一种基于斜率差和方位角的矢量数据匹配算法
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摘要
矢量空间数据同名特征点搜索和同名特征点匹配是对多时相、多尺度地理实体要素进行变化检测的关键技术。结合矢量空间数据的坐标特征和方位角,提出一种同名地理实体要素特征点搜索与匹配算法。该算法采用分步取点的思想,分别提取曲线X、Y方向上的极值点为初始特征点,利用各极值点斜率差的绝对值作为约束条件删除冗余极值点。在上述提取结果中,两个相邻特征点通常存在较大变形,需添加部分合理特征点。综合利用特征点坐标方位角和距离进行同名特征点相似度匹配,分别利用线实体和面实体进行试验验证。结果表明:本研究算法能够适用于线实体和面实体特征点的提取与匹配,并具有良好的精度和可行性。
Vector spatial data with the correspondence feature point searching and the correspondence feature point matching is the key technology for multi-temporal and multi-scale geographic entity element to detect change. The research proposed a correspondence geographic entity element feature point searching and matching algorithm based on the coordinate characteristic and azimuth of vector spatial data. Firstly,the algorithm adopted the idea of taking point step by step: extracted extreme point from the X,Y direction of curve as initial feature points respectively; used the absolute value of the slope difference of each extreme point as constraint condition to remove the redundant extreme point; in the above extraction result,there might be a large deformation between the two adjacent feature points. Secondly,utilized coordinate azimuth and distance of the feature point synthetically to match the similarity of the correspondence feature point. Finally,the experimental verification was carried out by using the line entity and the surface entity. The result showed that the algorithm could be applied to the extraction and matching of the feature point of the line entity and the surface entity,and it had good accuracy and feasibility.
Vector spatial data with the correspondence feature point searching and the correspondence feature point matching is the key technology for multi-temporal and multi-scale geographic entity element to detect change. The research proposed a correspondence geographic entity element feature point searching and matching algorithm based on the coordinate characteristic and azimuth of vector spatial data. Firstly,the algorithm adopted the idea of taking point step by step: extracted extreme point from the X,Y direction of curve as initial feature points respectively; used the absolute value of the slope difference of each extreme point as constraint condition to remove the redundant extreme point; in the above extraction result,there might be a large deformation between the two adjacent feature points. Secondly,utilized coordinate azimuth and distance of the feature point synthetically to match the similarity of the correspondence feature point. Finally,the experimental verification was carried out by using the line entity and the surface entity. The result showed that the algorithm could be applied to the extraction and matching of the feature point of the line entity and the surface entity,and it had good accuracy and feasibility.
引文
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[7]郑君君,夏胜平,李新光,等.基于RSOM树的图像K近邻求解算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2011,41(2):80-84.ZHENG Junjun,XIA Shengping,LI Xinguang,et al.K nearest neighbors detecting algorithm based on a RSOM tree[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2011,41(2):80-84.
[8]许靖,蔡文学,黄晓宇.基于经验修正策略的延时地图匹配算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2011,41(5):69-75.XU Jing,CAI Wenxue,HUANG Xiaoyu.An empirical correction strategy based delays map-matching algorithm[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2011,41(5):69-75.
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[14]喜文飞,方源敏,隋玉成,等.一种改进的矢量曲线特征点提取方法[J].江西科学,2011,29(2):282-284.XI Wenfei,FANG Yuanmin,SUI Yucheng,et al.An improved feature extraction method of vector curves[J].Jiangxi Science,2011,29(2):282-284.
[15]徐枫,邓敏,赵彬彬,等.空间目标匹配方法的应用分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):657-663.XU Feng,DENG M in,ZHAO Binbin,et al.A detailed investigation on the methods of object matching[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2009,11(5):657-663.
[16]孟妮娜.尺度变换中空间关系相似性的计算与评价[D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.M ENG Nina.Calculation and evaluation of spatial relations similarity degree in cartographic generalization[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.
[17]郝燕玲,唐文静,赵玉新,等.基于空间相似性的面实体匹配算法研究[J].测绘学报,2008,37(4):501-506.HAO Yanling,TANG Wenjing,ZHAO Yuxin,et al.Areal feature matching algorithm based on spatial similarity[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2008,37(4):501-506.
[18]付仲良,逯跃锋.一种基于拱高半径复变函数的面实体匹配算法[J].计算机应用研究,2012,29(9):3303-3306.FU Zhongliang,LU Yuefeng.Polygon entity matching algorithm based on arc-height radius complex function[J].Application Research of Computers,2012,29(9):3303-3306.
