硅油对视神经的毒性作用
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摘要
硅油作为一种安全有效的长期玻璃体替代物(vitreous substitute,VS),已有50余年的应用历史。目前临床上广泛应用于严重眼外伤和各种复杂玻璃体视网膜疾病的手术患者,改善了一些以往不可治愈眼的预后。关于硅油长期滞留玻璃体腔带来的一系列毒性作用备受关注,本文根据硅油的理化性质,针对硅油填充后对视神经的影响及其机制进行综述。
?Silicone oil has been used as a safe and effective long-term vitreous substitute(VS) for more than 50 years. Clinically, it is currently widely used in surgical patients with severe ocular trauma and various complex vitreoretinal diseases, which has improved the prognosis of some previously incurable eye diseases. A series of toxic effects caused by the long-term retention of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity have attracted great attention. Based on the physicochemical properties of silicone oil, this review will analyze and summarize the toxic effects of silicone oil on the optic nerve, as well as its mechanism.
?Silicone oil has been used as a safe and effective long-term vitreous substitute(VS) for more than 50 years. Clinically, it is currently widely used in surgical patients with severe ocular trauma and various complex vitreoretinal diseases, which has improved the prognosis of some previously incurable eye diseases. A series of toxic effects caused by the long-term retention of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity have attracted great attention. Based on the physicochemical properties of silicone oil, this review will analyze and summarize the toxic effects of silicone oil on the optic nerve, as well as its mechanism.
引文
1 Cibis PA,Becker B,Okun E,et al.The use of liquid silicone in retinal detachment surgery.Arch Ophthalmol 1962;8(5):590-599
2 Schwartz SG,Flynn Jr HW,Lee WH,et al.Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2:CD006126
3 Rhatigan M,McElnea E,Murtagh P,et al.Final anatomic and visual outcomes appear independent of duration of silicone oil intraocular tamponade in complex retinal detachment surgery.Int J Ophthalmol 2018;11(1):83
4 Federman JL,Schubert HD.Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in 150 eyes after retina-vitreous surgery.Ophthalmology 1988;95(7):870-876
5 Inoue M,Iriyama A,Kadonosono K,et al.Effects of perfluorocarbon liquids and silicone oil on human retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal ganglion cells.Retina 2009;29(5):677-681
6 Miller JB,Papakostas TD,Vavvas DG.Complications of emulsified silicone oil after retinal detachment repair.Semin Ophthalmol 2014;29(5-6):312-318
7 Kawaguchi M.Silicone oil emulsions stabilized by polymers and solid particles.Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016;233:186-199
8 Herbert EN,Habib M,Steel D,et al.Central scotoma associated with intraocular silicone oil tamponade develops before oil removal.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006;244(2):248
9 Grzybowski A,Pieczynski J,Ascaso FJ.Neuronal complications of intravitreal silicone oil:an updated review.Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92(3):201-204
10 Morphis G,Irigoyen C,Eleuteri A,et al.Retrospective review of 50 eyes with long-term silicone oil tamponade for more than 12 months.Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol 2012;250(5):645-652
11 Barca F,Caporossi T,Rizzo S.Silicone oil:different physical proprieties and clinical applications.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:502143
12 Camilla A,Claudio P,De SU,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:Old and New Materials in Vitreoretinal Surgery.J Ophthalmol 2017;2017:3172138
13 Foster WJ.Vitreous substitutes.Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2008;3(2):211-218
14 Kleinberg TT,Tzekov RT,Stein L,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:A Comprehensive Review.Surv Ophthalmol 2011;56(4):300-323
