自养、异养和混合营养污泥沉降性能差异原因探讨
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摘要
本研究建立了3个有效容积为4.2L的有机玻璃材料反应器,培养驯化自养、异养和混合营养3种不同营养类型的活性污泥。通过分析3种不同营养类型污泥沉降性能的差异,旨在找出造成3种污泥沉降性能差异的微观原因,为改善污泥的沉降性能提供新的途径和理论依据。研究结果表明,自养污泥沉降性能最好,混合营养污泥次之,异养污泥最差;污泥的粒径对沉降性能无明显影响;Zeta电位和相对疏水性是造成3种污泥沉降性能差异的重要表面理化性质,Zeta电位值越接近于0,相对疏水性越强,污泥沉降性能越好;污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)中腐殖酸和多糖含量对污泥表面Zeta电位、相对疏水性和污泥沉降性能无明显影响;EPS中蛋白质含量直接影响Zeta电位值,进而造成3种污泥污泥沉降性能差异;而EPS总量和3种污泥沉降性能没有明显相关性。
In order to cultivate three different nutritive types of sludge,three 4.2L Plexiglas reactor was fabricated in this research. This study aimed to find out the micro reasons of the settleability differences among three different nutritive types of sludges( autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixed nutritional sludge). The results showed that the settleability of different sludge were in the following order : autotrophic sludge > mixed nutritional sludge > heterotrophic sludge. Particle size had no obvious effects on settleability. Zeta potential and sludge hydrophobicity were the most important surface physicochemical property. The Zeta potential value was closer to zero, the better settleability for the sludge was achieved. Humic Acid and polysaccharide concentration in sludge EPS had no significant effects on the Zeta potential,sludge hydrophobicity and sludge settleability. Protein affected sludge settleability by directly changing the Zeta potential values and sludge hydrophobicity. In addition,the total amount of EPS had insignificant effects on the sludge settleability.
In order to cultivate three different nutritive types of sludge,three 4.2L Plexiglas reactor was fabricated in this research. This study aimed to find out the micro reasons of the settleability differences among three different nutritive types of sludges( autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixed nutritional sludge). The results showed that the settleability of different sludge were in the following order : autotrophic sludge > mixed nutritional sludge > heterotrophic sludge. Particle size had no obvious effects on settleability. Zeta potential and sludge hydrophobicity were the most important surface physicochemical property. The Zeta potential value was closer to zero, the better settleability for the sludge was achieved. Humic Acid and polysaccharide concentration in sludge EPS had no significant effects on the Zeta potential,sludge hydrophobicity and sludge settleability. Protein affected sludge settleability by directly changing the Zeta potential values and sludge hydrophobicity. In addition,the total amount of EPS had insignificant effects on the sludge settleability.
引文
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[19]万里平,孟英.油田作业废水絮凝过程中Zeta电位的研究[J].化学研究,2004,15(2):25-28.
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[21]Hoa P T,Nair L,Visvanathan C.The effect of nutrients on extracellular polymeric substances production and its influence on sludge properties[J].Water SA.,2003,29:437-442.
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[2]杨雄,彭永臻,郭建华,等.氮/磷缺乏对污泥沉降性能及丝状菌生长的影响[J].化工学报,2014,65(3):1040-1047.
[3]朱哲,李涛,王东升,等.p H对活性污泥表面特性和形态结构的影响[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(12):1599-1640.
[4]龙向宇,龙腾锐,唐然.胞外聚合物及其表面性质对活性污泥沉降性的影响[J].城市环境与城市生态,2008,21(3):15-20.
[5]王红武,李晓岩,赵庆祥.活性污泥的表面特性与其沉降脱水性能的关系[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2004,44(6):766-769.
[6]Randall C W.Activated sludge:Latest developments and a look into the future(abridged)[J].Water and Environmental Journal,1998,12:375-383.
[7]Hartley K J.Controlling sludge settleability in the oxidation ditch process[J].Water Research,2008,42:1459-1466.
[8]Tsai M W,Wentzel M C,Ekama G.A.The effect of residual ammonia concentration under aerobic conditions on the growth of Microthrix parvicella in biological nutrient removal plants[J].Water Research,2003,37:3009-3015.
[9]Wilén B M,Jin B,Lant P.Impacts of structural characteristics on activated sludge floc stability[J].Water Research,2003,37:3632-3645.
[10]Tsuneda S,Ohno T,Soejima K.Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2006,27:191-196.
[11]刘晓猛.微生物聚集体的相互作用及形成机制[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2008.
[12]Li X Y,Yang S F.Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on the flocculation,sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge[J].Water Research,2007,41:1022-1030.
[13]Dubois M,Uilles K A,Hamilton J K,et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substance[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-356.
[14]Lowry O H,Farr A L,Randall R J.Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1951,193(1):265-275.
[15]Wu R,Lee D,Waite T,et al.Multilevel structure of sludge flocs[J].Colloid Interface Science,2002,252:383–392.
[16]Grasso D,Subramaniam K,Butkus M.A review of non-DLVO interactions in environmetal colloidal systems[J].Environmental Science&Bio/Technology,2002,1(1):17-38.
[17]Feldner J,Bredt W,Kahane I.Influence of cell shape and surface charge on attachment of mycoplasma pneumonia to glass surfaces[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1983,153(1):1-5.
[18]Mikkelsen L H,Keiding K.Physico-chemical characteristics of full scale sewage sludges with implications to dewatering[J].Water Research,2002,36(10):2451-2462.
[19]万里平,孟英.油田作业废水絮凝过程中Zeta电位的研究[J].化学研究,2004,15(2):25-28.
[20]Chao A C,Keinath T M.Influence of process loading intensity on sludge clarification and thickening characteristics[J].Water Research,1979,13:1213-1223.
[21]Hoa P T,Nair L,Visvanathan C.The effect of nutrients on extracellular polymeric substances production and its influence on sludge properties[J].Water SA.,2003,29:437-442.
[22]Martinez F,Lema J,Mendez R,et al.Role of exopolymeric protein on the settleability of nitrifying sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,94:43-48.