情绪与性别对医疗风险决策的影响
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摘要
目的:探讨情绪与性别对医疗风险决策框架效应的影响。方法:结合使用眼动追踪技术与情绪启动范式,采用3(组别:厌恶、平静、愉悦)×2(性别:男、女)×2(框架类型:正性、负性)的混合实验设计进行实验。结果:不同框架下个体的决策差异有统计学意义(F=12.27,P<0.01),不同性别的决策差异有统计学意义(F=6.01,P<0.05);情绪启动在决策选择、注视时间与注视次数上的主效应均无统计学意义(P>0.05),性别在注视时间与注视次数上的主效应均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:框架类型与决策概率(数字)在一定程度上影响了个体决策时的认知加工过程与最终的决策选择,但这一认知过程受情绪与性别的影响并不明显;虽然情绪对个体决策行为的影响不明显,但性别会影响个体的决策行为。
Objective:To investigate influence of gender and emotion on medical risk decision-making.Methods:Combined with eye movement tracking technique and emotional priming paradigm,a 3(groups:aversion,calm,pleasure)× 2(sex:male,female)×2(frame type:positive,negative)factorial experiment were used to conduct the experiment.Results:The individual decision had statistical significance in different frame(F=12.27,P<0.01),Gender differences were statistically significant in decision-making(F=6.01,P<0.05);The main effects of emotional start on decision selection,fixation time and fixation times were not statistically significant(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference between the main effect of gazing time and the number of fixations(P>0.05).Conclusion:The frame type and decision probability(number)influence the cognitive process and the final decision choice to some extent,but this cognitive process is not influenced by emotion and gender;Although the influence of emotion on individual decision-making behavior is not obvious,gender affects individual's decision-making behavior.
Objective:To investigate influence of gender and emotion on medical risk decision-making.Methods:Combined with eye movement tracking technique and emotional priming paradigm,a 3(groups:aversion,calm,pleasure)× 2(sex:male,female)×2(frame type:positive,negative)factorial experiment were used to conduct the experiment.Results:The individual decision had statistical significance in different frame(F=12.27,P<0.01),Gender differences were statistically significant in decision-making(F=6.01,P<0.05);The main effects of emotional start on decision selection,fixation time and fixation times were not statistically significant(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference between the main effect of gazing time and the number of fixations(P>0.05).Conclusion:The frame type and decision probability(number)influence the cognitive process and the final decision choice to some extent,but this cognitive process is not influenced by emotion and gender;Although the influence of emotion on individual decision-making behavior is not obvious,gender affects individual's decision-making behavior.
引文
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[15]Wang Xiaoyan,The influence of personality and emotion on risk decision of college students[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2014,22(12):1804-1087
[16]徐四华.趋近和回避动机情绪对不确定性决策的影响[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2015,24(9):830-834
[17]王光荣,朱凡钰.情绪、性别和方案数量对危机决策的影响[J].心理科学,2013,36(1):188-193
[18]Liting,Zhou Hongwei,Weiqing.et al.Eye movement study on the influence of temperament types on emotional information attention bias[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2017,25(1):130-135
[19]Ho H F.The effects of controlling visual attention to handbags for women in online shops:Evidence from eye movements[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2014,30(1):146-152
[20]Tversky A,Kahneman D.The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice[J].Science,1981,211(4481):453-458
[21]汪祚军,李纾.对整合模型和占优启发式模型的检验:基于信息加工过程的眼动研究证据[J].心理学报,2012,44(2):179-198
[22]De Martino B,Kumaran D,Seymour B,et al.Frames,biases,and rational decision-making in the human brain[J].Science,2006,313(5787):684-687
[23]Zhang Yuqun,Wang Xiaojun.The influence of college students'emotion and emotional Intelligence on risk decision[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2013,21(6):926-928
[24]周湛菁.性别、情绪效价和情绪唤醒度对风险决策的影响[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016
[25]吴兴启,代迎菊,马慧娟,等.偏头痛患者的跨时决策研究[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2017,26(3):226-231
[2]徐富明,史燕伟,王伟,等.情绪影响框架效应的眼动研究初探[J].应用心理学,2015,21(2):154-157
[3]宋之杰,王小辉,尚俊辰,等.基于眼动追踪实验的焦虑情绪对风险决策框架效应的影响研究[J].科技与管理,2015,17(1):30-31
[4]Pu B,Peng H,Xia S.Role of emotion and cognition on age differences in the framing effect[J].International Journal of Aging&Human Development,2017,85(3):305-325
[5]Kim S,Goldstein D,Hasher L,et al.Framing effects in younger and older adults[J].The Journals of Gerontology,2005,60(4),215-218
[6]徐四华,方杰.应激影响风险决策的研究进展[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2014,23(12):1138-1140
[7]宋灵青,李玉环,刘儒德.情绪与认知方式对决策的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):117-120
[8]Roidl E,Frehse B,Hoger R.Emotional states of drivers and the impact on speed,acceleration and traffic violations-A simulator study[J].AccidAnalPrev,2014,70(5):282-292
[9]Taubmanbenari O.The effects of positive emotion priming on self-reported reckless driving[J].Accid Anal Prev,2012,45(2):718-725
[10]Cassotti M,Habib M,Poirel N,et al.Positive emotional context eliminates the framing effect in decision-making[J].Emotion,2012,12(5),926-931
[11]张云翌,杨乃定.决策者情绪对应急决策的影响研究:一个理论框架[J].情报杂志,2015,34(10):65-70
[12]Jingjie W U,Yang N,Feng C,et al.The effects of emotion on risk preference and framing effect under emergency[J].Chinese Journal of Management,2016,13(6):906-912
[13]Lu J,Yang N,Ye J,et al.Differential effects of specific negative emotions on individual risk preference behaviors under social accidents:An analysis from the perspective of affective computing theory[J].Revista De Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala,2017,50(2015):172-192
[14]Ma Q,Pei G,Wang K.Influence of negative emotion on the framing effect:Evidence from event-related potentials[J].Neuro Report,2015,26(6),325-332
[15]Wang Xiaoyan,The influence of personality and emotion on risk decision of college students[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2014,22(12):1804-1087
[16]徐四华.趋近和回避动机情绪对不确定性决策的影响[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2015,24(9):830-834
[17]王光荣,朱凡钰.情绪、性别和方案数量对危机决策的影响[J].心理科学,2013,36(1):188-193
[18]Liting,Zhou Hongwei,Weiqing.et al.Eye movement study on the influence of temperament types on emotional information attention bias[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2017,25(1):130-135
[19]Ho H F.The effects of controlling visual attention to handbags for women in online shops:Evidence from eye movements[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2014,30(1):146-152
[20]Tversky A,Kahneman D.The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice[J].Science,1981,211(4481):453-458
[21]汪祚军,李纾.对整合模型和占优启发式模型的检验:基于信息加工过程的眼动研究证据[J].心理学报,2012,44(2):179-198
[22]De Martino B,Kumaran D,Seymour B,et al.Frames,biases,and rational decision-making in the human brain[J].Science,2006,313(5787):684-687
[23]Zhang Yuqun,Wang Xiaojun.The influence of college students'emotion and emotional Intelligence on risk decision[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,2013,21(6):926-928
[24]周湛菁.性别、情绪效价和情绪唤醒度对风险决策的影响[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016
[25]吴兴启,代迎菊,马慧娟,等.偏头痛患者的跨时决策研究[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2017,26(3):226-231