性别化创新的分析逻辑——科学研究中的性与性别分析法
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摘要
性别化创新是一种新兴的创新范式,能够反哺科学研究、提升研究成果的质量和对两性的责任。性别化创新的分析逻辑,是从逻辑起点和过程演进两方面来解构性与性别分析法的嵌入。性别化创新的逻辑起点是对科学研究进行性别维度的反思,性别化创新的过程演进是将性与性别分析法嵌入科学研究全过程,涵盖了对性别数据、女性经验与经历的收集、汇总、分析、挖掘和转换方法,并与外部的科学研究与创新环境形成互动。性别化创新的分析逻辑强调了性与性别要素在科学研究中的作用,完成女性数量修正、制度修正和知识修正,从而对科学研究本身进行反思与逻辑重构、输出对两性的责任与普惠价值取向,并实现"包容互惠的发展前景"。
As an emerging innovation paradigm,gendered innovation can make a regurgitation-feeding to scientific research and responsibility for both men and women. The logic of gendered innovation is a deconstruction process of sex and gender analysis from starting point and process evolution. The starting point is gender dimension,and the process evolution is embedding sex and gender analysis. It includes gathering,mining and transforming the gendered data,women intelligence and experience,as well as the interaction with external environment. The logic of gendered innovation emphasizes the role of sex and gender factors in scientific research,which is conducive to achieving fixing the number,institution and knowledge. Thus,it is a self-reflection and logical reconstruction of scientific research,and it can output gender-responsibility and inclusive well-being,achieve inclusive and mutual beneficial development prospects.
As an emerging innovation paradigm,gendered innovation can make a regurgitation-feeding to scientific research and responsibility for both men and women. The logic of gendered innovation is a deconstruction process of sex and gender analysis from starting point and process evolution. The starting point is gender dimension,and the process evolution is embedding sex and gender analysis. It includes gathering,mining and transforming the gendered data,women intelligence and experience,as well as the interaction with external environment. The logic of gendered innovation emphasizes the role of sex and gender factors in scientific research,which is conducive to achieving fixing the number,institution and knowledge. Thus,it is a self-reflection and logical reconstruction of scientific research,and it can output gender-responsibility and inclusive well-being,achieve inclusive and mutual beneficial development prospects.
引文
[1]王凤祥,安维复.贝尔纳主义:马克思主义科学观的一种理论创新[J].科学学研究,2014,32(10):1454-1460.
[2]陈悦,张立伟,刘则渊.世界科学学的序曲——波兰学者对科学学的重要贡献[J].科学学研究,2017,35(1):4-10.
[3]Rudman L A,Moss-Racusin C A,Phelan J E,et al.Status incongruity and backlash effects:Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders[J].Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2012,48(1):165-179.
[4]Cabrera,E.Fixing the leaky pipeline:Five ways to retain female talent[J].People&Strategy,2009,32(1):40-45.
[5]Lyness K S,Kropf M B.The relationships of national gender equality and organizational support with workfamily balance:A study of European managers[J].Human Relations,2005,58(1):33-60.
[6]Bradley,Samantha R,Gicheva,et al.Gender differences in access to private investment funding to support the development of new technologies[R].UNCG Economics Working Papers from University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Department of Economics,2013.
[7]Woolley A,Malone T.What makes a team smarter?more women[J].Harvard Business Review,2011,89(6):32.
[8]Mogil J S,Chanda M L.The case for the inclusion of female subjects in basic science studies of pain[J].Pain,2005,117(1-2):1-5.
[9]张君弟.反思、重返与二阶科学:一场新型科学结构的革命?[J].科学学研究,2017,35(8):1130-1135.
[10]托克斯·库恩,库恩,胡新和,等.科学革命的结构(第四版)[M].北京大学出版社,2012.
[11]Schiebinger L,Klinge I,Sánchez de Madariaga,I,et al.Gendered innovations in science,health&medicine,engineering and environment[EB/OL].http://ec.europa.eu/research/gendered-innovations/,2011-2015.
[12]梅亮,陈劲,李福嘉.负责任创新:内涵辨析与启示[J].自然辩证法研究,2017,(2):49-53.
[13]Roth J A,Etzioni R,Waters T M,et al.Economic return from the women's health initiative estrogen plus progestin clinical trial:A modeling study[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2014,160(9):594-602.
[14]Karp N A,Mason J,Beaudet A L,et al.Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits[J].Nature Communications,2017,8:15475.
[15]Bruno H,Sanjay K,Irene M A.The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity[J].Nature,2016,530(7590):344-348.
[16]Redmond G P.Physiological changes during pregnancy and their implications for pharmacological treatment[J].Clinical&Investigative Medicine Médecine Clinique Et Experimentale,1985,8(4):317-22.
[17]Mohanna K,Tunna K.Withholding consent to participate in clinical trials:Decisions of pregnant women[J].BJOG:An International Journal of Obstetrics&Gynaecology,1999,106:892-897.
[18]Upadhyay S,Desai C P.Participation of farm women in animal husbandry in anand district of gujarat[J].Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development,2011,6(2):117-121.
[19]Basu D,Banerjee S,Goswami R,et al.Farmers'knowledge management in banana cultivation in a village of west Bengel,India:A reflection of farmer managed technology adaptation and transfer in horticulture[J].Acta Horticulturae,2009,832:49-56.
