川滇区域活动块体运动与应变特征地震影响分析
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摘要
本文利用川滇1999—2007、2009—2015年GNSS实测速度场,通过引入平移-旋转-应变模型,构建该区域地震前后的活动块体运动和应变模型,有效对块体运动和块体的应变特征进行了分离,并据此分析了该区域地震前后块体运动和应变特征。结果表明,巴颜喀拉和羌塘块体东向运动有明显增大趋势;汶川地震后川滇块体与羌塘块体边界带相对挤压运动明显增大,巴颜喀拉-华南块体边界带南段形成了较大的挤压应变,川滇块体与华南块体相对运动没有明显变化。
In this paper,we studied the active blocks movement and deformation in the Sichuan-Yunnan region before and after the Wenchuan earthquake by using the measured velocity field of GNSS during the period from1999 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2015.We established movement and strain model of active blocks before and after earthquake by introducing the translation-rotation-strain model,and effective to separate the blocks movement and blocks strain characteristics.According to this,the characteristics of the motion and strain of the block before and after the earthquake are analyzed.The results show that the Qiangtang block and Bayankala block to the East movement increases significantly,and after the Wenchuan earthquake is the biggest change in the boundary zone between Qiangtang block and South-China block,the compressive strain larger boundary section,and after the Wenchuan earthquake the relative extrusion movement increased significantly between Sichuan-Yunnan block and Qiangtang block,and South-China block and Bayankala block,but the relative motion between the South-China block and Sichuan-Yunnan block did not change significantly.
In this paper,we studied the active blocks movement and deformation in the Sichuan-Yunnan region before and after the Wenchuan earthquake by using the measured velocity field of GNSS during the period from1999 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2015.We established movement and strain model of active blocks before and after earthquake by introducing the translation-rotation-strain model,and effective to separate the blocks movement and blocks strain characteristics.According to this,the characteristics of the motion and strain of the block before and after the earthquake are analyzed.The results show that the Qiangtang block and Bayankala block to the East movement increases significantly,and after the Wenchuan earthquake is the biggest change in the boundary zone between Qiangtang block and South-China block,the compressive strain larger boundary section,and after the Wenchuan earthquake the relative extrusion movement increased significantly between Sichuan-Yunnan block and Qiangtang block,and South-China block and Bayankala block,but the relative motion between the South-China block and Sichuan-Yunnan block did not change significantly.
引文
[1]江在森,刘经南.应用最小二乘配置建立地壳运动速度场与应变场的方法[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1109-1117.JIANG Zaisen,LIU Jingnan.The Method in Establishing Strain Field and Velocity Field of Crustal Movement Using Least Squares Collocation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1109-1117.
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[4]王小亚,朱文耀,符养,等.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳形变[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):198-209.WANG Xiaoya,ZHU Wenyao,FU Yang,et al.PresentTime Crustal Deformation in China and Its Surrounding Regions by GPS[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):198-209.
[5]王双绪,蒋锋云,郝明,等.青藏高原东缘现今三维地壳运动特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(10):3334-3345.WANG Shuangxu,JIANG Fengyun,HAO Ming,et al.Investigation of Features of Present 3DCrustal Movement in Eastern Edge of Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(10):3334-3345.
[6]党亚民,陈俊勇,刘经南,等.利用国家GPS A级网资料对中国大陆现今水平形变场的初步分析[J].测绘学报,1998,27(3):267-273.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.1998.03.012.DANG Yamin,CHEN Junyong,LIU Jingnan,et.al.The Preliminary Results of the Present-day Horizontal Deformation Field in China by Using National A-Order GPS Network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1998,27(3):276-273.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.1998.03.012.
[7]杨强,党亚民.利用GPS速度场估算青藏高原地壳韧性层等效粘滞系数分布的研究[J].测绘学报,2010,39(5):497-502.YANG Qiang,DANG Yamin.A Research about Effective Viscosity of Tibetan Plateau Lithosphere Viscoelastic Ductile Layer Using GPS Velocity Fields[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(5):497-502.
[8]魏文薪,江在森,刘晓霞,等.川滇地区应变率场分布及其变化特征研究[J].地震,2015,35(4):11-20.WEI Wenxin,JIANG Zaisen,LIU Xiaoxia,et al.Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Strain Rate Field in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Earthquake,2015,35(4):11-20.
