笼养白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)夏、秋季行为节律
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摘要
为了解笼养白腹锦鸡夏秋季行为节律规律,于2016年6月、9月和10月对湖南省野生动物救护繁育中心笼养的6只白腹锦鸡采用瞬时扫描法开展行为节律研究,分别统计了白腹锦鸡夏、秋两季节行为的时间分配。观测期间共记录到白腹锦鸡行为16种,根据其行为的功能再归纳为运动、静止、取食、梳理和警觉5大类,其中以运动类行为比例最高。在夏季,静止类行为波动最剧烈,多数时间段中,运动类行为比例最大。相对夏季,5类行为秋季比例趋势更加平稳清晰,运动类行为依旧是发生最多的一类行为,静止类行为起伏还是最剧烈的。警觉类行为不突出,警觉行为占有比例偏少。本研究与之前的白腹锦鸡发情期时间分配研究结果相近,运动和静止是笼养白腹锦鸡发生较多的两类行为,不同的是本研究白腹锦鸡梳理类行为比例有明显上升。
To understand behavioral rhythms of captive Chrysolophus amherstiae in summer and autumn,we monitored the behavior of six captive individuals in Hunan Wild Animal Rescue and Breeding Center in June,September,and October,2016 by instantaneous scanning. We analyzed behavioral time allocation in summer and autumn. Based on their functions,sixteen types of behavior observed were classified into five categories,including exercise,resting,feeding,cleanup,and alert,with exercise being most frequently occurred. In summer,fluctuation of resting was the most tremendous,while proportion of exercise was the highest in most time periods.Compared with summer,the tendencies of five categories in autumn were smooth and distinct;however,exercise was also the most frequent and resting showed the most fluctuations. Alert was less prominent,with low proportion. The results in this study were similar to that of previous studies on time allocation in their reproductive cycles of C. amherstiae. Exercise and resting were the two kinds of behavior with the highest frequency for captive C. amherstiae. The difference between our finding and previous ones was that the proportion of cleanup increased obviously in this study.
To understand behavioral rhythms of captive Chrysolophus amherstiae in summer and autumn,we monitored the behavior of six captive individuals in Hunan Wild Animal Rescue and Breeding Center in June,September,and October,2016 by instantaneous scanning. We analyzed behavioral time allocation in summer and autumn. Based on their functions,sixteen types of behavior observed were classified into five categories,including exercise,resting,feeding,cleanup,and alert,with exercise being most frequently occurred. In summer,fluctuation of resting was the most tremendous,while proportion of exercise was the highest in most time periods.Compared with summer,the tendencies of five categories in autumn were smooth and distinct;however,exercise was also the most frequent and resting showed the most fluctuations. Alert was less prominent,with low proportion. The results in this study were similar to that of previous studies on time allocation in their reproductive cycles of C. amherstiae. Exercise and resting were the two kinds of behavior with the highest frequency for captive C. amherstiae. The difference between our finding and previous ones was that the proportion of cleanup increased obviously in this study.
引文
艾怀森.2006.高黎贡山地区雉类多样性及其保护.动物学研究,27(4):427-432.
段酬苍,赵运林,李立.等.2016.救助小天鹅越冬期行为节律研究.野生动物学报,37(3):216-220.
方曦,程华信.1981.白腹锦鸡的结核病.野生动物,(1):44-45.
贾陈喜,郑光美,周小平.等.2003.卧龙血雉繁殖期行为特征分析.动物学杂志,38(1):37-40.
蒋志刚.2000.麋鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统.兽类学报,20(1):1-12.
兰存子,刘振生,王爱善.等.2011.圈养马来熊行为节律和时间分配的季节变化.生态学报,31(16):4689-4698.
李树荣,罗富成,李荫绿.等.1998.白腹锦鸡的寄生蠕虫动物学杂志,(1):6-9.
廖嘉欣,赵运林,徐正刚.等.2015.洞庭湖小天鹅越冬中期行为节律研究.西南林业大学学报,(6):85-91.
刘鹏,黄晓凤,顾署生.等.2012.江西官山自然保护区四种雉类的生境选择差异.动物学研究,33(2):170-176.
刘选珍,李洪文,余建秋.等.2012.三种圈养雉类的行为比较研究.野生动物学报,33(4):191-195.
陆源,杨岚,王达瑞.等.1992.白腹锦鸡机体营养成分的分析与探讨.动物学研究,13(1):67-71.
吕慎金,杨燕,刘宇庆.等.2008.圈养条件下梅花鹿初夏昼间行为节律.家畜生态学报,29(1):77-82.
尚玉昌.2006.动物的行为节律.生物学通报,41(10):8-10.
沈啸远,刘洁,金斌松.等.2016.鄱阳湖越冬鹤鹬的日间行为节律.四川动物,35(6):810-817.
王楠,郑光美,McGowan PJK.2012.四川西部神山中的雉类:当地传统文化对雉类的保护.中国鸟类,3(1):33-46.
向余劲攻,杨岚,张亚平2000.白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化.遗传,22(4):225-228.
徐正刚,吴良,赵运林.等.2015.洞庭湖笼养鸿雁行为节律研究.野生动物学报,36(4):416-421.
杨晓君,文贤继,杨岚.1995.笼养白腹锦鸡繁殖季节的时间分配.动物学研究,16(2):178-184.
易国栋,杨志杰,刘宇.等.2010.中华秋沙鸭越冬行为时间分配及日活动节律.生态学报,30(8):2228-2234.
余玉群,吴建平,郭松涛.等.2000.秦岭北坡雉类种群密度和群落结构的初步研究.生物多样性,8(1):60-64.
