空投着陆缓冲气囊研究现状
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摘要
目的总结当前着陆缓冲气囊的国内外研究现状。方法介绍不同缓冲气囊的工作原理与优缺点,总结解析与有限元2种气囊性能的计算方法与性能参数优化方法的研究现状,以及气囊技术研究的发展方向。结果分析了各类缓冲气囊与性能参数计算方法的优缺点,总结了气囊技术待解决的问题。结论提高缓冲气囊的气压主动控制技术与着陆姿态控制技术可进一步提高气囊性能。
The work aims to summarize the current research status of the landing airbag. Firstly, the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of different cushioning airbags were introduced. Then, the calculation methods and performance parameter optimization methods of the two kinds of airbags in finite element analysis, as well as the development of airbag technology was summarized. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of cushion airbag and performance parameter calculation methods were analyzed, and the problems to be solved by airbag technology were summarized. In conclusion, improving pressure active control technology and landing attitude control technology can further improve airbag performance.
The work aims to summarize the current research status of the landing airbag. Firstly, the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of different cushioning airbags were introduced. Then, the calculation methods and performance parameter optimization methods of the two kinds of airbags in finite element analysis, as well as the development of airbag technology was summarized. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of cushion airbag and performance parameter calculation methods were analyzed, and the problems to be solved by airbag technology were summarized. In conclusion, improving pressure active control technology and landing attitude control technology can further improve airbag performance.
引文
[1]于成果,李良春.空投安全着陆的实现途径[J].包装工程,2007,28(10):144—146.YU Cheng-guo,LI Liang-chun.Ways of Airdrop Safety Landing[J].Packaging Engineering,2007,28(10):144—146.
[2]温金鹏,李斌,杨智春.缓冲气囊冲击减缓研究进展[J].宇航学报,2010,31(11):2438—2447.WEN Jin-peng,LI Bin,YANG Zhi-chun.Progress of Study on Impact Attenuation Capability of Airbag Cushion System[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(11):2438—2447.
[3]THURMAN S W.Return to the Red Planet:An Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission[C]//13th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference,1995:24—31.
[4]CADOGAN D,SANDY C,GRAHNE M.Development and Evaluation of the Mars Pathfinder Inflatable Airbag Landing System[J].Acta Astronautica,2002,50(10):633—640.
[5]COLE J K,WAYE D E.Bag:A Code for Predicting the Performance of a Gas Bag Impact Attenuation System for the Pathfinder Lander[R].Albuquerque:Sand,1993.
[6]文桂林,雷志华,尹建武,等.全向式多室连通气囊的缓冲特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(8):13—17.WEN Gui-lin,LEI Zhi-hua,YIN Jian-wu,et al.Cushion Characteristics of an Omni-directional and Multi-chamber Airbag[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(8):13—17.
[7]NORTHEY D,MORGAN C.Improved Inflatable Landing Systems for Low Cost Planetary Landers[J].Acta Astronautica,2006,59(8):726—733.
[8]邵志建,刘志扩.新型自充气囊研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2009,41(S):84—88.SHAO Zhi-jian,LIU Zhi-kuo.Study on New Self-Inflating Airbag[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2009,41(S):84—88.
[9]李建阳,王红岩,芮强,等.自充气式气囊缓冲特性试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(4):119—123.LI Jian-yang,WANG Hong-yan,RUI Qiang,et al.Tests for Cushioning Characteristics of a Self-inflating Airbag[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(4):119—123.
[10]刘守君,齐明思,黄宏胜,等.新型自充气式着陆缓冲气囊的理论分析与设计研究[J].包装工程,2015,36(1):107—110.LIU Shou-jun,QI Ming-si,HUANG Hong-sheng,et al.Theoretical Analysis and Design of a New Self-inflating Landing Cushion Airbag[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(1):107—110.
[11]TUTT B,SANDY C.Status of the Development of an Airbag Landing System for the Orion Crew Module[C]//20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar,2009:1—13.
[12]SLADE R,SHARP P,JONES R,et al.Analysis,Optimization and Probabilistic Assessment of an Airbag Landing System for the Exo Mars Space Mission[C]//11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference,2006.
[13]蔡文,李斌,温金鹏,等.无人机软着陆气囊缓冲特性研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(11):1867—1875.CAI Wen,LI Bin,WEN Jin-peng,et al.Research on Cushioning Characteristics of UAV Soft Landing Airbags[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(11):1867—1875.