[9]方颖,江在森,邵志刚,等.利用GPS连续资料分析川滇地区的地壳变形特征[J].地震研究,2014,37(2):204-209.FANG Ying,JIANG Zaisen,SHAO Zhigang,et al.Analysis on Crustal Deformation Characteristics in Sichuan-Yunnan Region with GPS Continuous Data[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2014,37(2):204-209.
[10]邹镇宇,江在森,武艳强,等.基于GPS速度场变化结果研究汶川地震前后南北地震带地壳运动动态特征[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1597-1609.ZOU Zhenyu,JIANG Zaisen,WU Yanqiang,et al.Dynamic Characteristics of Crustal Movement in North-South Seismic Belt from GPS Velocity Field Befor and After the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(5):1597-1609.
[11]顾国华,王武星,孟国杰,等.GPS测得的汶川大地震前后的地壳运动[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(11):1336-1339,1349.GU Guohua,WANG Wuxing,MENG Guojie,el al.Crustal Movements before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake as Detected by GPS Observations[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(11):1336-1339,1349.
[12]贾鹏,张希,张晓亮,等.汶川地震前后川滇及其邻区GPS水平运动演化特征[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):264-267,273.JIA Peng,ZHANG Xi,ZHANG Xiaoliang,et al.Evolution Features of Crustal Horizontal Movement from GPS Observation in Sichuan-Yunnan Region and Its Adjacent Area before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):264-267,273.
[13]WU Yanqiang,JIANG Zaisen,ZHAO Jing,et al.Crustal Deformation before the 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 Earthquake Studied Using GPS Data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2015,85:11-23.
[14]孟国杰,苏小宁,徐婉桢,等.基于GPS观测研究2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震震后地壳形变特征及其机制[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4570-4583.MENG Guojie,SU Xiaoning,XU Wanzhen,et al.Postseismic Deformation Associated with the 2010 Yushu,Qinghai MS7.1 Earthquake by GPS Observations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4570-4583.
[15]张效亮,谢富仁,史保平.利用GPS数据估算川滇南部地震(MS≥6.5)平均复发间隔[J].地震学报,2010,32(1):23-32.ZHANG Xiaoliang,XIE Furen,SHI Baoping.Quantitative Estimation of Recurrence Intervals of the MS≥6.5Earthquakes in Southern Sichuan-Yunnan Region Using GPS Observations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(1):23-32.
[16]刘峡,孙东颖,马瑾,等.GPS结果揭示的龙门山断裂带现今形变与受力——与川滇地区其他断裂带的对比研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(4):1091-1100.LIU Xia,SUN Dongying,MA Jin,et al.Present-day Deformation and Stress State of Longmenshan Fanult from GPS Results—Comparative Research on Active Faults in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(4):1091-1100.
[17]王敏,沈正康,甘卫军,等.GPS连续监测鲜水河断裂形变场动态演化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(5):575-581.WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,GAN Weijun,et al.GPS Monitoring of Temporal Deformation of the Xianshuihe Fault[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1259-1266.
[18]赵静,江在森,牛安福,等.川滇菱形块体东边界断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):872-885.ZHAO Jing,JIANG Zaisen,NIU Anfu,et al.Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Fault Locking and Fault Slip Deficit in the Eastern Boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(3):872-885.
[19]WANG Qi,QIAO Xuejun,LAN Qigui,et al.Rupture of Deep Faults in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Uplift of the Longmen Shan[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(9):634-640.DOI:10.1038/ngeo1210.
[20]陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等.巴颜喀拉块体东部活动块体的划分、形变特征及构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4125-4141.CHEN Changyun,REN Jinwei,MENG Guojie,et al.Division,Deformation and Tectonic Implication of Active Blocks in the Eastern Segment of Bayan Har Block[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(12):4125-4141.
[21]丁开华,许才军,邹蓉,等.利用GPS分析川滇地区活动地块运动与应变模型[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(7):822-827.DING Kaihua,XU Caijun,ZOU Rong,et al.Crustal Movement and Strain Model of Active Blocks Analyzed by GPS in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(7):822-827.