[19]YUAN S,TAO C.Development of conflation components[C]//Proceedings of Geoinformatics 1999 Conference.Ann Arbor,USA:University of M ichigan,1999:1-13.
[20]叶亚琴,陈波,万波,等.特征驱动下区实体匹配指标自适应融合技术[J].测绘科学,2012,37(6):101-103.YE Yaqin,CHEN Bo,WAN Bo,et al.Adaptive fusion technology of match indicators on area entity driven by data characteristics[J].Science of Surveying and M apping,2012,37(6):101-103.
[21]吴建华,付仲良.数据更新中要素变化检测与匹配方法[J].计算机应用,2008,28(6):1612-1615.WU Jianhua,FU Zhongliang.M ethodology of feature change detection and matching in data updating[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2008,28(6):1612-1615.
[22]安晓亚,刘平芝,杨云,等.一种线状要素几何相似性度量方法及其应用[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(9):1225-1229.AN Xiaoya,LIU Pingzhi,YANG Yun,et al.A geometric similarity measurement method and applications to linear feature[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(9):1225-1229.
[23]黄智深,钱海忠,郭敏,等.面状居民地匹配骨架线傅里叶变化方法[J].测绘学报,2013,42(6):913-921.HUANG Zhishen,QIAN Haizhong,GUO M in,et al.M atching algorithm of polygon habitations based on their skeleton-lines using Fourier transform[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(6):913-921.
[24]陈占龙,覃梦娇,吴亮,等.利用多级弦长弯曲度复函数构建复杂面实体综合形状相似度量模型[J].测绘学报,2016,45(2):224-232.CHEN Zhanlong,QIN M engjiao,WU Liang,et al.Establishment of the comprehensive shape similarity model for complex polygon entity by using bending multilevel chord complex function[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(2):224-232.
[25]陈占龙,周林,龚希,等.基于方向关系矩阵的空间方向相似性定量计算方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(7):813-821.CHEN Zhanlong,ZHOU Lin,GONG Xi,et al.A quantitative calculation method of spatial direction similarity based on direction relation matrix[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(7):813-821.
[2]刘建军,吴晨琛,杨眉,等.对基础地理信息应需及时更新的思考[J].地理信息世界,2016,23(2):79-82.LIU Jianjun,WU Chenchen,YANG M ei,et al.Thoughts of demand-response real-time updating of fundamental geographic information[J].Geomatics World,2016,23(2):79-82.
[3]王东华,刘建军,商瑶玲,等.国家1∶50 000基础地理信息数据库动态更新[J].测绘通报,2013,7:1-4.WANG Donghua,LIU Jianjun,SHANG Yaoling,et al.Dynamic updating of national fundamental geography information database[J].Bulletin of Surveying and M apping,2013,7:1-4.
[4]刘建军.国家基础地理信息数据库建设与更新[J].测绘通报,2015,10:1-3.LIU Jianjun.Construction and updating of national fundamental geographic information database[J].Bulletin of Surveying and M apping,2015,10:1-3.
[5]张元杰,刘建军,刘剑炜,等.要素级多时态地形数据库建库与管理技术设计[J].地理信息世界,2014,21(1):29-32.ZHANG Yuanjie,LIU Jianjun,LIU Jianw ei,et al.Building feature based multi spatio-temporal topographic database management system[J].Geomatics World,2014,21(1):29-32.
[6]付仲良,周凡,逯跃锋.基于GIS技术的电网应急态势标绘[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2013,43(4):1-6.FU Zhongliang,ZHOU Fan,LU Yuefeng.Pow er grid emergency situation plotting technology based on GIS[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2013,43(4):1-6.
[7]郑君君,夏胜平,李新光,等.基于RSOM树的图像K近邻求解算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2011,41(2):80-84.ZHENG Junjun,XIA Shengping,LI Xinguang,et al.K nearest neighbors detecting algorithm based on a RSOM tree[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2011,41(2):80-84.
[8]许靖,蔡文学,黄晓宇.基于经验修正策略的延时地图匹配算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2011,41(5):69-75.XU Jing,CAI Wenxue,HUANG Xiaoyu.An empirical correction strategy based delays map-matching algorithm[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2011,41(5):69-75.
[9]MCMASTER R B.The integration of simplification and smoothing algorithms in line generalization[J].Cartographica,1989,26(1):101-121.
