人工智能机器具有道德主体地位吗?
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摘要
人工智能机器是否具有道德以及是否构成道德主体引发学者思考,这涉及到对于道德主体的界定、对道德主体标准的思考,更涉及到对于智能机器与人类的区别的反思,我们在对道德主体标准分析的基础上,对道德嵌入的人工道德主体进行伦理建构,在智能机器设计之初把"善"的理念嵌入到人工智能机器中,促进与引导人工智能的发展。
Whether artificial intelligence machines have moral or not,as well as whether they constitute moral agents or not,attract scholars' thinking,because these questions not only involve the definition of moral agents and the thinking of the standard of moral agents,but also involve the rethinking of the distinction between intelligence machines and human beings. Based on the analysis of the standard of moral agents,we formed the foundation of the ethics of the artificial intelligence moral agents embedded with moral. By embedding the concept of"good"in the artificial intelligence at the beginning of the design of intelligence machines,we promoted and guided the development of artificial intelligence.
Whether artificial intelligence machines have moral or not,as well as whether they constitute moral agents or not,attract scholars' thinking,because these questions not only involve the definition of moral agents and the thinking of the standard of moral agents,but also involve the rethinking of the distinction between intelligence machines and human beings. Based on the analysis of the standard of moral agents,we formed the foundation of the ethics of the artificial intelligence moral agents embedded with moral. By embedding the concept of"good"in the artificial intelligence at the beginning of the design of intelligence machines,we promoted and guided the development of artificial intelligence.
引文
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[18]Anderson M,Anderson S L.Machine Ethics:Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent[J].AI Magazine,2007,28(4):15-26.
[2]Johnson D G.Computer system:Moral entities but not moral agents[J].Ethics and Information Technology,2006:195-204.
[3]Sloman A.The Computer Revolution in Philosophy:Philosophy,Science and Models of Mind[J].The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science,1978:1-14.
[4]Danielson P.Artificial Morality:Virtuous Robots for Virtual Games[M].Routledge,1992.
[5]Hall J S.Beyond AI:Creating the Conscience of the Machine[J].I-sis,2008,99(4):872.
[6]Allen C,Varner G,Zinser J.Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent[J].Journal of Experimental&Theoretical Artificial Intelligence.2000,12(3):251-261.
[7]Bostrom N,Yudkowsky E.The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence[C]//Frankish K,Ramsey W.Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence.New York:Cambridge University Press,2014:316-334.
[8]Wallach W,Allen C.Moral Machines:Teaching Robots Right from Wrong[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,Inc.2008:91.
[9]Asaro P M.What Should We Want From a Robot Ethics?[J].IRIEInt Rev Inf Ethics,2006,6(12):9-16.
[10]Taylor P.Respect of Nature:A Theory of Environmental Ethics[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1986:14.
[11]Brey P.From Moral Agents to Moral Factors:The Structural Ethics Approach[J].Moral Status of Technical Artifacts,2014(17):125-142.
[12]Floridi L,Sanders J W.On the Morality of Artificial Agents[J].Minds&Machines,2004,14(3):349-379.
[13]Anderson M,Anderson S.Machine Ethics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011:1.
[14]Wallach W,Allen C.Moral Machines:Teaching Robots Right from Wrong[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008:91.
[15]Powers T M.Prospects for a Kantian Machine[J].IEEE Intelligent Systems,2006,21(4):46-51.
[16]Arkoudas K,Bringsjord S,Bello P.Toward ethical robots via mechanized deontic logic[EB/OL]//M.Anderson,S.L.Anderson&C.Armen(Eds.).Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Fall Symposium(Vol.FS-05-06).Menlo Park,California:The AAAI Press.Retrieved from http://www.aaai.org/Library/Symposia/Fall/fs05-06.2005.
[17]Grau C.There is no'I'in'Robot':Robotic Utilitarians and Utilitarian Robots[C]//Machine Ethics:Papers from the Aaai Fall Symposium Menlo Park,2006:52-55.
[18]Anderson M,Anderson S L.Machine Ethics:Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent[J].AI Magazine,2007,28(4):15-26.