铈和Ce-20La合金的晶粒长大动力学
|
摘要
使用真空电弧熔炼和铜模吸铸方法制备了Ce和Ce-20La两种材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和金相显微镜分别研究了这两种材料的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸随退火时间的变化规律。结果表明:Ce和Ce-20La合金均为面心立方结构,并呈现单相等轴晶组织; Ce-20La中La取代Ce形成了置换固溶体。将Ce和Ce-20La分别在400℃下高真空中不同时间退火,发现这两种材料的晶粒尺寸随退火时间的变化均满足关系式:D~3-D■=kt。其中,与Ce和Ce-20La对应的k值分别为17251和3565。La的掺入引起Ce的晶格畸变,一定程度上限制了原子在晶粒内部的扩散,阻止了晶粒长大,从而提高了Ce-20La的热稳定性。
Ce and Ce-20 La alloy was cast to a copper mold after vacuum arc melting. The crystal structure, relationship between grain size and anneal time of the two samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and metallographic microscopy. The results indicated that the Ce and Ce-20 La alloy are both face centered cubic structures and they are single-phase of isometric crystal. La atoms replace the places of Ce thus they form a substitutional solid solution. Ce and Ce-20 La were annealed for different time at 400 ℃ in high vacuum, and the results showed that their average grain size and anneal time fit the formula D~3-D■=kt. The k values of Ce and Ce-20 La alloy at 400 ℃ are 17251 and 3565, respectively. La atoms cause lattice distortion of Ce and limit atoms diffusion within the grain in some degree, thus prevent grain growth and improve the thermal stability of Ce-20 La alloy.
Ce and Ce-20 La alloy was cast to a copper mold after vacuum arc melting. The crystal structure, relationship between grain size and anneal time of the two samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and metallographic microscopy. The results indicated that the Ce and Ce-20 La alloy are both face centered cubic structures and they are single-phase of isometric crystal. La atoms replace the places of Ce thus they form a substitutional solid solution. Ce and Ce-20 La were annealed for different time at 400 ℃ in high vacuum, and the results showed that their average grain size and anneal time fit the formula D~3-D■=kt. The k values of Ce and Ce-20 La alloy at 400 ℃ are 17251 and 3565, respectively. La atoms cause lattice distortion of Ce and limit atoms diffusion within the grain in some degree, thus prevent grain growth and improve the thermal stability of Ce-20 La alloy.
引文
[1] Gschneidner K A Jr, Eyring L. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths [M]. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1978.
[2] Lock J M. The magnetic susceptibilities of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium, from 1.5 to 300 K [J]. Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 1957, 70(6): 566.
[3] Wittig J. Superconductivity of Cerium Under pressure [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1968, 21(17): 1250.
[4] Gschneidner K A Jr, Burgardt P, Legvold S, Moorman J O, Vyrostek T A, Stassis C. Kondo scattering in a pure metal-beta cerium. I. Experimental [J]. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1976, 6(2): L49.
[5] 罗迪, 邢国华, 邹惠良, 严申生, 俞志中, 罗兴华. S, P在高速钢晶界上的偏聚与稀土元素的净化作用 [J]. 金属学报, 1983, 19(4): B151.Luo D, Xing G H, Zou H L, Yan S S, Yu Z Z, Luo X H. Segregation of S and P along grain boundary in high speed steels and cleaning action of RE elements [J]. ACTA Metallurgica Sinica, 1983, 19(4): B151.
[6] 余宗森. 稀土在钢中应用的新进展 [J]. 材料科学进展, 1987, 1(1): 1.Yu Z S. Recent progress in the application of rare earths in steel [J]. Materials Science Progress, 1987, 1(1): 1.
[7] 富晓阳, 杨吉春, 杨强. 铈对T91钢冲击韧性的影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(4): 509.Fu X Y, Yang J C, Yang Q. Effect of cerium on impact toughness of T91 steel [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 509.
[8] Yu X, Yin D, Yu Z. Effects of cerium and zirconium microalloying addition on the microstructures and tensile properties of novel Al-Cu-Li alloys [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2016, 45(8): 1917.
[9] Li Y M, Peng X D, Hu F P, Wei G B, Xie W D, Liu J W, Yang Y, Li M L, Wang X M. Effect of mischmetal on microstructure and mechanical properties of super light Mg-Li alloys [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2017, 7(46): 1775.
[10] 孙杰, 房洪杰, 刘慧, 纪仁龙, 陈俊豪. 微量铈对7085铝合金组织和性能影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(4): 501.Sun J, Fang H J, Liu H, Ji R L, Chen J H. Effect of trace rare earth cerium on microstructure and properties of 7085 aluminum alloy [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 501.
[11] 房洪杰, 孙杰, 汪洪波, 尹登峰. 微量铈对7136铝合金微观组织和性能的影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2016, 34(3): 313.Fang H J, Sun J, Wang H B, Yin D F. Influence of alloy added trace cerium on microstructure and properties of 7136 aluminum [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2016, 34(3): 313.