[22]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.ZHANG Guomin,MA Hongsheng,WANG Hui,et al.Boundaries between Active-Tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquakes in the China Mainland[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):602-610.
[23]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):21-32.WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,NIU Zhijun,et al.Contemporary Crustal Deformation of the Chinese Continent and Tectonic Block Model[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(S2):25-40.
[24]李延兴,黄珹,胡新康,等.板内块体的刚性弹塑性运动模型与中国大陆主要块体的应变状态[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):565-572.LI Yanxing,HUANG Cheng,HU Xinkang,et al.The Rigid and Elastic-Plastic Model of the Blocks in Intro-Plate and Strain Status of Principal Blocks in the Continent of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):565-572.
[25]许才军,温扬茂.活动地块运动和应变模型辨识[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):50-55.XU Caijun,WEN Yangmao.Identification of Models for Crustal Movement and Strain of Blocks[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(3):50-55.
[26]程鹏飞,成英燕,秘金钟,等.CGCS2000板块模型构建[J].测绘学报,2013,42(2):159-167.CHENG Pengfei,CHENG Yingyan,BEI Jinzhong,et al.CGCS2000Plate Motion Model[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(2):159-167.
[27]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):12-20.ZHANG Peizhen,DENG Qidong,ZHANG Guomin,et al.Active Tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquakes in Continent of China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(S2):13-24.
[2]杨元喜,曾安敏,吴富梅.基于欧拉矢量的中国大陆地壳水平运动自适应拟合推估模型[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(8):1116-1125.YANG Yuanxi,ZENG Anmin,WU Fumei.Horizontal Crustal Movement in China Fitted by Adaptive Collocation with Embedded Euler Vector[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2011,54(12):1822-1829.
[3]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(7):529-536.WANG Qi,ZHANG Peizhen,NIU Zhijun,et al.PresentDay Crustal Movement and Tectonic Deformation in China Continent[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2002,45(10):865-874.
[4]王小亚,朱文耀,符养,等.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳形变[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):198-209.WANG Xiaoya,ZHU Wenyao,FU Yang,et al.PresentTime Crustal Deformation in China and Its Surrounding Regions by GPS[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):198-209.
[5]王双绪,蒋锋云,郝明,等.青藏高原东缘现今三维地壳运动特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(10):3334-3345.WANG Shuangxu,JIANG Fengyun,HAO Ming,et al.Investigation of Features of Present 3DCrustal Movement in Eastern Edge of Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(10):3334-3345.
[6]党亚民,陈俊勇,刘经南,等.利用国家GPS A级网资料对中国大陆现今水平形变场的初步分析[J].测绘学报,1998,27(3):267-273.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.1998.03.012.DANG Yamin,CHEN Junyong,LIU Jingnan,et.al.The Preliminary Results of the Present-day Horizontal Deformation Field in China by Using National A-Order GPS Network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1998,27(3):276-273.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.1998.03.012.
[7]杨强,党亚民.利用GPS速度场估算青藏高原地壳韧性层等效粘滞系数分布的研究[J].测绘学报,2010,39(5):497-502.YANG Qiang,DANG Yamin.A Research about Effective Viscosity of Tibetan Plateau Lithosphere Viscoelastic Ductile Layer Using GPS Velocity Fields[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(5):497-502.
[8]魏文薪,江在森,刘晓霞,等.川滇地区应变率场分布及其变化特征研究[J].地震,2015,35(4):11-20.WEI Wenxin,JIANG Zaisen,LIU Xiaoxia,et al.Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Strain Rate Field in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Earthquake,2015,35(4):11-20.
[9]方颖,江在森,邵志刚,等.利用GPS连续资料分析川滇地区的地壳变形特征[J].地震研究,2014,37(2):204-209.FANG Ying,JIANG Zaisen,SHAO Zhigang,et al.Analysis on Crustal Deformation Characteristics in Sichuan-Yunnan Region with GPS Continuous Data[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2014,37(2):204-209.
[10]邹镇宇,江在森,武艳强,等.基于GPS速度场变化结果研究汶川地震前后南北地震带地壳运动动态特征[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1597-1609.ZOU Zhenyu,JIANG Zaisen,WU Yanqiang,et al.Dynamic Characteristics of Crustal Movement in North-South Seismic Belt from GPS Velocity Field Befor and After the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(5):1597-1609.