[14]乐永祥.着陆缓冲气囊缓冲过程数值模拟和优化设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.LE Yong-xiang.Numerical Simulation and Optimal Design of the Process of Airbag Landing[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010.
[15]温金鹏,李斌,谭德伟,等.考虑织布弹性的软着陆气囊缓冲特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2010(2):79—83.WEN Jin-peng,LI Bin,TAN De-wei,et al.Cushioning Characteristics of a Soft Landing Airbag with Elastic Fabric[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010(2):79—83.
[16]吕哲源,王红岩,洪煌杰,等.空投设备气囊缓冲系统的缓冲特性分析与匹配方法[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2014,28(4):34—39.LYU Zhe-yuan,WANG Hong-yan,HONG Huang-jie,et al.Cushioning Properties Analysis and Matching Method of Airbag Cushioning System for Airdropped Equipment[J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2014,28(4):34—39.
[17]曲普,史锐,李锦红,等.空投着陆气囊缓冲系统环境适应性研究[J].包装工程,2015,36(13):64—68.QU Pu,SHI Rui,LI Jin-hong,et al.Cushioning Property and Environmental Adaptability of Airbag Landing System[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(13):64—68.
[18]牛四波,王红岩,迟宝山,等.重装回收系统双气室气囊缓冲特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(10):74—78.NIU Si-bo,WANG Hong-yan,CHI Bao-shan,et al.Cushioning Characteristics of Double-chamber Airbag for Heavy Equipment Recovery System[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(10):74—78.
[19]WANG J T.An Analytical Model for an Airbag with a Hybrid Inflator[J].ASME Crashworthiness Occupant Protection Transportation System,1995(3):467—497.
[20]WANG J T,NEFSK D J.A New CAL3D Airbag Inflation Model[C]//Congress and Exposition,General Motors Research Laboratories,Society of Automotive Engineers,1998.
[21]DONEA J,HUERTA A,PONTHOT J,et al.Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method[J].Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics,2004(1):1—25.
[22]OLOVSSON L.Corpuscular Method for Airbag Deployment Simulation[C]//6th European LS-DYNA Users'Conference,2007.
[23]TUTT B,SANDERS J,MYNENI S.Application of Optimization Software to Aid the Design of an Airbag Decelerator System[J].Biochemistry,2013,47(16):80—87.
[24]尹汉锋,文桂林,韩旭.空投设备缓冲气囊的优化设计[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(5):1325—1327.YIN Han-feng,WEN Gui-lin,HAN Xu.Optimal Design of Airbag Impact Attenuation System for Airdropping Equipment[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,20(5):1325—1327.
[25]文桂林,乐永祥,尹汉锋,等.双气室缓冲气囊多学科设计优化[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(7):27—31.WEN Gui-lin,LE Yong-xiang,YIN Han-feng,et al.Optimal Design of Double-chamber Airbag Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Technology[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2010,37(7):27—31.
[26]刘鑫,韩旭,刘桂萍.基于微型多目标遗传算法的气囊缓冲特性优化[J].中国机械工程,2009,20(15):1819—1823.LIU Xin,HAN Xu,LIU Gui-ping.Optimization of Cushion Characteristic of Airbag Based on Micro Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2009,20(15):1819—1823.
[27]马常亮,何欢,陈国平.气囊着陆缓冲系统的排气孔面积优化[J].航天返回与遥感,2009,30(4):6—10.MA Chang-liang,HE Huan,CHEN Guo-ping.The Optimization of Venting Area of Airbag Landing System[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2009,30(4):6—10.
[28]戈嗣诚,陈斐.智能气囊的冲击主动控制原理实验研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(6):600—603.GE Si-cheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental Study on Theory of Impact Active Control of Intelligent Airbag[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(6):600—603.
[29]戈嗣诚,陈斐.缓冲特性可控的智能气囊装置实验研究[J].振动工程学报,2004(4):5—9.GE Si-cheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental Study on Intelligent Airbag Device with Controllable Cushioning Characteristics[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004(4):5—9.
[30]李博,高树义.排气式气囊缓冲主动控制技术研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2016,37(3):39—47.LI Bo,GAO Shu-yi.Study of Active Airbag Vent Control Technology[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2016,37(3):39—47.
[31]LEE C K.Methods for Improved Airbag Performance for Airdrop[R].Natick:Army Natick Research,Development and Engineering Center,1992.
