抚育间伐后落叶松天然次生林生境恢复效果的评价
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摘要
建立基于蓄积量的抚育间伐强度分别为16.75%、29.00%、40.01%、53.09%、67.25%的试验样地和未进行间伐作业的对照样地,选取土壤化学性质、林地水文性能、林内光环境、物种多样性、林分特征等5项环境因子相对应的指标,同时对不同样地间土壤化学性质、林分水文性能、林内光环境各指标差异性进行描述。运用灰色关联法确定不同样地的各环境因子的关联度,运用模糊隶属函数对森林间伐后的生态环境恢复进行评价。结果表明:抚育间伐10 a后,不同间伐强度样地土壤中p H值差异性不显著,其他土壤养分指标间伐样地与对照样地存在显著差异性(P<0.05),间伐强度分别为29.00%、40.01%的样地土壤养分质量较好,且除间伐强度为67.25%的样地外,其他样地的土壤养分质量均优于未采伐的对照样地;不同间伐强度改造后土壤物理性质和枯落物持水性与对照样地存在显著差异,抚育间伐强度为40.01%的落叶松天然次生林水文性能最佳,间伐强度为29.00%的改造样地次之;不同间伐强度样地叶倾角、冠上总辐射通量无显著差异,其他冠层结构和光合参数指标间伐样地与对照样地存在显著差异性,间伐强度为29.00%的改造样地林内光环境质量最优; 16.75%～40.01%的间伐强度物种多样性指数较高,有利于促进植被更新,增加林分物种多样性;间伐强度分别为16.75%、29.00%的落叶松天然次生林林分特征状态较好。对森林生态环境的恢复评价结果得分由高到低依次为间伐强度29.00%(0.85)、40.01%(0.82)、16.75%(0.51)、53.09%(0.47)、0(0.39)、67.25%(0.24)、9.43%(0.21),得分越高,说明森林环境恢复效果越好。抚育间伐10 a后,抚育间伐强度分别为29.00%、40.01%时对森林生态环境的恢复效果较好,中等强度抚育间伐适用于大兴安岭地区落叶松天然次生林。
In order to restore the ecological system of Larch forest in Daxing'an Mountains,the different thinning intensity of forest was carried out to find the effect of thinning on the environmental factors and the optimum efficiency of forest ecological environment restoration. The experimental plots of thinning intensity were 9.43%,16.75%,29.00%,40.01%,53.09%,and 67.25%,and the control plot was set. Soil nutrients,hydrological properties of forest land,light environment,species diversity and stand characteristics were selected as five forest environmental factors,and corresponding indexes were also selected. They were used to describe the differences between different places. At the same time,the gray correlation method was used to evaluate each of the environmental factors of every sample. Then,by using fuzzy membership function,the ecological environment restoration was comprehensively reflected after thinning. A decade later,there was no significant difference on pH value in soil with different thinning intensities,but there were significant differences in other soil nutrient indexes between thinning plots and control plots( P<0.05). The soil nutrient quality was relatively higher for the plots with thinning intensity ranging from 29.00% to 40.01%,and that was better than that of the control area expect for the thinning intensity of 67.25% after different intensity thinning. There were significant differences in soil physical properties and litter water holding capacity between control plots and thinning plots. The hydrological performance of the natural secondary forest with thinning strength of 40.01% was the best and the 29.00% of that took the second place. There was no significant difference in leaf area index and PAR over canopy of different thinning intensity samples,and there were significant differences in other canopy structure and photosynthetic parameters between thinning plots and control plots. The quality of light environment with 29% thinning intensity in the reconstructed plots was the best. The species diversity index of 16.75%-40.01%was superior in thinning intensity,which helped to promote vegetation renewal and increase the diversity of forest species.Overall,the stand characteristics of 16.75% and 29.00% thinning intensity was good. The evaluation of ecological environment was 29%( 0.85),40.01%( 0.82),16.75%( 0.51),53.09%( 0.47),0( 0.39),67.25%( 0.24),and 9.43%( 0.21) in descending order,and the higher the evaluation result was,the better the recovery of forest environment was. A decade later,the thinning intensity of 29.00% and 40.01% had a positive effect on the restoration of forest ecological environment. Moderate intensity thinning is suitable for Larix gmelinii natural secondary forest in Daxing'an Mountains.
In order to restore the ecological system of Larch forest in Daxing'an Mountains,the different thinning intensity of forest was carried out to find the effect of thinning on the environmental factors and the optimum efficiency of forest ecological environment restoration. The experimental plots of thinning intensity were 9.43%,16.75%,29.00%,40.01%,53.09%,and 67.25%,and the control plot was set. Soil nutrients,hydrological properties of forest land,light environment,species diversity and stand characteristics were selected as five forest environmental factors,and corresponding indexes were also selected. They were used to describe the differences between different places. At the same time,the gray correlation method was used to evaluate each of the environmental factors of every sample. Then,by using fuzzy membership function,the ecological environment restoration was comprehensively reflected after thinning. A decade later,there was no significant difference on pH value in soil with different thinning intensities,but there were significant differences in other soil nutrient indexes between thinning plots and control plots( P<0.05). The soil nutrient quality was relatively higher for the plots with thinning intensity ranging from 29.00% to 40.01%,and that was better than that of the control area expect for the thinning intensity of 67.25% after different intensity thinning. There were significant differences in soil physical properties and litter water holding capacity between control plots and thinning plots. The hydrological performance of the natural secondary forest with thinning strength of 40.01% was the best and the 29.00% of that took the second place. There was no significant difference in leaf area index and PAR over canopy of different thinning intensity samples,and there were significant differences in other canopy structure and photosynthetic parameters between thinning plots and control plots. The quality of light environment with 29% thinning intensity in the reconstructed plots was the best. The species diversity index of 16.75%-40.01%was superior in thinning intensity,which helped to promote vegetation renewal and increase the diversity of forest species.Overall,the stand characteristics of 16.75% and 29.00% thinning intensity was good. The evaluation of ecological environment was 29%( 0.85),40.01%( 0.82),16.75%( 0.51),53.09%( 0.47),0( 0.39),67.25%( 0.24),and 9.43%( 0.21) in descending order,and the higher the evaluation result was,the better the recovery of forest environment was. A decade later,the thinning intensity of 29.00% and 40.01% had a positive effect on the restoration of forest ecological environment. Moderate intensity thinning is suitable for Larix gmelinii natural secondary forest in Daxing'an Mountains.
