基于场景模拟法和心率变异性时域分析法对护生人格特质与心理应激强度的相关性研究
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摘要
[目的]分析人格特质与心理应激强度之间的关系,为护士灾害救援人员选派、急救工作入职筛选、职位分析提供有意义的参考。[方法]2018年1月—4月,采用方便抽样方法从西安某医学专科院校抽取护生68人,进行生理指标监测和人格特质测定。人格特质测量采用卡特尔16种个性因素量表(16PF);试验采用实时监测法和场景模拟法,设置3种不同的压力源场景组织护生进行相关操作。通过佩戴相关仪器捕捉操作者的基本生理指标、心率、皮肤温度和皮肤电阻,应用心率变异性(HRV)时域分析法对研究对象的心率变异性进行分析,得出时域分析相关指标。采用重复测量方差分析法,对不同时期和不同人格特质强度之间的交互作用进行分析。[结果]在6种可能与应激相关的人格特质中,稳定性、兴奋性和紧张性特质与心理应激强度存在交互作用,人格特质高分组、中分组、低分组各项生理指标的分析结果显示,"应激水平"与"分组"的交互作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]情绪稳定、沉着、冷静、低兴奋的人在现场救援或急救工作中更有优势,在应激场景下生理指标波动更小,调节能力更强。
Objective:To analyze the relationship between personality traits and psychological stress intensity,so as to provide meaningful references for the selection of disaster relief personnel,first-aid job screening and job analysis among nurses.Methods:From January to April 2018,68 nursing students were selected from a medical college in Xi′an by convenient sampling method.And physiological indicators were monitored and personality traits were determined among them.Cattell′s 16 Personality Factor Scale(16PF) was used to measure personality traits.The real time monitoring method and scene simulation method were used in the experiment,and three different pressure source scenarios were set up.Research objects were organized nursing students to carry out related operations.By wearing related instrument,operators′ basic physiological indexes,heart rates,skin temperatures and skin resistances were captured.And time domain analysis of heart rate variability(HRV) was used to analyze heart rate variability of objects.It was concluded that indexes related to time domain analysis.Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction between different periods and different intensity of personality traits.Results:In 6 kinds of personality traits that may be associated with stress, there were interactions between stability,excitement,tension and psychological stress intensity.Analysis results of physiological indicators in the high score group,middle score group and low score group of personality traits showed that the difference of interaction between "stress levels" and "grouping" was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:People with stable,cool,calm and low excitement have more advantages in the field rescue or first-aid work.They have less physiological index fluctuation and stronger adjustment ability in the stressful situation.
Objective:To analyze the relationship between personality traits and psychological stress intensity,so as to provide meaningful references for the selection of disaster relief personnel,first-aid job screening and job analysis among nurses.Methods:From January to April 2018,68 nursing students were selected from a medical college in Xi′an by convenient sampling method.And physiological indicators were monitored and personality traits were determined among them.Cattell′s 16 Personality Factor Scale(16PF) was used to measure personality traits.The real time monitoring method and scene simulation method were used in the experiment,and three different pressure source scenarios were set up.Research objects were organized nursing students to carry out related operations.By wearing related instrument,operators′ basic physiological indexes,heart rates,skin temperatures and skin resistances were captured.And time domain analysis of heart rate variability(HRV) was used to analyze heart rate variability of objects.It was concluded that indexes related to time domain analysis.Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction between different periods and different intensity of personality traits.Results:In 6 kinds of personality traits that may be associated with stress, there were interactions between stability,excitement,tension and psychological stress intensity.Analysis results of physiological indicators in the high score group,middle score group and low score group of personality traits showed that the difference of interaction between "stress levels" and "grouping" was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:People with stable,cool,calm and low excitement have more advantages in the field rescue or first-aid work.They have less physiological index fluctuation and stronger adjustment ability in the stressful situation.
引文
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[2] KIMBLE,DARCEL G.Hospice and palliative nurses association members provide disaster relief nursing care to Katrina victims[J].Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing,2005,7(6):311-313.
[3] CHOE M A,KUWANO N,BANG K S,et al.Japanese and Korean nursing students′ motivation for joining disaster relief activities as nurses in the future[J].Journal of Trauma Nursing the Official Journal of the Society of Trauma Nurses,2017,24(3):208.
[4] RAVEIS V H,VANDEVANTER N,KOVNER C T,et al.Enabling a disaster-resilient workforce:attending to individual stress and collective trauma[J].J Nurs Scholarsh,2017(6):653-660.
[5] 杨国愉,晏玲,张晶轩.赴利比里亚抗击埃博拉军人心理健康需求特点及心理干预研究[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2017,43(2):114-119.
[6] 杜娟,王艳.非战争军事行动中护理人员应具备的素质[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2010,17(11):1088-1089.
[7] 任辉,宫海燕,杨国愉,等.军事应激条件下军队医院护士心理健康状况与其应对方式、社会支持的相关性研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2005,27(9):813-816.
[8] 宋之杰,陈海强,臧刚顺,等.人格特质对武警战士创伤后应激反应影响中介因素研究[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(3):297-302.
[9] POOLTON J M,WILSON M R,MALHOTRA N.A comparison of evaluation,time pressure,and multitasking as stressors of psychomotor operative performance[J].Surgery,2011,149(6):776-782.
[10] 潘园,金彩香,齐星亮.不同工作岗位护士工作应激源与头发皮质醇的关联性研究[J].护理研究,2016,30(12B):4451-4453.
[11] MCKENZIE J E.Integration of multiple physiological signals to evaluate the human body′s response to an environmental challenge[J].Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soci,2009,2009:6882-6884.
[12] 任兆生,欧阳骅.高温、振动、噪声复合应激时人体体温调节改变及数学模型[J].工业卫生与职业病,1996,22(1):5-7.
[13] 王正,姚云云,张红静,等.大学生皮肤电阻实验设计与研究[J].中华医学教育探索杂志,2005,4(3):153-154.
[14] TIHANYI B T,FERENTZI E,K?TELES F.Characteristics of attention-related body sensations.Temporal stability and associations with measures of body focus,affect,sustained attention,and heart rate variability[J].Somatosensory & Motor Research,2017,34(3):1-6.
[15] SZTAJZEL J.Heart rate variability:a noninvasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system[J].Swiss Medical Weekly,2004,134(35/36):514-522.
[16] KIYONO K,HAYANO J,WATANABE E,et al.Heart rate variability (HRV) and sympathetic nerve activity[M].Japan:Springer,2017:147-161.
[17] ERNST G.HRV and alterations in the vegetative nervous system[M].London:Springer,2014:119-128.
[18] 宋涛,袁春平,吴钰祥,等.HRV应用于运动性疲劳判断实验教学的探究[J].实验室科学,2017,20(2):8-11.
[19] HADDEN W C,KRAVETS N,MUNTANER C.Descriptive dimensions of US occupations with data from the O*NET[J].Social Science Research,2004,33(1):64-78.
[20] 刘玉凡,王二平.大五人格与职务绩效的关系[J].心理科学进展,2000,18(3):73-80.