青藏高原东部主要活动地块运动演化特征分析
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摘要
针对活动地块相对运动随时间的演化,该文利用多期GPS速度场资料,基于刚性运动模型分析了青藏高原东部多个活动地块的运动演化特征。首先为保证多期速度场的可比性,采用拟准检定(QUAD)优选算法将多期速度场转换到统一的稳定华南基准;然后基于刚性块体模型计算了多个活动地块相对华南地块的运动演化特征,结果显示柴达木、祁连、阿拉善和鄂尔多斯的运动速率明显小于巴颜喀拉、羌塘、川西北和滇中地块,且自羌塘向北东方向的巴颜喀拉再至南部的川西北和滇中地块表现为绕喜马拉雅东构造结的顺时针旋转运动。多期结果表明,除阿拉善和鄂尔多斯地块外,其余活动地块在汶川地震前后均出现显著的调整过程,说明汶川地震对周边活动地块整体运动的影响显著。
Aiming at the evolution of relative motion of active blocks over time,this paper analyzed the motion evolution characteristics of several active blocks in the eastern Tibetan Plateau based on the rigid movement model using multi-period global positioning system(GPS)velocity field data.First GPS velocity field in 3 periods relative to Huanan block was obtained based on quasi-accurate detection of gross errors(QUAD)methods which could establish an unified stable reference frame.Then the relative movements of active blocks were calculated based on the rigid model of blocks.The results showed that active blocks in the northern segments of north south seismic zone behaved in relatively small rates than those in the southern segments.What's more the blocks nearby behaved similarly to each other such as Chuanxibei and Dianzhong blocks which expressed as a clockwise rotation around the Himalayan east tectonic knot.Otherwise blocks in the northern segment were little affected by Wenchuan earthquake,especial Alashan and Erdos blocks.
Aiming at the evolution of relative motion of active blocks over time,this paper analyzed the motion evolution characteristics of several active blocks in the eastern Tibetan Plateau based on the rigid movement model using multi-period global positioning system(GPS)velocity field data.First GPS velocity field in 3 periods relative to Huanan block was obtained based on quasi-accurate detection of gross errors(QUAD)methods which could establish an unified stable reference frame.Then the relative movements of active blocks were calculated based on the rigid model of blocks.The results showed that active blocks in the northern segments of north south seismic zone behaved in relatively small rates than those in the southern segments.What's more the blocks nearby behaved similarly to each other such as Chuanxibei and Dianzhong blocks which expressed as a clockwise rotation around the Himalayan east tectonic knot.Otherwise blocks in the northern segment were little affected by Wenchuan earthquake,especial Alashan and Erdos blocks.
引文
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[13]梁洪宝,顾焕杰,王友.GNSS观测数据质量对坐标解算精度的影响分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(5):5-9.(LIANG Hongbao,GU Huanjie,WANG You.Impact analysis of GNSS observation quality on coordinate solution[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(5):5-9.)
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[15]邹镇宇,江在森,武艳强,等.基于GPS速度场变化结果研究汶川地震前后南北地震带地壳运动动态特征[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1597-1609.(ZOU Zhenyu,JIANG Zaisen,WU Yanqiang,et al.Dynamic characteristics of crustal movement in north-south seismic belt from GPS velocity field before and after the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,2015,58(5):1597-1609.)
[16]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):12-20.(ZHANG Peizhen,DENG Qidong,ZHANG Guomin,et al.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquake activities in the continent of China[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(S1):12-20.)
[17]徐锡伟,程国良,于贵华,等.川滇菱形块体顺时针转动的构造学与古地磁学证据[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):61-70.(XU Xiwei,CHENG Guoliang,YU Guihua,et al.Tectonic and paleomagnetic evidence for the clockwise rotation of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):61-70.)
[18]GAN W,ZHANG P Z,SHEN Z K,et al.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2007,112(B8):B08416.
[19]MEADE B J.Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone[J].Geology,2007,35(1):81-84.
[20]THATCHER W.Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2007,112(B1):B01401.
[21]占伟,刘志广,苏建锋,等.GNSS流动观测水平速度精度评估[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(5):84-87.(ZHAN Wei,LIU Zhiguang,SU Jianfeng,et al.Accuracy evaluation of horizontal velocity measured by GNSS mobile observation[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(5):84-87.)
[22]王伟,王迪晋,聂兆生,等.利用陆态网络连续GNSS资料分析流动站速率精度与可靠性[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2017,37(1):26-29.(WANG Wei,WANG Dijin,NIE Zhaosheng,et al.Analysis of accuracy and reliability for campaign GNSS sites based on CMONOC continuous GNSS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2017,37(1):26-29.)
[23]朱爽,周伟.南北地震带北段近期地壳形变运动特征分析[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(3):60-63.(ZHU Shuang,ZHOU Wei.Crustal deformation and movement characteristics analysis of north section of northsouth seismic zone in recent period[J].Geospatial Information,2016,14(3):60-63.)