引文
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[14]董莉莉,张慧东,毛沂新,等.间伐对红松Pinus koraiensis针阔混交林冠层结构及林下植被的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):159-165.
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[16]朱玉杰,董希斌.大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):29-38.
[17]曲杭峰,董希斌,唐国华,等.补植改造对大兴安岭白桦低质林土壤养分的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):75-80.
[18]曲杭峰,董希斌,张甜,等.大兴安岭白桦低质林补植改造后枯落物水文效应变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(8):14-19.
[19]张甜,朱玉杰,董希斌.抚育间伐和修枝对落叶松用材林生长和冠层的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(12):8-11.
[20]王智勇,董希斌,张甜,等.抚育间伐强度对落叶松天然次生林林分结构及健康的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):3-9.
[21]刘思峰,蔡华,杨英杰,等.灰色关联分析模型研究进展[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(8):2041-2046.
[22]程启月.评测指标权重确定的结构熵权法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(7):1225-1228.
[23]马芳芳,贾翔,赵卫,等.间伐强度对辽东落叶松人工林土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):971-977.
[24]柳思勉.干扰强度对会同杉木林内环境特征的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.
[25]刘荣.间伐抚育对刺槐人工林林分结构和林分健康的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[2]AKSELSSON C,WESTLING O,SVERDRUP H,et al.Nutrient and carbon budgets in forest soils as decision support in sustainable forest management[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2007,238(1):167-174.
[3]张期奇,董希斌,张甜,等.抚育间伐强度对兴安落叶松中龄林测树因子的影响[J].森林工程,2018,34(5):1-8.
[4]王智勇,董希斌,张甜,等.抚育间伐强度对落叶松天然次生林林分结构及健康的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):1-7.
[5]NILSON T,KUUSK A.Improved algorithm for estimating canopy indices from gap fraction data in forest canopies[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2004,124(3):157-169.
[6]SHAHEEN H,ULLAH Z,KHAN S M,et al.Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forests in Kashmir[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2012,278(6):138-145.
[7]何友均,梁星云,覃林,等.南亚热带马尾松红椎人工林群落结构、物种多样性及基于自然的森林经营[J].林业科学,2013,49(4):24-33.
[8]孙志虎,王秀琴,陈祥伟.不同抚育间伐强度对落叶松人工林生态系统碳储量影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(12):5-17.
[9]叶钰倩,赵家豪,刘畅,等.间伐对马尾松人工林根际土壤氮含量及酶活性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):1-6.
[10]孟庆旭,张胜利,李侃,等.秦岭华山松林间伐强度对其水源涵养功能的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):1-7.
[11]李明雨,党坤良,马俊,等.间伐对华山松天然次生林光合特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(7):66-73.
[12]曾冀,雷渊才,蔡道雄,等.桂西南杉木林分生长对间伐的动态响应[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(5):841-848.
[13]张小鹏,王得祥,张鹏,等.抚育间伐对小陇山林区华山松林下植物多样性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):37-42.
[14]董莉莉,张慧东,毛沂新,等.间伐对红松Pinus koraiensis针阔混交林冠层结构及林下植被的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):159-165.
[15]宋启亮,董希斌.大兴安岭不同类型低质林群落稳定性的综合评价[J].林业科学,2014,50(6):10-17.
[16]朱玉杰,董希斌.大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):29-38.
[17]曲杭峰,董希斌,唐国华,等.补植改造对大兴安岭白桦低质林土壤养分的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):75-80.
[18]曲杭峰,董希斌,张甜,等.大兴安岭白桦低质林补植改造后枯落物水文效应变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(8):14-19.
[19]张甜,朱玉杰,董希斌.抚育间伐和修枝对落叶松用材林生长和冠层的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(12):8-11.
[20]王智勇,董希斌,张甜,等.抚育间伐强度对落叶松天然次生林林分结构及健康的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):3-9.
[21]刘思峰,蔡华,杨英杰,等.灰色关联分析模型研究进展[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(8):2041-2046.
[22]程启月.评测指标权重确定的结构熵权法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(7):1225-1228.
[23]马芳芳,贾翔,赵卫,等.间伐强度对辽东落叶松人工林土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):971-977.
[24]柳思勉.干扰强度对会同杉木林内环境特征的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.
[25]刘荣.间伐抚育对刺槐人工林林分结构和林分健康的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.