赵序茅,马鸣,张同.等.2013.白头硬尾鸭行为时间分配及日活动节律.生态学杂志,32(9):2439-2443.
郑光美,王岐山.1998.中国濒危动物红皮书.鸟类.北京:科学出版社:189-190.
周庆萍.2009.白腹锦鸡的血细胞观察.六盘水师范高等专科学校学报,21(6):44-46.
周庆萍,何发良,陈红.等.2011.白腹锦鸡血液生化指标研究.湖北农业科学,50(16):3353-3354+3364.
Aschoff J.1963.Comparative physiology:Diurnal rhythms.Annual Review of Physiology,25:581-600.
Hixon MA,Carpenter FL,Paton DC.1983.Territory area,flower density,and time budgeting in hummingbirds:An experimental and theoretical analysis.American Naturalist,122:366-391.
Li B,Lin G,Zhao X,et al.2014.Diurnal time budgets and behavioral rhythms of white-lipped deer Cervus albirostris in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai,China.Pakistan Journal of Zoology,46:1557-1563.
Risenhoover KL.1986.Winter activity patterns of moose in interior Alaska.Journal of Wildlife Management,50:727.
Shi J,Rim D,Buckland D,et al.2003.Daytime activity budgets of feral goats(Capra hircus)on the Isle of Rum:Influence of season,age,and sex.Canadian Journal of Zoology,81:803-815.
Verbeek NAM.1972.Daily and annual time budget of the yellow-billed magpie.Auk,89:567-582.
段酬苍,赵运林,李立.等.2016.救助小天鹅越冬期行为节律研究.野生动物学报,37(3):216-220.
方曦,程华信.1981.白腹锦鸡的结核病.野生动物,(1):44-45.
贾陈喜,郑光美,周小平.等.2003.卧龙血雉繁殖期行为特征分析.动物学杂志,38(1):37-40.
蒋志刚.2000.麋鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统.兽类学报,20(1):1-12.
兰存子,刘振生,王爱善.等.2011.圈养马来熊行为节律和时间分配的季节变化.生态学报,31(16):4689-4698.
李树荣,罗富成,李荫绿.等.1998.白腹锦鸡的寄生蠕虫动物学杂志,(1):6-9.
廖嘉欣,赵运林,徐正刚.等.2015.洞庭湖小天鹅越冬中期行为节律研究.西南林业大学学报,(6):85-91.
刘鹏,黄晓凤,顾署生.等.2012.江西官山自然保护区四种雉类的生境选择差异.动物学研究,33(2):170-176.
刘选珍,李洪文,余建秋.等.2012.三种圈养雉类的行为比较研究.野生动物学报,33(4):191-195.
陆源,杨岚,王达瑞.等.1992.白腹锦鸡机体营养成分的分析与探讨.动物学研究,13(1):67-71.
吕慎金,杨燕,刘宇庆.等.2008.圈养条件下梅花鹿初夏昼间行为节律.家畜生态学报,29(1):77-82.
尚玉昌.2006.动物的行为节律.生物学通报,41(10):8-10.
沈啸远,刘洁,金斌松.等.2016.鄱阳湖越冬鹤鹬的日间行为节律.四川动物,35(6):810-817.
王楠,郑光美,McGowan PJK.2012.四川西部神山中的雉类:当地传统文化对雉类的保护.中国鸟类,3(1):33-46.
向余劲攻,杨岚,张亚平2000.白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化.遗传,22(4):225-228.
徐正刚,吴良,赵运林.等.2015.洞庭湖笼养鸿雁行为节律研究.野生动物学报,36(4):416-421.
杨晓君,文贤继,杨岚.1995.笼养白腹锦鸡繁殖季节的时间分配.动物学研究,16(2):178-184.
易国栋,杨志杰,刘宇.等.2010.中华秋沙鸭越冬行为时间分配及日活动节律.生态学报,30(8):2228-2234.
余玉群,吴建平,郭松涛.等.2000.秦岭北坡雉类种群密度和群落结构的初步研究.生物多样性,8(1):60-64.
赵序茅,马鸣,张同.等.2013.白头硬尾鸭行为时间分配及日活动节律.生态学杂志,32(9):2439-2443.
郑光美,王岐山.1998.中国濒危动物红皮书.鸟类.北京:科学出版社:189-190.
周庆萍.2009.白腹锦鸡的血细胞观察.六盘水师范高等专科学校学报,21(6):44-46.
周庆萍,何发良,陈红.等.2011.白腹锦鸡血液生化指标研究.湖北农业科学,50(16):3353-3354+3364.
Aschoff J.1963.Comparative physiology:Diurnal rhythms.Annual Review of Physiology,25:581-600.
Hixon MA,Carpenter FL,Paton DC.1983.Territory area,flower density,and time budgeting in hummingbirds:An experimental and theoretical analysis.American Naturalist,122:366-391.
Li B,Lin G,Zhao X,et al.2014.Diurnal time budgets and behavioral rhythms of white-lipped deer Cervus albirostris in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai,China.Pakistan Journal of Zoology,46:1557-1563.
Risenhoover KL.1986.Winter activity patterns of moose in interior Alaska.Journal of Wildlife Management,50:727.
Shi J,Rim D,Buckland D,et al.2003.Daytime activity budgets of feral goats(Capra hircus)on the Isle of Rum:Influence of season,age,and sex.Canadian Journal of Zoology,81:803-815.
Verbeek NAM.1972.Daily and annual time budget of the yellow-billed magpie.Auk,89:567-582.