X波段相控阵气象雷达回波数据的对比分析
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摘要
为探究、验证X波段相控阵气象雷达系统及其回波数据的可靠性,基于X波段相控阵气象雷达系统及地基外场试验,对比分析了X波段相控阵气象雷达系统与X波段机械式天线气象雷达系统的回波数据。在脉宽为6μs和1μs两种探测模式下,通过散点分布和概率分布方法对比分析了相控阵天气雷达的回波强度和径向速度数据的差异性。结果表明:(1)在脉宽为6μs和1μs的探测模式下,X波段相控阵气象雷达与常规天气雷达有比较接近的探测能力和可靠的数据质量;在远距离处,相控阵气象雷达的回波数据呈现层次结构清晰、轮廓显著的特性;(2)宽波束以及波束宽度展宽等特性平滑了相控阵气象雷达的回波强度,改变回波结构,弱回波区面积减小,强回波区增大;(3)天线增益不均匀影响相控阵雷达数据质量,理论上可以用1/(cosθcosφ)的增益修正因子对回波强度进行修订。
Compared with the mechanical antenna weather-radar,the phased array antenna weather radar system has its special features of fast scanning and reliable data,which play an essential role in monitoring and warning meso- scale severe weather system. The parameters and characteristics of the X- band phased array antenna radar system( XPAR) as well as its activities in surface-based field campaigns are introduced. Measurements by XPAR and X- band mechanical antenna radar( XRAD) are compared including the measurement difference between 1 μs and 6 μs pulse widths of the XPAR itself. The analysis based on comparisons shows( 1) The measurements from XPAR with pulse width of 1 μs and 6 μs( pulse compression mode) are close to the measurements from XRAD,XPAR with pulse compression mode has even better data quality and good echo image particularly at distant region.( 2) Due to the broad beam width,the XPAR reflectivity factor is smooth,the weak echo area decreases and strong echo area increases.( 3) The non- uniform antenna gain of XPAR has influence on data quality,but can be theoretically compensated by a gain factor of 1 /( cosθcosφ) for correcting radar reflectivity factor.
Compared with the mechanical antenna weather-radar,the phased array antenna weather radar system has its special features of fast scanning and reliable data,which play an essential role in monitoring and warning meso- scale severe weather system. The parameters and characteristics of the X- band phased array antenna radar system( XPAR) as well as its activities in surface-based field campaigns are introduced. Measurements by XPAR and X- band mechanical antenna radar( XRAD) are compared including the measurement difference between 1 μs and 6 μs pulse widths of the XPAR itself. The analysis based on comparisons shows( 1) The measurements from XPAR with pulse width of 1 μs and 6 μs( pulse compression mode) are close to the measurements from XRAD,XPAR with pulse compression mode has even better data quality and good echo image particularly at distant region.( 2) Due to the broad beam width,the XPAR reflectivity factor is smooth,the weak echo area decreases and strong echo area increases.( 3) The non- uniform antenna gain of XPAR has influence on data quality,but can be theoretically compensated by a gain factor of 1 /( cosθcosφ) for correcting radar reflectivity factor.
引文
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[26]张子良,郑国光,葛文忠,等.平面相控阵脉冲压缩的雷达气象方程[J].南京信息工程大学学报:自然科学版,2013,5(5):426-431.
[27]张子良.相控阵天气雷达关键技术研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.
[28]王强.相控阵天气雷达系统研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2010.
[29]Balanis C A.Antenna Theory:Analysis and Design[M].3rdedition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2012.
[30]张志强.相控阵天气雷达强度探测与评估方法研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2011.
[31]周海光.新一代多普勒天气雷达网探测数据对比分析系统[J].计算机应用,2013,33(1):270-275.
[32]胡明宝,赵景志,夏文梅,等.双偏振多普勒天气雷达和CINRAD-SA对比分析[J].现代雷达,2012,34(1):5-19.
[33]程明虎,刘黎平,张沛源,等.暴雨系统的多普勒雷达反演理论和方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:39-44.
[34]Skolnik M I.Introduction to Radar Systems[M].New York,USA:M c Graw-Hill,1980.
[35]Doviak R J,Zrnic D S.Doppler Radar&Weather Observations[M].San Diego,California:Academic Press,1993.
[36]肖艳娇,刘黎平,杨洪平.区域雷达网同步观测对比分析[J].气象学报,2007,65(6):919-926.
[37]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:11.
[38]Knorr J B.Weather radar equation correction for frequency agile and phased array radars[J].Aerospace and Electronic Systems,IEEE Transactions on,2007,43(3):1220-1227.
[39]张光义.多波束形成技术在相控阵雷达中的应用[J].现代雷达,2007,29(8):1-6.
