施氮对黄土高原旱地小麦根际AMF群落结构的影响
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摘要
为了解施氮量对黄土高原旱地小麦根际土壤AMF群落结构多样性的影响,探明施氮量与AMF群落结构多样性之间的关系,采用宏基因组测序方法对小麦根际土壤样品进行ITS区的高通量测序,并聚类分析了不同施氮水平对黄土高原旱地小麦根际土壤中AMF菌群结构的影响。结果表明,N2(90 kg/hm2)处理下,小麦根际土壤AMF多样性要高于N1(0 kg/hm2)与N3(180 kg/hm2)处理;不同土层AMF菌群结构多样性亦有差异,N1与N2处理下,L3土层(60～100 cm)AMF丰度最高;N3处理下,随着土层的加深,小麦根际AMF多样性呈逐渐增加的趋势,AMF丰度在L1土层(0～20 cm)达到最高。N2L1(施氮90 kg/hm2结合0～20 cm土层)与N3L2(施氮180 kg/hm2结合20～60 cm土层),N3L3(施氮180 kg/hm2结合60～100 cm土层)与N1L3(施氮0 kg/hm2结合60～100 cm土层),N3L1(施氮180 kg/hm2结合0～20 cm土层)与N1L1(施氮0 kg/hm2结合0～20 cm土层)处理组合下样品相似度较高,N2L2(施氮90 kg/hm2结合20～60 cm土层)与其他样品差异较大,N2L2样品中球囊霉属(Glomus)的相对丰度最高。
To understand the effects of different nitrogen application rates on AMF community structure diversity in rhizosphere soil of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau, and to explore the relationship between nitrogen application rate and AMF community structure diversity, the high-throughput sequencing of ITS region in wheat rhizosphere soil samples was performed by metagenomic sequencing. The effects of different nitrogen levels on the AMF flora structure in rhizosphere soil of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau were analyzed. The results showed that under the treatment of N2(90 kg/hm2), the AMF diversity of rhizosphere soil was higher than N1(0 kg/hm2)and N3(180 kg/hm2)treatment. Under N1(0 kg/hm2)and N2(90 kg/hm2)treatment, the abundance of AMF was the highest in L3(60-100 cm)soil layer. Under the treatment of N3(180 kg/hm2), the AMF diversity of wheat rhizosphere gradually increased with the deepening of soil layer, and the AMF abundance reached the highest in L1(0-20 cm)soil layer. Under the combination of N2 L1(90 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer)and N3 L2(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 20-60 cm soil layer), N3 L3(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 60-100 cm soil layer)and N1 L3(0 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 60-100 cm soil layer),N3 L1(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer)and N1 L1(0 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer), the similarity of the samples was higher, N2 L2(90 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 20-60 cm soil layer)and other samples were different, and the relative abundance of Glomus was the highest in N2 L2 samples.
To understand the effects of different nitrogen application rates on AMF community structure diversity in rhizosphere soil of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau, and to explore the relationship between nitrogen application rate and AMF community structure diversity, the high-throughput sequencing of ITS region in wheat rhizosphere soil samples was performed by metagenomic sequencing. The effects of different nitrogen levels on the AMF flora structure in rhizosphere soil of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau were analyzed. The results showed that under the treatment of N2(90 kg/hm2), the AMF diversity of rhizosphere soil was higher than N1(0 kg/hm2)and N3(180 kg/hm2)treatment. Under N1(0 kg/hm2)and N2(90 kg/hm2)treatment, the abundance of AMF was the highest in L3(60-100 cm)soil layer. Under the treatment of N3(180 kg/hm2), the AMF diversity of wheat rhizosphere gradually increased with the deepening of soil layer, and the AMF abundance reached the highest in L1(0-20 cm)soil layer. Under the combination of N2 L1(90 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer)and N3 L2(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 20-60 cm soil layer), N3 L3(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 60-100 cm soil layer)and N1 L3(0 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 60-100 cm soil layer),N3 L1(180 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer)and N1 L1(0 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 0-20 cm soil layer), the similarity of the samples was higher, N2 L2(90 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment combined with 20-60 cm soil layer)and other samples were different, and the relative abundance of Glomus was the highest in N2 L2 samples.
引文
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[24]张贵云,刘珍,范巧兰,等.盆栽基质对AM真菌及宿主植物生长发育的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):809-811.