[10]牛玉礼,李岁劳,任鸿飞,等.一种基于曲率分析的电子地图数据压缩方法[J].机械与电子,2013(7):23-26.NIU Yuli,LI Suilao,REN Hongfei,et al.A new method of electronic map data compression based on the curvature analysis[J].M achinery&Electronics,2013(7):23-26.
[11]黄培之.具有预测功能的曲线矢量数据压缩方法[J].测绘学报,1995,24(4):316-319.HUANG Peizhi.Vector data compression w ith prediction function[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1995,24(4):316-319.
[12]赵永清,谢传节,乔玉良,等.基于最值点的道格拉斯普克压缩算法[J].软件导刊,2008,11(7):60-62.ZHAO Yongqing,XIE Chuanjie,QIAO Yuliang,et al.Douglas-peucker compressing algorithm about extremepoints[J].Softw are Guide,2008,11(7):60-62.
[13]王海晓,朱旭光.一种基于斜率变化间接提取轮廓特征点的算法[J].软件导刊,2010,11(9):66-67.WANG Haixiao,ZHU Xuguang.An algorithm of extracting contour feature points based on slope variation[J].Software Guide,2010,11(9):66-67.
[14]喜文飞,方源敏,隋玉成,等.一种改进的矢量曲线特征点提取方法[J].江西科学,2011,29(2):282-284.XI Wenfei,FANG Yuanmin,SUI Yucheng,et al.An improved feature extraction method of vector curves[J].Jiangxi Science,2011,29(2):282-284.
[15]徐枫,邓敏,赵彬彬,等.空间目标匹配方法的应用分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):657-663.XU Feng,DENG M in,ZHAO Binbin,et al.A detailed investigation on the methods of object matching[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2009,11(5):657-663.
[16]孟妮娜.尺度变换中空间关系相似性的计算与评价[D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.M ENG Nina.Calculation and evaluation of spatial relations similarity degree in cartographic generalization[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.
[17]郝燕玲,唐文静,赵玉新,等.基于空间相似性的面实体匹配算法研究[J].测绘学报,2008,37(4):501-506.HAO Yanling,TANG Wenjing,ZHAO Yuxin,et al.Areal feature matching algorithm based on spatial similarity[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2008,37(4):501-506.
[18]付仲良,逯跃锋.一种基于拱高半径复变函数的面实体匹配算法[J].计算机应用研究,2012,29(9):3303-3306.FU Zhongliang,LU Yuefeng.Polygon entity matching algorithm based on arc-height radius complex function[J].Application Research of Computers,2012,29(9):3303-3306.
[19]YUAN S,TAO C.Development of conflation components[C]//Proceedings of Geoinformatics 1999 Conference.Ann Arbor,USA:University of M ichigan,1999:1-13.
[20]叶亚琴,陈波,万波,等.特征驱动下区实体匹配指标自适应融合技术[J].测绘科学,2012,37(6):101-103.YE Yaqin,CHEN Bo,WAN Bo,et al.Adaptive fusion technology of match indicators on area entity driven by data characteristics[J].Science of Surveying and M apping,2012,37(6):101-103.
[21]吴建华,付仲良.数据更新中要素变化检测与匹配方法[J].计算机应用,2008,28(6):1612-1615.WU Jianhua,FU Zhongliang.M ethodology of feature change detection and matching in data updating[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2008,28(6):1612-1615.
[22]安晓亚,刘平芝,杨云,等.一种线状要素几何相似性度量方法及其应用[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(9):1225-1229.AN Xiaoya,LIU Pingzhi,YANG Yun,et al.A geometric similarity measurement method and applications to linear feature[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(9):1225-1229.
[23]黄智深,钱海忠,郭敏,等.面状居民地匹配骨架线傅里叶变化方法[J].测绘学报,2013,42(6):913-921.HUANG Zhishen,QIAN Haizhong,GUO M in,et al.M atching algorithm of polygon habitations based on their skeleton-lines using Fourier transform[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(6):913-921.
[24]陈占龙,覃梦娇,吴亮,等.利用多级弦长弯曲度复函数构建复杂面实体综合形状相似度量模型[J].测绘学报,2016,45(2):224-232.CHEN Zhanlong,QIN M engjiao,WU Liang,et al.Establishment of the comprehensive shape similarity model for complex polygon entity by using bending multilevel chord complex function[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(2):224-232.
[25]陈占龙,周林,龚希,等.基于方向关系矩阵的空间方向相似性定量计算方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(7):813-821.CHEN Zhanlong,ZHOU Lin,GONG Xi,et al.A quantitative calculation method of spatial direction similarity based on direction relation matrix[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(7):813-821.