15 Donati S,Caprani SM,Airaghi G,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:The Present and the Future.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:351804
16 Yeo JH,Glaser BM,Michels RG.Silicone Oil in the Treatment of Complicated Retinal Detachments.Ophthalmology 1987;94(9):1109-1113
17 Rizzo S,Genovesi-Ebert F,Belting C,et al.A pilot study on the use of silicone oil-RMN3 as heavier-than-water endotamponade agent.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243(11):1153-1157
18梁雪梅,李婧婧,秦斌.改良23G玻璃体切除手术后早期高眼压的危险因素分析.国际眼科杂志 2014;14(9):1649-1651
19 Partenhauser A,Netsomboon K,Sousa IPD,et al.Preactivated silicone oil as potential long-term vitreous replacement with nonemulsifying properties.J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017;105(3):551-559
20 Toklu Y,Cakmak HB,Ergun SB,et al.Time course of silicone oil emulsification.Retina 2012;32(10):2039-2044
21 Saitoh A,Taniguchi H,Gong H,et al.Long-term effect on optic nerve of silicone oil tamponade in rabbits:histological and EDXA findings.Eye 2002;16(2):171-176
22 Kampik A,Gandorfer A.Silicone Oil Removal Strategies.Semin Ophthalmol 2000;15(2):88-91
23段文华,吴敏.玻璃体腔填充硅油对视网膜与视神经的影响.中华眼底病杂志 2015;31(6):614-616
24 Kim H,Hong HS,Park J,et al.Intracranial Migration of Intravitreal Silicone Oil:A Case Report.Clin Neuroradiol 2016;26(1):93-95
25 Shanmugam MP,Gopal S,Reddy R,et al.Silicone Oil in Optic Chiasm:Case Report and Review of the Literature.J Vitreo Retinal Diseases 2017;1(4):270-277
26 Lo DM,Flaxel CJ,Fawzi AA.Macular Effects of Silicone Oil Tamponade:Optical Coherence Tomography Findings During and After Silicone Oil Removal.Curr Eye Res 2017;42(1):98-103
27 Christensen UC,la Cour M.Visual loss after use of intraocular silicone oil associated with thinning of inner retinal layers.Acta Ophthalmol 2012;90(8):733-737
28 Shalchi Z,Mahroo OA,Shunmugam M,et al.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in long-term silicone oil-related visual loss.Retina 2015;35(3):555-563
29 Papp A,Kiss EB,Timar O,et al.Long-term exposure of the rabbit eye to silicone oil causes optic nerve atrophy.Brain Res Bull 2007;74(1-3):130-133
30 Guizzo R,Paques MW,Anhezini L,et al.Neuroprotective Effects of Oral Lamotrigine Administration on Rabbit Retinas After Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Injection.Retina 2008;28(4):638-644
31 Caramoy A,Droege KM,Kirchhof B,et al.Retinal layers measurements in healthy eyes and in eyes receiving silicone oil-based endotamponade.Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92(4):292-297
32 Gonvers M,Hornung JP,Courten CD.The Effect of Liquid Silicone on the Rabbit Retina:Histologic and Ultrastructural Study.Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104(7):1057-1062
33 Jain N,Ii MC,Mruthyunjaya P.Unanticipated Vision Loss After Pars Plana Vitrectomy.Surv Ophthalmol 2012;57(2):91-104
34 Wickham LJ,Asaria RH,Alexander R,et al.Immunopathology of intraocular silicone oil:retina and epiretinal membranes.Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91(2):258-262
35 Nakazawa T,Kayama M,Ryu M,et al.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates photoreceptor death in a rodent model of retinal detachment.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(3):1384-1391
36 Morescalchi F,Costagliola C,Duse S,et al.Heavy Silicone Oil and Intraocular Inflammation.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:574825
37 Bingsheng L,Zhaohui Y,Liwen H,et al.The Changes of Retinal Saturation after Long-Term Tamponade with Silicone Oil.Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:1-7
38 Matic S,Suic SP,Biuk D,et al.Influence of silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy on intraocular pressure.Coll Antropol 2013;37 Suppl 1:227-235