[11]顾国华,王武星,孟国杰,等.GPS测得的汶川大地震前后的地壳运动[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(11):1336-1339,1349.GU Guohua,WANG Wuxing,MENG Guojie,el al.Crustal Movements before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake as Detected by GPS Observations[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(11):1336-1339,1349.
[12]贾鹏,张希,张晓亮,等.汶川地震前后川滇及其邻区GPS水平运动演化特征[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):264-267,273.JIA Peng,ZHANG Xi,ZHANG Xiaoliang,et al.Evolution Features of Crustal Horizontal Movement from GPS Observation in Sichuan-Yunnan Region and Its Adjacent Area before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):264-267,273.
[13]WU Yanqiang,JIANG Zaisen,ZHAO Jing,et al.Crustal Deformation before the 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 Earthquake Studied Using GPS Data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2015,85:11-23.
[14]孟国杰,苏小宁,徐婉桢,等.基于GPS观测研究2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震震后地壳形变特征及其机制[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4570-4583.MENG Guojie,SU Xiaoning,XU Wanzhen,et al.Postseismic Deformation Associated with the 2010 Yushu,Qinghai MS7.1 Earthquake by GPS Observations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4570-4583.
[15]张效亮,谢富仁,史保平.利用GPS数据估算川滇南部地震(MS≥6.5)平均复发间隔[J].地震学报,2010,32(1):23-32.ZHANG Xiaoliang,XIE Furen,SHI Baoping.Quantitative Estimation of Recurrence Intervals of the MS≥6.5Earthquakes in Southern Sichuan-Yunnan Region Using GPS Observations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(1):23-32.
[16]刘峡,孙东颖,马瑾,等.GPS结果揭示的龙门山断裂带现今形变与受力——与川滇地区其他断裂带的对比研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(4):1091-1100.LIU Xia,SUN Dongying,MA Jin,et al.Present-day Deformation and Stress State of Longmenshan Fanult from GPS Results—Comparative Research on Active Faults in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(4):1091-1100.
[17]王敏,沈正康,甘卫军,等.GPS连续监测鲜水河断裂形变场动态演化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(5):575-581.WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,GAN Weijun,et al.GPS Monitoring of Temporal Deformation of the Xianshuihe Fault[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1259-1266.
[18]赵静,江在森,牛安福,等.川滇菱形块体东边界断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):872-885.ZHAO Jing,JIANG Zaisen,NIU Anfu,et al.Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Fault Locking and Fault Slip Deficit in the Eastern Boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(3):872-885.
[19]WANG Qi,QIAO Xuejun,LAN Qigui,et al.Rupture of Deep Faults in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Uplift of the Longmen Shan[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(9):634-640.DOI:10.1038/ngeo1210.
[20]陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等.巴颜喀拉块体东部活动块体的划分、形变特征及构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4125-4141.CHEN Changyun,REN Jinwei,MENG Guojie,et al.Division,Deformation and Tectonic Implication of Active Blocks in the Eastern Segment of Bayan Har Block[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(12):4125-4141.
[21]丁开华,许才军,邹蓉,等.利用GPS分析川滇地区活动地块运动与应变模型[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(7):822-827.DING Kaihua,XU Caijun,ZOU Rong,et al.Crustal Movement and Strain Model of Active Blocks Analyzed by GPS in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(7):822-827.
[22]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.ZHANG Guomin,MA Hongsheng,WANG Hui,et al.Boundaries between Active-Tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquakes in the China Mainland[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):602-610.
[23]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):21-32.WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,NIU Zhijun,et al.Contemporary Crustal Deformation of the Chinese Continent and Tectonic Block Model[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(S2):25-40.
[24]李延兴,黄珹,胡新康,等.板内块体的刚性弹塑性运动模型与中国大陆主要块体的应变状态[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):565-572.LI Yanxing,HUANG Cheng,HU Xinkang,et al.The Rigid and Elastic-Plastic Model of the Blocks in Intro-Plate and Strain Status of Principal Blocks in the Continent of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):565-572.
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