[32]LEE C,ROSATO N,LAI F.An Investigation of Improved Airbag Performance by Vent Control and Gas Injection[C]//11th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference,1991:455—464.
[33]唐晓慧,钱林方,汤建华,等.重装空投着陆缓冲稳定性分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(15):122—126.TANG Xiao-hui,QIAN Lin-fang,TANG Jian-hua,et al.Stability Analysis of a Soft Landing System for Heavy Cargo Airdrop[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(15):122—126.
[34]朱延波,陈卫,仝崇楼,等.一种新型空投用缓冲装置的设计[J].机械设计,2011,28(6):67—69.ZHU Yan-bo,CHEN Wei,TONG Chong-lou,et al.Design of a New Buffer Device for Paradropping[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,28(6):67—69.
[2]温金鹏,李斌,杨智春.缓冲气囊冲击减缓研究进展[J].宇航学报,2010,31(11):2438—2447.WEN Jin-peng,LI Bin,YANG Zhi-chun.Progress of Study on Impact Attenuation Capability of Airbag Cushion System[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(11):2438—2447.
[3]THURMAN S W.Return to the Red Planet:An Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission[C]//13th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference,1995:24—31.
[4]CADOGAN D,SANDY C,GRAHNE M.Development and Evaluation of the Mars Pathfinder Inflatable Airbag Landing System[J].Acta Astronautica,2002,50(10):633—640.
[5]COLE J K,WAYE D E.Bag:A Code for Predicting the Performance of a Gas Bag Impact Attenuation System for the Pathfinder Lander[R].Albuquerque:Sand,1993.
[6]文桂林,雷志华,尹建武,等.全向式多室连通气囊的缓冲特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(8):13—17.WEN Gui-lin,LEI Zhi-hua,YIN Jian-wu,et al.Cushion Characteristics of an Omni-directional and Multi-chamber Airbag[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(8):13—17.
[7]NORTHEY D,MORGAN C.Improved Inflatable Landing Systems for Low Cost Planetary Landers[J].Acta Astronautica,2006,59(8):726—733.
[8]邵志建,刘志扩.新型自充气囊研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2009,41(S):84—88.SHAO Zhi-jian,LIU Zhi-kuo.Study on New Self-Inflating Airbag[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2009,41(S):84—88.
[9]李建阳,王红岩,芮强,等.自充气式气囊缓冲特性试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(4):119—123.LI Jian-yang,WANG Hong-yan,RUI Qiang,et al.Tests for Cushioning Characteristics of a Self-inflating Airbag[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(4):119—123.
[10]刘守君,齐明思,黄宏胜,等.新型自充气式着陆缓冲气囊的理论分析与设计研究[J].包装工程,2015,36(1):107—110.LIU Shou-jun,QI Ming-si,HUANG Hong-sheng,et al.Theoretical Analysis and Design of a New Self-inflating Landing Cushion Airbag[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(1):107—110.
[11]TUTT B,SANDY C.Status of the Development of an Airbag Landing System for the Orion Crew Module[C]//20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar,2009:1—13.
[12]SLADE R,SHARP P,JONES R,et al.Analysis,Optimization and Probabilistic Assessment of an Airbag Landing System for the Exo Mars Space Mission[C]//11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference,2006.
[13]蔡文,李斌,温金鹏,等.无人机软着陆气囊缓冲特性研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(11):1867—1875.CAI Wen,LI Bin,WEN Jin-peng,et al.Research on Cushioning Characteristics of UAV Soft Landing Airbags[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(11):1867—1875.
[14]乐永祥.着陆缓冲气囊缓冲过程数值模拟和优化设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.LE Yong-xiang.Numerical Simulation and Optimal Design of the Process of Airbag Landing[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010.
[15]温金鹏,李斌,谭德伟,等.考虑织布弹性的软着陆气囊缓冲特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2010(2):79—83.WEN Jin-peng,LI Bin,TAN De-wei,et al.Cushioning Characteristics of a Soft Landing Airbag with Elastic Fabric[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010(2):79—83.
[16]吕哲源,王红岩,洪煌杰,等.空投设备气囊缓冲系统的缓冲特性分析与匹配方法[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2014,28(4):34—39.LYU Zhe-yuan,WANG Hong-yan,HONG Huang-jie,et al.Cushioning Properties Analysis and Matching Method of Airbag Cushioning System for Airdropped Equipment[J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2014,28(4):34—39.