[20]Chambers R G,Pacey A,Thrupp L A.Farmer first:farmer innovation and agricultural research[J].World Development,1991,19(6):742.
[21]Gupta A K.Scientists'views of farmer practices in India:Barriers to effective interaction[A].Chambrs R,Pacey A,Thrupp L A.Farmer First[C].London:Intermediate Technology Publications,1989.
[22]Walton G M,Cohen G L.A question of belonging:race,social fit,and achievement[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2007,92(1):82-96.
[23]吴欣桐,陈劲,梅亮,等.刻板印象:女性创新者在技术创新中的威胁抑或机会?[J].外国经济与管理,2017,11(39):45-60.
[24]梅亮,陈劲.责任式创新:源起、归因解析与理论框架[J].管理世界,2015,(8):39-57.
[25]Owen R,Macnaghten P,Stilgoe J.Responsible research and innovation:From science in society to science for society,with society[J].Science and Public Policy,2012,39(6):751-760.
(1)2017年10月18日,习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》。
(2)入排标准是指在临床实验研究之前所制定的纳入和排除标准(inclusion and exclusion criteria),标准中有可能会由于过度保护和避责等原因,有意排除女性(尤其是处于特殊生理时期的女性)进入临床试验。
[2]陈悦,张立伟,刘则渊.世界科学学的序曲——波兰学者对科学学的重要贡献[J].科学学研究,2017,35(1):4-10.
[3]Rudman L A,Moss-Racusin C A,Phelan J E,et al.Status incongruity and backlash effects:Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders[J].Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2012,48(1):165-179.
[4]Cabrera,E.Fixing the leaky pipeline:Five ways to retain female talent[J].People&Strategy,2009,32(1):40-45.
[5]Lyness K S,Kropf M B.The relationships of national gender equality and organizational support with workfamily balance:A study of European managers[J].Human Relations,2005,58(1):33-60.
[6]Bradley,Samantha R,Gicheva,et al.Gender differences in access to private investment funding to support the development of new technologies[R].UNCG Economics Working Papers from University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Department of Economics,2013.
[7]Woolley A,Malone T.What makes a team smarter?more women[J].Harvard Business Review,2011,89(6):32.
[8]Mogil J S,Chanda M L.The case for the inclusion of female subjects in basic science studies of pain[J].Pain,2005,117(1-2):1-5.
[9]张君弟.反思、重返与二阶科学:一场新型科学结构的革命?[J].科学学研究,2017,35(8):1130-1135.
[10]托克斯·库恩,库恩,胡新和,等.科学革命的结构(第四版)[M].北京大学出版社,2012.
[11]Schiebinger L,Klinge I,Sánchez de Madariaga,I,et al.Gendered innovations in science,health&medicine,engineering and environment[EB/OL].http://ec.europa.eu/research/gendered-innovations/,2011-2015.
[12]梅亮,陈劲,李福嘉.负责任创新:内涵辨析与启示[J].自然辩证法研究,2017,(2):49-53.
[13]Roth J A,Etzioni R,Waters T M,et al.Economic return from the women's health initiative estrogen plus progestin clinical trial:A modeling study[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2014,160(9):594-602.
[14]Karp N A,Mason J,Beaudet A L,et al.Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits[J].Nature Communications,2017,8:15475.
[15]Bruno H,Sanjay K,Irene M A.The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity[J].Nature,2016,530(7590):344-348.
[16]Redmond G P.Physiological changes during pregnancy and their implications for pharmacological treatment[J].Clinical&Investigative Medicine Médecine Clinique Et Experimentale,1985,8(4):317-22.
[17]Mohanna K,Tunna K.Withholding consent to participate in clinical trials:Decisions of pregnant women[J].BJOG:An International Journal of Obstetrics&Gynaecology,1999,106:892-897.
[18]Upadhyay S,Desai C P.Participation of farm women in animal husbandry in anand district of gujarat[J].Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development,2011,6(2):117-121.
[19]Basu D,Banerjee S,Goswami R,et al.Farmers'knowledge management in banana cultivation in a village of west Bengel,India:A reflection of farmer managed technology adaptation and transfer in horticulture[J].Acta Horticulturae,2009,832:49-56.
[20]Chambers R G,Pacey A,Thrupp L A.Farmer first:farmer innovation and agricultural research[J].World Development,1991,19(6):742.
[21]Gupta A K.Scientists'views of farmer practices in India:Barriers to effective interaction[A].Chambrs R,Pacey A,Thrupp L A.Farmer First[C].London:Intermediate Technology Publications,1989.
[22]Walton G M,Cohen G L.A question of belonging:race,social fit,and achievement[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2007,92(1):82-96.
[23]吴欣桐,陈劲,梅亮,等.刻板印象:女性创新者在技术创新中的威胁抑或机会?[J].外国经济与管理,2017,11(39):45-60.
[24]梅亮,陈劲.责任式创新:源起、归因解析与理论框架[J].管理世界,2015,(8):39-57.
[25]Owen R,Macnaghten P,Stilgoe J.Responsible research and innovation:From science in society to science for society,with society[J].Science and Public Policy,2012,39(6):751-760.
(1)2017年10月18日,习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》。
(2)入排标准是指在临床实验研究之前所制定的纳入和排除标准(inclusion and exclusion criteria),标准中有可能会由于过度保护和避责等原因,有意排除女性(尤其是处于特殊生理时期的女性)进入临床试验。