基于区块链技术的电子档案信任管理模式探析:英国ARCHANGEL项目的启示
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摘要
英国ARCHANGEL是全球首个专门针对电子档案信任管理的区块链应用研究项目,旨在利用区块链存储电子档案内容证据,为档案利用者提供可靠的档案完整性认证服务。文章按照区块链的核心技术构成,对ARCHANGEL的技术逻辑和应用过程进行了剖析,并分析了其内在的电子档案信任管理模式及其与现有模式之间的关系。在此基础上,提出借助区块链技术建立档案信任基础设施,为多种类型档案及其档案保管机构提供信任管理支撑,档案行政管理部门也应针对档案信任区块链树立新的信任意识、制定管理规范、制定数据标准、建立统一平台。最后,文章从区块链技术应用对于档案信任管理的局限性、可持续问题及其对于档案价值属性、电子档案构成等基本理论问题的冲击三个方面对档案学界可能要应对的研究问题进行了论述。
British ARCHANGEL project was the first global project to specifically study the trust management of digital records based on the application of blockchain,in which the content evidence of digital records are stored on the blockchain to provide records integrity verification service for records users.According to the core technology of blockchain,the paper analyzes the technical logic and application process of ARCHANGEL,and analyzes its internnal digital records trust management model and its relationship with current models.Based on that,it mentions establishing records trust infrastructure via blockchain technology,which can support the trust management for various archives and archives-keeping institution.Meanwhile,archives administration department should establish new trust consciousness,set management standards,establish data standards and establish unified platform.Finally,the paper discusses its limitations,sustainability issues,archives value attribute,and the composition of digital records,which the archival academic circle might deal with in the future.
British ARCHANGEL project was the first global project to specifically study the trust management of digital records based on the application of blockchain,in which the content evidence of digital records are stored on the blockchain to provide records integrity verification service for records users.According to the core technology of blockchain,the paper analyzes the technical logic and application process of ARCHANGEL,and analyzes its internnal digital records trust management model and its relationship with current models.Based on that,it mentions establishing records trust infrastructure via blockchain technology,which can support the trust management for various archives and archives-keeping institution.Meanwhile,archives administration department should establish new trust consciousness,set management standards,establish data standards and establish unified platform.Finally,the paper discusses its limitations,sustainability issues,archives value attribute,and the composition of digital records,which the archival academic circle might deal with in the future.
引文
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[8]张倩.区块链技术对高校档案信息管理方式创新的可行性探究[J].档案与建设,2017(12):21-24.
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[18]ARCHANGEL.About ARCHANGEL[EB/Ol].(2018-09-18)https://archangel-dlt.github.io/about/.
[19][25][27][31][32][34]Collomosse J,Bui T,Brown A,et al.ARCHANGEL:Trusted Archives of Digital Public Documents[J].arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.08342,2018.
[21]张孝荣,杨思磊等.区块链方案白皮书:打造数字经济时代信任基石[R].深圳:腾讯研究院,2017.
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[23]蒋勇,文延,嘉文.白话区块链[M].北京:北京华章图文信息有限公司,2017.
[24]邵奇峰,金澈清,张召,钱卫宁,周傲英.区块链技术:架构及进展[J].计算机学报,2018,41(5):969-988.
[28]Naumoff A.Clover,译.为什么区块链需要“权威证明”取代“权益证明”[EB/Ol].[2017-04-28](2018-09-26)http://chainb.com/?P=Cont&id=4283.
[29]ARCHANGEL.ARCHANGEL Private Ethereum Network[EB/Ol].[2018-06-20](2018-09-26)https://archangel-dlt.github.io/article/2018/06/20/archangelprivate-ethereum-network.html.
[30]微软在Azure上推出“权威证明”以太坊共识机制[EB/Ol].[2018-08-11](2018-09-26)https://www.jinse.com/blockchain/225997.html.
[33]The National Archives.File Profiling Tool(DROID)[EB/Ol].(2018-09-26)http://www.nationalarchives.gov uk/information-management/manage-information/policyprocess/digital-continuity/file-profiling-tool-droid/.
[35]钱毅.基于OAIS的数字档案资源长期保存认证策略研究[J].档案学研究,2018(4):72-77.
[37]Surrey Blockchain.ARCHANGEL Project Summary[EB/Ol].[2018-09-25]http://blockchain.surrey.ac.uk/projects/archangel.html.
[38]Recordkeeping Roundtable.Recordkeeping Roundcasts Episode 2:Project ARCHANGEL and distributed ledger experimentation[EB/Ol].(2018-08-09)[2018-09-26]https://rkroundtable.org/2018/08/09/recordkeeping-roundcasts-episode-2-projectarchangel-and-distributed-ledger-experimentation/.