[17]曲普,史锐,李锦红,等.空投着陆气囊缓冲系统环境适应性研究[J].包装工程,2015,36(13):64—68.QU Pu,SHI Rui,LI Jin-hong,et al.Cushioning Property and Environmental Adaptability of Airbag Landing System[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(13):64—68.
[18]牛四波,王红岩,迟宝山,等.重装回收系统双气室气囊缓冲特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(10):74—78.NIU Si-bo,WANG Hong-yan,CHI Bao-shan,et al.Cushioning Characteristics of Double-chamber Airbag for Heavy Equipment Recovery System[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(10):74—78.
[19]WANG J T.An Analytical Model for an Airbag with a Hybrid Inflator[J].ASME Crashworthiness Occupant Protection Transportation System,1995(3):467—497.
[20]WANG J T,NEFSK D J.A New CAL3D Airbag Inflation Model[C]//Congress and Exposition,General Motors Research Laboratories,Society of Automotive Engineers,1998.
[21]DONEA J,HUERTA A,PONTHOT J,et al.Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method[J].Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics,2004(1):1—25.
[22]OLOVSSON L.Corpuscular Method for Airbag Deployment Simulation[C]//6th European LS-DYNA Users'Conference,2007.
[23]TUTT B,SANDERS J,MYNENI S.Application of Optimization Software to Aid the Design of an Airbag Decelerator System[J].Biochemistry,2013,47(16):80—87.
[24]尹汉锋,文桂林,韩旭.空投设备缓冲气囊的优化设计[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(5):1325—1327.YIN Han-feng,WEN Gui-lin,HAN Xu.Optimal Design of Airbag Impact Attenuation System for Airdropping Equipment[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,20(5):1325—1327.
[25]文桂林,乐永祥,尹汉锋,等.双气室缓冲气囊多学科设计优化[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(7):27—31.WEN Gui-lin,LE Yong-xiang,YIN Han-feng,et al.Optimal Design of Double-chamber Airbag Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Technology[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2010,37(7):27—31.
[26]刘鑫,韩旭,刘桂萍.基于微型多目标遗传算法的气囊缓冲特性优化[J].中国机械工程,2009,20(15):1819—1823.LIU Xin,HAN Xu,LIU Gui-ping.Optimization of Cushion Characteristic of Airbag Based on Micro Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2009,20(15):1819—1823.
[27]马常亮,何欢,陈国平.气囊着陆缓冲系统的排气孔面积优化[J].航天返回与遥感,2009,30(4):6—10.MA Chang-liang,HE Huan,CHEN Guo-ping.The Optimization of Venting Area of Airbag Landing System[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2009,30(4):6—10.
[28]戈嗣诚,陈斐.智能气囊的冲击主动控制原理实验研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(6):600—603.GE Si-cheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental Study on Theory of Impact Active Control of Intelligent Airbag[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(6):600—603.
[29]戈嗣诚,陈斐.缓冲特性可控的智能气囊装置实验研究[J].振动工程学报,2004(4):5—9.GE Si-cheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental Study on Intelligent Airbag Device with Controllable Cushioning Characteristics[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004(4):5—9.
[30]李博,高树义.排气式气囊缓冲主动控制技术研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2016,37(3):39—47.LI Bo,GAO Shu-yi.Study of Active Airbag Vent Control Technology[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2016,37(3):39—47.
[31]LEE C K.Methods for Improved Airbag Performance for Airdrop[R].Natick:Army Natick Research,Development and Engineering Center,1992.
[32]LEE C,ROSATO N,LAI F.An Investigation of Improved Airbag Performance by Vent Control and Gas Injection[C]//11th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference,1991:455—464.
[33]唐晓慧,钱林方,汤建华,等.重装空投着陆缓冲稳定性分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(15):122—126.TANG Xiao-hui,QIAN Lin-fang,TANG Jian-hua,et al.Stability Analysis of a Soft Landing System for Heavy Cargo Airdrop[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(15):122—126.
[34]朱延波,陈卫,仝崇楼,等.一种新型空投用缓冲装置的设计[J].机械设计,2011,28(6):67—69.ZHU Yan-bo,CHEN Wei,TONG Chong-lou,et al.Design of a New Buffer Device for Paradropping[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,28(6):67—69.