D资助的非线性创新溢出效应——基于环境规制新视角的再考察[J].产业经济研究,2018(3):40-52.
[36]OECD.The measurement of scientific and technical activities[M].3rd ed.Paris:OECD Publishing,2005.
[37]王淑英,李博博,张水娟.基于空间计量的环境规制、空间溢出与绿色创新研究[J].地域研究与开发,2018(2):138-144.
[38]ARROW K J.The economic implications of learning by doing[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1962,29(3):155-173.
[39]ROMER P M.Endogenous technological change[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):S71-S102.
[40]GUELLEC D,VAN POTTELSBERGHE B.The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D[J].Economics of Innovation New Technology,2003,12(3):225-243.
[41]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing,and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[42]ZUGRAVU-SOILITA N,KHEDER S B.The pollution haven hypothesis:a geographic economy model in a comparative study[Z].Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers No.73,2008.
[43]贾军,张伟.绿色技术创新中路径依赖及环境规制影响分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014(5):44-52.
[44]刘斌斌,黄吉焱.FDI进入方式对地区绿色技术创新效率影响研究——基于环境规制强度差异视角[J].当代财经,2017(4):89-98.
[45]谭德庆,商丽娜.制造业升级视角下环境规制对区域绿色创新能力的影响研究[J].学术论坛,2018(2):86-92.
[46]谢荣辉.环境规制、引致创新与中国工业绿色生产率提升[J].产业经济研究,2017(2):38-48.
[2]MAGAT W A.Pollution control and technological advance:a dynamics model of the firm[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1978,5(1):1-25.
[3]CHRISTAINSEN G B,HAVEMAN R H.The contribution of environmental regulation to the slowdown in productivity growth[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1981,8(4):381-390.
[4]PORTER M E.America’s green strategy[J].Scientific American,1991,264(4):168.
[5]尤济红,王鹏.环境规制能否促进R&D偏向于绿色技术研发?——基于中国工业部门的实证研究[J].经济评论,2016(3):26-38.
[6]吴超,杨树旺,唐鹏程,等.中国重污染行业绿色创新效率提升模式构建[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(5):40-48.
[7]彭星,李斌.不同类型环境规制下中国工业绿色转型问题研究[J].财经研究,2016(7):134-144.
[8]李玲.环境规制程度与企业绿色技术创新绩效——基于结构方程模型的实证研究[J].经济论坛,2017(4):97-102.
[9]李阳,党兴华,韩先锋,等.环境规制对技术创新长短期影响的异质性效应——基于价值链视角的两阶段分析[J].科学学研究,2014(6):937-949.
[10]张倩.环境规制对绿色技术创新影响的实证研究——基于政策差异化视角的省级面板数据分析[J].工业技术经济,2015(7):10-18.
[11]王锋正,郭晓川.环境规制强度对资源型产业绿色技术创新的影响——基于2003—2011年面板数据的实证检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(S1):143-146.
[12]罗艳,陈平.环境规制对中国工业绿色创新效率改善的门槛效应研究[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):147-154.
[13]赵息,马杰.环境规制与绿色创新的关系研究——基于金融发展与人力资本调节效应的实证分析[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),2018(2):63-72,90.
[14]许士春,何正霞,龙如银.环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响[J].科研管理,2012(6):67-74.
[15]景维民,张璐.环境管制、对外开放与中国工业的绿色技术进步[J].经济研究,2014(9):34-47.
[16]刘章生,宋德勇,刘桂海.环境规制对制造业绿色技术创新能力的门槛效应[J].商业研究,2018(4):111-119.
[17]张江雪,蔡宁,毛建素,等.自主创新、技术引进与中国工业绿色增长——基于行业异质性的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2015(2):185-194,271.
[18]王镝,李灿.环境规制的技术进步效应与环境质量——基于中国省际面板数据(2000—2016)的实证分析[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-79.
[19]蒋伏心,王竹君,白俊红.环境规制对技术创新影响的双重效应——基于江苏制造业动态面板数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):44-55.
[20]曹霞,于娟.绿色低碳视角下中国区域创新效率研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(5):10-19.
[21]HAMBERG D.R&D:essays on the economics of research and development[M].New York:Random House,1966.
[22]SPENCE M.Cost reduction,competition and industry performance[J].Econometrica,1984,52(1):101-122.
[23]BERUBE C,MOHNEN P.Are firms that receive R&D subsidies more innovative[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,2009,42(1):206-225.
[24]解维敏,唐清泉,陆珊珊.政府R&D资助,企业R&D支出与自主创新——来自中国上市公司的经验证据[J].金融研究,2009(6):86-99.
[25]黄贤凤,武博,王建华.政府研发资助、合作研发与企业创新绩效关系研究[J].软科学,2014(1):15-19.
[26]陈玲,杨文辉.政府研发补贴会促进企业创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2016(3):433-442.
[27]GOOLSBEE A.Does government R&D policy mainly benefit scientists and engineers[J].The American Economic Review,1998,88(2):298-302.
[28]BUSOM I.An empirical evaluation of the effects of R&D subsidies[J].Economics of Innovation and New technology,2000,9(2):111-148.
[29]WALLSTEN S J.The effects of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D:the case of the small business innovation research program[J].The RAND Journal of Economics,2000,31(1):82-100.
[30]KAISER U.Private R&D and Public R&D subsidies:microeconometric evidence for Denmark[J].National ?konomisk Tidskrift,2006,144(1):1-7.
[31]程华.政府科技投入与企业 R&D——实证研究与政策选择[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[32]肖丁丁,朱桂龙,王静.政府科技投入对企业R&D支出影响的再审视——基于分位数回归的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2013(3):25-32.
[33]何小钢.绿色技术创新的最优规制结构研究——基于研发支持与环境规制的双重互动效应[J].经济管理,2014(11):144-153.
[34]袁丽静,郑晓凡.环境规制、政府补贴对企业技术创新的耦合影响[J].资源科学,2017(5):911-923.
[35]韩先锋,惠宁,宋文飞.政府R&D资助的非线性创新溢出效应——基于环境规制新视角的再考察[J].产业经济研究,2018(3):40-52.
[36]OECD.The measurement of scientific and technical activities[M].3rd ed.Paris:OECD Publishing,2005.
[37]王淑英,李博博,张水娟.基于空间计量的环境规制、空间溢出与绿色创新研究[J].地域研究与开发,2018(2):138-144.
[38]ARROW K J.The economic implications of learning by doing[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1962,29(3):155-173.
[39]ROMER P M.Endogenous technological change[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):S71-S102.
[40]GUELLEC D,VAN POTTELSBERGHE B.The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D[J].Economics of Innovation New Technology,2003,12(3):225-243.
[41]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing,and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[42]ZUGRAVU-SOILITA N,KHEDER S B.The pollution haven hypothesis:a geographic economy model in a comparative study[Z].Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers No.73,2008.
[43]贾军,张伟.绿色技术创新中路径依赖及环境规制影响分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014(5):44-52.
[44]刘斌斌,黄吉焱.FDI进入方式对地区绿色技术创新效率影响研究——基于环境规制强度差异视角[J].当代财经,2017(4):89-98.
[45]谭德庆,商丽娜.制造业升级视角下环境规制对区域绿色创新能力的影响研究[J].学术论坛,2018(2):86-92.
[46]谢荣辉.环境规制、引致创新与中国工业绿色生产率提升[J].产业经济研究,2017(2):38-48.