39 Al-Jazzaf AM,Netland PA,Charles S.Incidence and management of elevated intraocular pressure after silicone oil injection.J Glaucoma 2005;14(1):40
40 Sugiura Y,Okamoto F,Okamoto Y,et al.Contrast sensitivity and foveal microstructure following vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55(11):7594-7600
41刘娅利,胡玉章,陈晓明.玻璃体视网膜手术后早期眼压变化的规律性.国际眼科杂志 2007;7(1):109-111
42黄欣,赵培泉,徐格致,等.复杂性视网膜脱离硅油注入手术后视神经萎缩多因素回归分析.中华眼底病杂志 2006;22(5):305-307
43 Williams PD,Fuller CG,Scott IU,et al.Vision loss associated with the use and removal of intraocular silicone oil.Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2(4):955-959
44 Knecht P,Groscurth PU,Laeng H,et al.Is silicone oil optic neuropathy caused by high intraocular pressure alone?A semi-biological model.Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91(10):1293
2 Schwartz SG,Flynn Jr HW,Lee WH,et al.Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2:CD006126
3 Rhatigan M,McElnea E,Murtagh P,et al.Final anatomic and visual outcomes appear independent of duration of silicone oil intraocular tamponade in complex retinal detachment surgery.Int J Ophthalmol 2018;11(1):83
4 Federman JL,Schubert HD.Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in 150 eyes after retina-vitreous surgery.Ophthalmology 1988;95(7):870-876
5 Inoue M,Iriyama A,Kadonosono K,et al.Effects of perfluorocarbon liquids and silicone oil on human retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal ganglion cells.Retina 2009;29(5):677-681
6 Miller JB,Papakostas TD,Vavvas DG.Complications of emulsified silicone oil after retinal detachment repair.Semin Ophthalmol 2014;29(5-6):312-318
7 Kawaguchi M.Silicone oil emulsions stabilized by polymers and solid particles.Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016;233:186-199
8 Herbert EN,Habib M,Steel D,et al.Central scotoma associated with intraocular silicone oil tamponade develops before oil removal.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006;244(2):248
9 Grzybowski A,Pieczynski J,Ascaso FJ.Neuronal complications of intravitreal silicone oil:an updated review.Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92(3):201-204
10 Morphis G,Irigoyen C,Eleuteri A,et al.Retrospective review of 50 eyes with long-term silicone oil tamponade for more than 12 months.Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol 2012;250(5):645-652
11 Barca F,Caporossi T,Rizzo S.Silicone oil:different physical proprieties and clinical applications.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:502143
12 Camilla A,Claudio P,De SU,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:Old and New Materials in Vitreoretinal Surgery.J Ophthalmol 2017;2017:3172138
13 Foster WJ.Vitreous substitutes.Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2008;3(2):211-218
14 Kleinberg TT,Tzekov RT,Stein L,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:A Comprehensive Review.Surv Ophthalmol 2011;56(4):300-323
15 Donati S,Caprani SM,Airaghi G,et al.Vitreous Substitutes:The Present and the Future.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:351804
16 Yeo JH,Glaser BM,Michels RG.Silicone Oil in the Treatment of Complicated Retinal Detachments.Ophthalmology 1987;94(9):1109-1113
17 Rizzo S,Genovesi-Ebert F,Belting C,et al.A pilot study on the use of silicone oil-RMN3 as heavier-than-water endotamponade agent.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243(11):1153-1157
18梁雪梅,李婧婧,秦斌.改良23G玻璃体切除手术后早期高眼压的危险因素分析.国际眼科杂志 2014;14(9):1649-1651
19 Partenhauser A,Netsomboon K,Sousa IPD,et al.Preactivated silicone oil as potential long-term vitreous replacement with nonemulsifying properties.J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017;105(3):551-559