[39]工业和信息化部科技司.全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化技术委员会筹建方案公示[EB/Ol].(2018-06-28)[2018-09-30]http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c6237840/content.html.
[41]韩海庭,孙圣力,傅文仁.区块链时代的社会管理危机与对策建议[J].电子政务,2018(9):95-10
[2][12][14][16]徐欣欣.文件档案管理中的区块链技术应用研究综述[J].浙江档案,2018(5):12-15.
[3][20]何晓东,黄新荣.浅析区块链技术在电子文件管理中的应用[J].档案与建设,2018(2):4-8.
[4]张珊.区块链技术在电子档案管理中的适用性和应用展望[J].档案管理,2017(3):18-19.
[5]赖雯,郑杨帆.区块链技术在电子档案安全管理中的应用[J].现代经济信息,2018(11):14-15.
[6]潘虹,王子鹏.区块链技术对社交媒体信息归档的应用探究[J].中国档案,2018(6):74-77.
[7]王箐.运用区块链技术管理非物质文化遗产档案探析[J].兰台内外,2018(4):10-11.
[8]张倩.区块链技术对高校档案信息管理方式创新的可行性探究[J].档案与建设,2017(12):21-24.
[9]黄永刚.基于区块链技术的电子健康档案安全建设[J]中华医学图书情报杂志,2016,25(10):38-40+46.
[10]袁玉堂,李晓森,刘智勇.基于区块链技术电子健康档案信息系统设计的探讨[J].中国卫生信息管理杂志,2018,15(2):161-165.
[11]庄伟萍.区块链技术在电子健康档案管理中的应用探讨[J].厦门科技,2017(4):34-36.
[13][36][40]Hofman D A.Executive Summary:Blockchain Technology and Archives[EB/Ol].(2018-09-29)https://ischoolblogs.sjsu.edu/blockchains/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Hofman-National-Blockchain-ForumExecutive-Summary.docx.
[18]ARCHANGEL.About ARCHANGEL[EB/Ol].(2018-09-18)https://archangel-dlt.github.io/about/.
[19][25][27][31][32][34]Collomosse J,Bui T,Brown A,et al.ARCHANGEL:Trusted Archives of Digital Public Documents[J].arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.08342,2018.
[21]张孝荣,杨思磊等.区块链方案白皮书:打造数字经济时代信任基石[R].深圳:腾讯研究院,2017.
[22][26]韩璇,刘亚敏.区块链技术中的共识机制研究[J]信息网络安全,2017(9):147-152.
[23]蒋勇,文延,嘉文.白话区块链[M].北京:北京华章图文信息有限公司,2017.
[24]邵奇峰,金澈清,张召,钱卫宁,周傲英.区块链技术:架构及进展[J].计算机学报,2018,41(5):969-988.
[28]Naumoff A.Clover,译.为什么区块链需要“权威证明”取代“权益证明”[EB/Ol].[2017-04-28](2018-09-26)http://chainb.com/?P=Cont&id=4283.
[29]ARCHANGEL.ARCHANGEL Private Ethereum Network[EB/Ol].[2018-06-20](2018-09-26)https://archangel-dlt.github.io/article/2018/06/20/archangelprivate-ethereum-network.html.
[30]微软在Azure上推出“权威证明”以太坊共识机制[EB/Ol].[2018-08-11](2018-09-26)https://www.jinse.com/blockchain/225997.html.
[33]The National Archives.File Profiling Tool(DROID)[EB/Ol].(2018-09-26)http://www.nationalarchives.gov uk/information-management/manage-information/policyprocess/digital-continuity/file-profiling-tool-droid/.
[35]钱毅.基于OAIS的数字档案资源长期保存认证策略研究[J].档案学研究,2018(4):72-77.
[37]Surrey Blockchain.ARCHANGEL Project Summary[EB/Ol].[2018-09-25]http://blockchain.surrey.ac.uk/projects/archangel.html.
[38]Recordkeeping Roundtable.Recordkeeping Roundcasts Episode 2:Project ARCHANGEL and distributed ledger experimentation[EB/Ol].(2018-08-09)[2018-09-26]https://rkroundtable.org/2018/08/09/recordkeeping-roundcasts-episode-2-projectarchangel-and-distributed-ledger-experimentation/.
[39]工业和信息化部科技司.全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化技术委员会筹建方案公示[EB/Ol].(2018-06-28)[2018-09-30]http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c6237840/content.html.
[41]韩海庭,孙圣力,傅文仁.区块链时代的社会管理危机与对策建议[J].电子政务,2018(9):95-10