[12] Li J, Jia L W, Jin W Y, Xia F, Wang J M. Effects of Ce-doping on the structure and Nh3-Scr activity of Fe/beta catalyst [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2015, 44(7): 1612.
[13] Wheeler D W, Khan I. A Raman spectroscopy study of cerium oxide in a cerium-5 wt.% lanthanum alloy [J]. Vib. Spectrosc., 2014, 70: 200.
[14] 吕俊波, 郭淑兰, 李赣. 金属铈表面氧化还原过程的原位拉曼光谱研究 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2013, 31(4): 488.Lü J B, Guo S L, Li G. In Situ Raman spectroscopic of cerium surface oxidation and reduction processes [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2013, 31(4): 488.
[15] Gschneidner K A Jr, Calderwood F W. The Ce-La (cerium-lanthanum) system [J]. Bull. Alloy Phase Diag., 1982, 2(4): 445.
[16] 朱家明. 基于图像分析软件的晶粒尺寸分布统计 [J]. 压电与声光, 2013, 35(4): 585.Zhu J M. The measurement of grain size distribution through image analysis software [J]. Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics, 2013, 35(4): 585.
[17] Burke J E, Turnbull D. Recrystallization and grain growth [J]. Prog. Met. Phys., 1952, 3: 220.
[2] Lock J M. The magnetic susceptibilities of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium, from 1.5 to 300 K [J]. Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 1957, 70(6): 566.
[3] Wittig J. Superconductivity of Cerium Under pressure [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1968, 21(17): 1250.
[4] Gschneidner K A Jr, Burgardt P, Legvold S, Moorman J O, Vyrostek T A, Stassis C. Kondo scattering in a pure metal-beta cerium. I. Experimental [J]. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1976, 6(2): L49.
[5] 罗迪, 邢国华, 邹惠良, 严申生, 俞志中, 罗兴华. S, P在高速钢晶界上的偏聚与稀土元素的净化作用 [J]. 金属学报, 1983, 19(4): B151.Luo D, Xing G H, Zou H L, Yan S S, Yu Z Z, Luo X H. Segregation of S and P along grain boundary in high speed steels and cleaning action of RE elements [J]. ACTA Metallurgica Sinica, 1983, 19(4): B151.
[6] 余宗森. 稀土在钢中应用的新进展 [J]. 材料科学进展, 1987, 1(1): 1.Yu Z S. Recent progress in the application of rare earths in steel [J]. Materials Science Progress, 1987, 1(1): 1.
[7] 富晓阳, 杨吉春, 杨强. 铈对T91钢冲击韧性的影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(4): 509.Fu X Y, Yang J C, Yang Q. Effect of cerium on impact toughness of T91 steel [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 509.
[8] Yu X, Yin D, Yu Z. Effects of cerium and zirconium microalloying addition on the microstructures and tensile properties of novel Al-Cu-Li alloys [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2016, 45(8): 1917.
[9] Li Y M, Peng X D, Hu F P, Wei G B, Xie W D, Liu J W, Yang Y, Li M L, Wang X M. Effect of mischmetal on microstructure and mechanical properties of super light Mg-Li alloys [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2017, 7(46): 1775.
[10] 孙杰, 房洪杰, 刘慧, 纪仁龙, 陈俊豪. 微量铈对7085铝合金组织和性能影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(4): 501.Sun J, Fang H J, Liu H, Ji R L, Chen J H. Effect of trace rare earth cerium on microstructure and properties of 7085 aluminum alloy [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 501.
[11] 房洪杰, 孙杰, 汪洪波, 尹登峰. 微量铈对7136铝合金微观组织和性能的影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2016, 34(3): 313.Fang H J, Sun J, Wang H B, Yin D F. Influence of alloy added trace cerium on microstructure and properties of 7136 aluminum [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2016, 34(3): 313.
[12] Li J, Jia L W, Jin W Y, Xia F, Wang J M. Effects of Ce-doping on the structure and Nh3-Scr activity of Fe/beta catalyst [J]. Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2015, 44(7): 1612.
[13] Wheeler D W, Khan I. A Raman spectroscopy study of cerium oxide in a cerium-5 wt.% lanthanum alloy [J]. Vib. Spectrosc., 2014, 70: 200.
[14] 吕俊波, 郭淑兰, 李赣. 金属铈表面氧化还原过程的原位拉曼光谱研究 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2013, 31(4): 488.Lü J B, Guo S L, Li G. In Situ Raman spectroscopic of cerium surface oxidation and reduction processes [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2013, 31(4): 488.
[15] Gschneidner K A Jr, Calderwood F W. The Ce-La (cerium-lanthanum) system [J]. Bull. Alloy Phase Diag., 1982, 2(4): 445.
[16] 朱家明. 基于图像分析软件的晶粒尺寸分布统计 [J]. 压电与声光, 2013, 35(4): 585.Zhu J M. The measurement of grain size distribution through image analysis software [J]. Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics, 2013, 35(4): 585.
[17] Burke J E, Turnbull D. Recrystallization and grain growth [J]. Prog. Met. Phys., 1952, 3: 220.