20 Toklu Y,Cakmak HB,Ergun SB,et al.Time course of silicone oil emulsification.Retina 2012;32(10):2039-2044
21 Saitoh A,Taniguchi H,Gong H,et al.Long-term effect on optic nerve of silicone oil tamponade in rabbits:histological and EDXA findings.Eye 2002;16(2):171-176
22 Kampik A,Gandorfer A.Silicone Oil Removal Strategies.Semin Ophthalmol 2000;15(2):88-91
23段文华,吴敏.玻璃体腔填充硅油对视网膜与视神经的影响.中华眼底病杂志 2015;31(6):614-616
24 Kim H,Hong HS,Park J,et al.Intracranial Migration of Intravitreal Silicone Oil:A Case Report.Clin Neuroradiol 2016;26(1):93-95
25 Shanmugam MP,Gopal S,Reddy R,et al.Silicone Oil in Optic Chiasm:Case Report and Review of the Literature.J Vitreo Retinal Diseases 2017;1(4):270-277
26 Lo DM,Flaxel CJ,Fawzi AA.Macular Effects of Silicone Oil Tamponade:Optical Coherence Tomography Findings During and After Silicone Oil Removal.Curr Eye Res 2017;42(1):98-103
27 Christensen UC,la Cour M.Visual loss after use of intraocular silicone oil associated with thinning of inner retinal layers.Acta Ophthalmol 2012;90(8):733-737
28 Shalchi Z,Mahroo OA,Shunmugam M,et al.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in long-term silicone oil-related visual loss.Retina 2015;35(3):555-563
29 Papp A,Kiss EB,Timar O,et al.Long-term exposure of the rabbit eye to silicone oil causes optic nerve atrophy.Brain Res Bull 2007;74(1-3):130-133
30 Guizzo R,Paques MW,Anhezini L,et al.Neuroprotective Effects of Oral Lamotrigine Administration on Rabbit Retinas After Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Injection.Retina 2008;28(4):638-644
31 Caramoy A,Droege KM,Kirchhof B,et al.Retinal layers measurements in healthy eyes and in eyes receiving silicone oil-based endotamponade.Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92(4):292-297
32 Gonvers M,Hornung JP,Courten CD.The Effect of Liquid Silicone on the Rabbit Retina:Histologic and Ultrastructural Study.Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104(7):1057-1062
33 Jain N,Ii MC,Mruthyunjaya P.Unanticipated Vision Loss After Pars Plana Vitrectomy.Surv Ophthalmol 2012;57(2):91-104
34 Wickham LJ,Asaria RH,Alexander R,et al.Immunopathology of intraocular silicone oil:retina and epiretinal membranes.Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91(2):258-262
35 Nakazawa T,Kayama M,Ryu M,et al.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates photoreceptor death in a rodent model of retinal detachment.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(3):1384-1391
36 Morescalchi F,Costagliola C,Duse S,et al.Heavy Silicone Oil and Intraocular Inflammation.Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:574825
37 Bingsheng L,Zhaohui Y,Liwen H,et al.The Changes of Retinal Saturation after Long-Term Tamponade with Silicone Oil.Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:1-7
38 Matic S,Suic SP,Biuk D,et al.Influence of silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy on intraocular pressure.Coll Antropol 2013;37 Suppl 1:227-235
39 Al-Jazzaf AM,Netland PA,Charles S.Incidence and management of elevated intraocular pressure after silicone oil injection.J Glaucoma 2005;14(1):40
40 Sugiura Y,Okamoto F,Okamoto Y,et al.Contrast sensitivity and foveal microstructure following vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55(11):7594-7600
41刘娅利,胡玉章,陈晓明.玻璃体视网膜手术后早期眼压变化的规律性.国际眼科杂志 2007;7(1):109-111
42黄欣,赵培泉,徐格致,等.复杂性视网膜脱离硅油注入手术后视神经萎缩多因素回归分析.中华眼底病杂志 2006;22(5):305-307
43 Williams PD,Fuller CG,Scott IU,et al.Vision loss associated with the use and removal of intraocular silicone oil.Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2(4):955-959
44 Knecht P,Groscurth PU,Laeng H,et al.Is silicone oil optic neuropathy caused by high intraocular pressure alone?A semi-biological model.Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91(10):1293