[25]刘洋,洪坚平,卫迎.接种AM真菌与解磷细菌对矿区复垦土壤磷形态及油菜产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(5):785-790.
[26]刘佳.长期施肥对农田土壤丛枝菌根真菌生物多样性及群落结构的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[27]郭辉娟,贺学礼.冀蒙农牧交错带柠条丛枝菌根真菌和球囊霉素的时空分布[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(3):50-54.
[2] GAO Y,WU P,ZHAO X,et al. Growth,yield,and nitrogen use in the wheat/maize intercropping system in an arid region of northwestern China[J]. Field Crops Res,2014,167:19-30.
[3] XUE C,ROSSMANN A,SCHUSTER R,et al. Split nitrogen application improves wheat baking quality by influencing protein composition rather than concentration[J]. Front Plant Sci,2016,7:738.
[4] EFRETUEI A,GOODING M,WHITE E,et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application timing on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat in Ireland[J]. Irish J Agric Food Res,2016,55:63-73.
[5]CHEN Z,WANG H,LIU X,et al. The effect of N fertilizer placement on the fate of urea-15N and yield of winter wheat in southeast China[J]. PLo S ONE,2016,11:e0153701.
[6]HAWKESFORD M J. Reducing the reliance on nitrogen fertilizer for wheat production[J]. J Cereal Sci,2014,59:276-283.
[7] LIANG B,YANG X,MURPHY D V,et al. Fate of15N-labeled fertilizer in soils under dryland agriculture after 19 years of different fertilizations[J]. Biol Fertil Soils,2013,49:977-986.
[8] HIREL B,LE GOUIS J,NEY B,et al. The challenge of improving nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants:towards a more central role for genetic variability and quantitative genetics within integrated approaches[J]. J Exp Bot,2007,58:2369-2387.
[9]SHRAWAT A K,CARROLL R T,DEPAUW M,et al. Genetic engineering of improved nitrogen use efficiency in rice by the tissuespecific expression of alanine aminotransferase[J]. Plant Biotechnol J,2008,6:722-732.
[10] CORMIER F,FAURE S,DUBREUIL P,et al. A multi-environmental study of recent breeding progress on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Theor Appl Genet,2013,126:3035-3048.
[11] SCHROEDER J I,DELHAIZE E,FROMMER W B,et al. Using membrane transporters to improve crops for sustainable food production[J]. Nature,2013,497:60-66.
[12]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[13]祝英.丛枝菌根真菌接种对旱地小麦生产力和土壤质量的影响及机理[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[14]马放,苏蒙,王立,等.丛枝菌根真菌对小麦生长的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6107-6114.
[15]朱晨.不同施肥制度对主要农作物土壤中AMF群落结构的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[16]李晋荣,洪坚平,郝鲜俊,等.不同磷水平下接种AM真菌对矿区玉米生长的影响[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(8):834-837.
[17] SIMON L,LALONDE M,BRUNS T D. Specific amplification of18S fungal ribosomal genes from vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1992,58(1):291-295.
[18] JAIKOO LEE,SANGSUN LEE,J PETER W. Improved PCR primers for the detection and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2008,65(2):339-349.
[19] DAVISON J,MOORA M,魻PIK M,et al. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism[J].Science,2015,349:970-973.
[20] WILLIAM R,GORDON V J. Improving N use efficiency in cereal production[J]. Agron J,1999,93:358-363.
[21]OEHL F,SIEVERDING E,INEICHEN K,et al. Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(5):2816-2824.
[22] LIU R J,CHEN Y L. Mycorrhizology[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[23] LI Y,JIAO H,XU L J,et al. Advances in the study of community structure and function of arbuscular mycorrhizl fungi[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):1089-1096.
[24]张贵云,刘珍,范巧兰,等.盆栽基质对AM真菌及宿主植物生长发育的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):809-811.
[25]刘洋,洪坚平,卫迎.接种AM真菌与解磷细菌对矿区复垦土壤磷形态及油菜产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(5):785-790.
[26]刘佳.长期施肥对农田土壤丛枝菌根真菌生物多样性及群落结构的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[27]郭辉娟,贺学礼.冀蒙农牧交错带柠条丛枝菌根真菌和球囊霉素的时空分布[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(3):50-54.