[2]李强,游新兆,杨少敏,等.中国大陆构造变形高精度大密度GPS监测:现今速度场[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(5):629-632.(LI Qiang,YOU Xinzhao,YANG Shaomin,et al.A precise velocity field of tectonic deformation in China as inferred from intensive GPS observations[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2012,42(5):629-632.)
[3]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):21-32.(WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,NIU Zhijun,et al.Present day crustal movement of Chinese mainland active block model[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(S1):21-32.)
[4]ZHANG Peizhen,SHEN Zhengkang,WANG Min,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32(9):809-812.
[5]SHEN Zhengkang,LJiangning,WANG Min,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast boderland of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2005,110(B11):B11409.
[6]王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康,等.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率[J].中国科学(地球科学),2008,38(5):582-597.(WANG Yanzhao,WANG Enning,SHEN Zhengkang,et al.GPS-constrained inversion of present-day slip rates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region,China[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2008,38(5):582-597.)
[7]张希,江在森.南北地震带中南段地壳水平运动负位错反演与汶川等地震背景[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(2):105-111,138.(ZHANG Xi,JIANG Zaisen.Inversion of negative dislocation for crustal horizontal movement in middle-southern segment of the China south-north seismic belt[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2010,32(2):105-111,138.)
[8]赵静,江在森,牛安福,等.川滇菱形块体东边界断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):872-885.(ZHAO Jing,JIANG Zaisen,NIU Anfu,et al.Study on dynamic characteristics of fault locking and fault slip deficit in the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Chinese J Geophys,2015,58(3):872-885.)
[9]HERRING T A,KING R W,FLOYD M A,et al.GAMIT reference manual,GPS analysis at MIT:release10.4[Z/OL].[2018-06-12].http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/index.htm.
[10]HERRING T A,KING R W,MCCLUSKY S C.GLOBK reference manual,global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS analysis program:release 10.4[Z/OL].[2018-06-12].http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/index.htm.
[11]DONG D,HERRING T A,KING R W.Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data[J].Journal of Geodesy,1998,72(4):200-214.
[12]武艳强,江在森,杨国华,等.南北地震带北段近期地壳变形特征研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(9):1045-1048.(WU Yanqiang,JIANG Zaisen,YANG Guohua,et al.Deformation characteristics of north section of north-south seismic zone in recent period[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(9):1045-1048.)
[13]梁洪宝,顾焕杰,王友.GNSS观测数据质量对坐标解算精度的影响分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(5):5-9.(LIANG Hongbao,GU Huanjie,WANG You.Impact analysis of GNSS observation quality on coordinate solution[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(5):5-9.)
[14]ZHAN Wei,LI Fei,HAO Weifeng,et al.Regional characteristics and influencing factors of seasonal vertical crustal motions in Yunnan,China[J].Geophysical Journal International,2018,210(3):1295-1304.
[15]邹镇宇,江在森,武艳强,等.基于GPS速度场变化结果研究汶川地震前后南北地震带地壳运动动态特征[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1597-1609.(ZOU Zhenyu,JIANG Zaisen,WU Yanqiang,et al.Dynamic characteristics of crustal movement in north-south seismic belt from GPS velocity field before and after the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,2015,58(5):1597-1609.)
[16]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):12-20.(ZHANG Peizhen,DENG Qidong,ZHANG Guomin,et al.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquake activities in the continent of China[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(S1):12-20.)
[17]徐锡伟,程国良,于贵华,等.川滇菱形块体顺时针转动的构造学与古地磁学证据[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):61-70.(XU Xiwei,CHENG Guoliang,YU Guihua,et al.Tectonic and paleomagnetic evidence for the clockwise rotation of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):61-70.)
[18]GAN W,ZHANG P Z,SHEN Z K,et al.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2007,112(B8):B08416.
[19]MEADE B J.Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone[J].Geology,2007,35(1):81-84.
[20]THATCHER W.Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2007,112(B1):B01401.
[21]占伟,刘志广,苏建锋,等.GNSS流动观测水平速度精度评估[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(5):84-87.(ZHAN Wei,LIU Zhiguang,SU Jianfeng,et al.Accuracy evaluation of horizontal velocity measured by GNSS mobile observation[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(5):84-87.)
[22]王伟,王迪晋,聂兆生,等.利用陆态网络连续GNSS资料分析流动站速率精度与可靠性[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2017,37(1):26-29.(WANG Wei,WANG Dijin,NIE Zhaosheng,et al.Analysis of accuracy and reliability for campaign GNSS sites based on CMONOC continuous GNSS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2017,37(1):26-29.)
[23]朱爽,周伟.南北地震带北段近期地壳形变运动特征分析[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(3):60-63.(ZHU Shuang,ZHOU Wei.Crustal deformation and movement characteristics analysis of north section of northsouth seismic zone in recent period[J].Geospatial Information,2016,14(3):60-63.)