[2]朱立娟,龚建东.QIQC技术在雷达反演VAD廓线资料退模糊中的应用研究[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):862-869.
[3]马学谦,董万胜,楚荣忠,等.X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达降雨定量估算试验[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):382-391.
[4]杨毅,邱崇践,龚建东,等.同化多普勒风场资料的两种方法比较[J].高原气象,2007,26(3):247-256.
[5]徐学义,赵振东,梁红新.三次非超级单体龙卷风暴多普勒雷达特征对比分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1164-1172,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00036.
[6]周海光.2008年8月1-2日滁州大暴雨双多普勒雷达三维风场反演的初步结果[J].高原气象,2009,28(6):1422-1433.
[7]段云霞,邵爱梅,杨毅.利用多普勒天气雷达资料对一次台风流程结构分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(1):187-196.
[8]史朝,何建新,李学华,等.X波段天气雷达地物回波的双线偏振参量特征分析及应用[J].高原气象,2013,32(5):1478-1484,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00137.
[9]张光义,赵玉洁.相控阵雷达技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:2-3.
[10]高玉春.机载气象雷达探测系统总体关键技术研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2009.
[11]张越.相控阵技术在天气雷达中的应用[J].现代雷达,2003,25(12):23-25.
[12]张子良,郑国光,刘一峰.相控阵天气雷达脉压距离旁瓣抑制研究[J].现代雷达,2008,30(5):37-40.
[13]杨金红,高玉春,程明虎,等.相控阵技术在大气探测中的应用及面临的挑战[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(2):142-150.
[14]杨金红,高玉春,程明虎,等.相控阵天气雷达与多普勒雷达的探测精度与探测能力对比研究[J].气象,2008,34(5):44-51,129.
[15]高玉春,杨金红,程明虎,等.相扫天气雷达扫描方式研究[J].电子学报,2009,37(3):485-488.
[16]杨金红,高玉春,程明虎,等.相控阵天气雷达波束特性[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):119-123.
[17]胡明宝,贾晓星.风廓线雷达有源相控阵天线的设计与实现[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,10(增刊1):84-89.
[18]黄兴友,徐海军.相控阵天气雷达与多普勒雷达回波的对比分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):13873-13875.
[19]张志强,刘黎平.相控阵技术在天气雷达中的初步应用[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1102-1107.
[20]张志强,刘黎平.S波段相控阵天气雷达与新一代天气雷达探测云回波强度及结构误差的模拟分析[J].气象学报,2011,69(4):729-735.
[21]周海光.机载多普勒天气雷达及应用研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(5):453-458.
[22]魏鸣,张思进,刘佳,等.机载气象雷达扫描的理想模型仿真算法[J].大气科学学报,2011,34(1):28-35.
[23]王凯,严勇.舰载相控阵雷达在气象探测中的应用[J].现代雷达,2009,31(6):5-7.
[24]严勇.相控阵天气雷达回波强度订正研究[J].现代雷达,2013,35(5):26-29.
[25]段寿元,史勇义,弓宇恒.利用相控阵雷达实现气象探测[J].现代雷达,2013,35(2):4-6.
[26]张子良,郑国光,葛文忠,等.平面相控阵脉冲压缩的雷达气象方程[J].南京信息工程大学学报:自然科学版,2013,5(5):426-431.
[27]张子良.相控阵天气雷达关键技术研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.
[28]王强.相控阵天气雷达系统研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2010.
[29]Balanis C A.Antenna Theory:Analysis and Design[M].3rdedition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2012.
[30]张志强.相控阵天气雷达强度探测与评估方法研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2011.
[31]周海光.新一代多普勒天气雷达网探测数据对比分析系统[J].计算机应用,2013,33(1):270-275.
[32]胡明宝,赵景志,夏文梅,等.双偏振多普勒天气雷达和CINRAD-SA对比分析[J].现代雷达,2012,34(1):5-19.
[33]程明虎,刘黎平,张沛源,等.暴雨系统的多普勒雷达反演理论和方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:39-44.
[34]Skolnik M I.Introduction to Radar Systems[M].New York,USA:M c Graw-Hill,1980.
[35]Doviak R J,Zrnic D S.Doppler Radar&Weather Observations[M].San Diego,California:Academic Press,1993.
[36]肖艳娇,刘黎平,杨洪平.区域雷达网同步观测对比分析[J].气象学报,2007,65(6):919-926.
[37]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:11.
[38]Knorr J B.Weather radar equation correction for frequency agile and phased array radars[J].Aerospace and Electronic Systems,IEEE Transactions on,2007,43(3):1220-1227.
[39]张光义.多波束形成技术在相控阵雷达中的应用[J].现代雷达,2007,29(8):1-6.