不同玉米芯含量对培养料中酶活和木耳产量及其子实体中氨基酸含量的影响
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摘要
探讨玉米芯含量不同对木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)培养料中木质素酶和纤维素酶以及子实体产量和氨基酸含量的影响,设置培养料中玉米芯含量分别为10%、30%、50%和70%,在菌丝生长满袋后(菌丝期)和子实体期(第4潮耳出菇期)分别从菌袋的上中下3个部位取培养料混合,测定酶活及木质素和纤维素含量;采收子实体统计4潮菇的产量并测定子实体中氨基酸含量。结果表明:当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时,菌丝生长速度最快。在菌丝期,当培养料中玉米芯含量为70%时木质素过氧化物酶活性最高,当玉米芯含量为50%时锰过氧化物酶活性最高,漆酶活性随玉米芯含量的增加而降低;羧甲基纤维素酶在4个配方中活性均较高,其中当玉米芯含量为30%时酶活性最高;随玉米芯含量的增加,N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性升高,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,当玉米芯含量为50%时酶活性达到最高。在子实体期,除木质素过氧化物酶和漆酶外,其余几种酶随玉米芯含量的增加,活性的变化规律均与菌丝期不同。在菌丝期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素含量逐渐减少,纤维素含量逐渐增加;在子实体期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素和纤维素含量均先减少后增加,当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时含量最低。当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时子实体每袋总单产和总产量均最高;当玉米芯含量为30%时,子实体中氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高,其中包括人体必需的8种氨基酸。因此培养料中添加玉米芯可以提高与木质素、纤维素降解相关的酶活性,但是不同的酶在不同含量玉米芯的培养料中分泌规律存在差异。
Effects of different concentrations of corncob on substrate ligninase and cellulase activities,fruiting body yield and amino acid contents of Auricularia auricula-judae were investigated.The corncob content in the substrate was 10%,30%,50% and 70% respectively.After the mycelia grew full of bags(mycelium stage)and fruiting body stage(4~(th) flush),the substrates were sampled from the upper,middle and lower regions of the bags to determine enzyme activities,lignin content and cellulose content.The 4~(th) flush of fruiting bodies were collected for amino acid analysis.It was found that the mycelium growth rate was the fastest when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%.In the mycelium stage,the lignin peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content in the substrate was 70%,the manganese peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content was 50%,and the laccase activity decreased with the increase of the corncob content.Carboxymethyl cellulase activity was high in all the 4 treatments,especially when the content of corncob was 30%.The activity of N-acetyl-β-glucosidase increased with the increase of corncob content.The activities of β-1,3-glucanase,β-glucosidase and endo-β-4,4-glucosidase increased first and then decreased,which peaked when the corncob content was 50%.In the fruiting body stage,the enzymes except lignin peroxidase and laccase increased with the increase of corncob content,which were different from the mycelium stage.In the mycelium stage,with the increase of corncob content,the lignin content in the substrate gradually decreased,and the cellulose content gradually increased.In the fruiting body stage,with the increase of corncob content,lignin and cellulose contents in the substrate decreased first and then increased,and the lowest contents were found when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%.When the content of corncob was 50%,the total unit yield per bag of fruiting body was the highest; when the content of corncob was 30%,the content of amino acids and their derivatives in fruiting body was the highest,including eight indispensable amino acids.Thus,the addition of corncob to the culture substrate improved the enzyme activities related to lignin and cellulose degradation,but the secretion patterns of different enzymes in substrates with different corncob contents were divergent.
Effects of different concentrations of corncob on substrate ligninase and cellulase activities,fruiting body yield and amino acid contents of Auricularia auricula-judae were investigated.The corncob content in the substrate was 10%,30%,50% and 70% respectively.After the mycelia grew full of bags(mycelium stage)and fruiting body stage(4~(th) flush),the substrates were sampled from the upper,middle and lower regions of the bags to determine enzyme activities,lignin content and cellulose content.The 4~(th) flush of fruiting bodies were collected for amino acid analysis.It was found that the mycelium growth rate was the fastest when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%.In the mycelium stage,the lignin peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content in the substrate was 70%,the manganese peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content was 50%,and the laccase activity decreased with the increase of the corncob content.Carboxymethyl cellulase activity was high in all the 4 treatments,especially when the content of corncob was 30%.The activity of N-acetyl-β-glucosidase increased with the increase of corncob content.The activities of β-1,3-glucanase,β-glucosidase and endo-β-4,4-glucosidase increased first and then decreased,which peaked when the corncob content was 50%.In the fruiting body stage,the enzymes except lignin peroxidase and laccase increased with the increase of corncob content,which were different from the mycelium stage.In the mycelium stage,with the increase of corncob content,the lignin content in the substrate gradually decreased,and the cellulose content gradually increased.In the fruiting body stage,with the increase of corncob content,lignin and cellulose contents in the substrate decreased first and then increased,and the lowest contents were found when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%.When the content of corncob was 50%,the total unit yield per bag of fruiting body was the highest; when the content of corncob was 30%,the content of amino acids and their derivatives in fruiting body was the highest,including eight indispensable amino acids.Thus,the addition of corncob to the culture substrate improved the enzyme activities related to lignin and cellulose degradation,but the secretion patterns of different enzymes in substrates with different corncob contents were divergent.
引文
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[4]马怀良.作物秸秆栽培的黑木耳子实体耐旱机制[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[5]潘春磊,盛春鸽,史磊,等.利用玉米芯栽培黑木耳试验研究[J].中国林副特产,2016,141(2):16-18.
[6]彭春艳,罗怀良,孔静.中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况研究进展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(3)14-20.
[7]陈家明,余稳稳,吴晖,等.玉米芯的营养成分分析[J].现代食品科技,2012,28(9):1073-1075.
[8]江佳楠,李艳芳,朱琳,等.秸秆栽培黑木耳的配方筛选研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(10):146-149.
[9]马庆芳,张介驰,张丕奇,等.用玉米芯替代木屑栽培黑木耳的研究[J].中国食用菌,2011,30(4):20-22.
[10]彭强.黑木耳培养料及营养生理特性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007.
[11]么宏伟.不同替代料及栽培模式下黑木耳品质综合评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017.
[12]马庆芳,张介驰,张丕奇,等.不同玉米芯粒径及培养料含水量栽培黑木耳的试验[J].食用菌,2013,35(2):28-29.
[13]崔学昆.不同喷水方法对黑木耳产量及品质影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
[14]王庆福,黄清铧,梁磊,等.3种真菌降解甘蔗渣能力及菌糠营养功能评价[J].甘蔗糖业,2015(3):45-49.
[15]李楠,李玉.黑木耳代用料栽培关键技术研究[J].菌物研究,2008,6(3):183-186.
[16]牛福文,印桂玲,刘宝增.黑木耳栽培期两种培养基主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化[J].微生物学通报,1990,17(4):201-204.
[17]韩增华,张丕奇,孔祥辉,等.黑木耳胞外酶活变化与栽培性状比较的研究[J].食用菌学报,2007,14(4):41-46.
[18]钟雪美,蒋平安,黄录焕.不同培养基质对黑木耳营养成分的影响[J].食用菌,1992,14(4):20.