中国近代书目分类的创始之作——《译书事略》略论
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摘要
《译书事略》以江南制造总局翻译馆译、刊的西学书籍为对象,基于西方学科化原则进行分类,是我国西书独立编目的前驱,也是我国近代书目分类的创始之作。而姚名达基于民族主义立场的近代书目史书写,掩盖了其导夫先路的历史地位。《译书事略》所收西书包括中国人的汉文西学文献,并非蔡元培所云"译书之目";该目据实而录,形成客观的书目清单,亦不具备蔡元培所云"导读"的性质。《西学书目表》以降的西学书目虽承绪《译书事略》,但又因秉持中国传统书目的导读旨趣而另有精进。
Yi Shu Shi Lüe, taking Western learning books translated and published by Translation Center of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau as the object, and on the basis of Western disciplinary classification principle, was not only the forerunner of independent cataloguing of Western books in China, but also the creation of bibliographic classification in modern China. Based on nationalist standpoint, Yao Mingda's modern bibliographic history writing concealed his historical position as a pioneer. The Western books collected in Yi Shu Shi Lüe, including Chinese and Western literature, are not the "bibliography of translated books" as Cai Yuanpei said. The book is actually recorded, forming an objective bibliographic list, neither does it possess the nature of "guiding reading" as Cai Yuanpei said. Although the Western learning of the List of Western Learning Bibliography is the inheritance of Yi Shu Shi Lüe, there is another reason for being more advanced because of adhering to the guiding purport of traditional Chinese bibliography.
Yi Shu Shi Lüe, taking Western learning books translated and published by Translation Center of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau as the object, and on the basis of Western disciplinary classification principle, was not only the forerunner of independent cataloguing of Western books in China, but also the creation of bibliographic classification in modern China. Based on nationalist standpoint, Yao Mingda's modern bibliographic history writing concealed his historical position as a pioneer. The Western books collected in Yi Shu Shi Lüe, including Chinese and Western literature, are not the "bibliography of translated books" as Cai Yuanpei said. The book is actually recorded, forming an objective bibliographic list, neither does it possess the nature of "guiding reading" as Cai Yuanpei said. Although the Western learning of the List of Western Learning Bibliography is the inheritance of Yi Shu Shi Lüe, there is another reason for being more advanced because of adhering to the guiding purport of traditional Chinese bibliography.
引文
1 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(二)[J].格致汇编,1880(6):9-11.
2 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(一)[J].格致汇编,1880(5):10-11.
3 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(四)[J].格致汇编,1880(8):9-11.
4 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(三)[J].格致汇编,1880(7):9-11.
5 梁启超.中国近三百年学术史[M].北京:东方出版社,2004:28.
6 姚名达.中国目录学史[M].上海:上海书店出版社,1984.
7 王韬.泰西著述考[M].长洲:王韬淞隐庐,1889:2-3.
8 蔡元培.《东西学书录》序[G]//蔡元培.蔡元培全集(第1卷).杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997:224.
9 王宗扬.江南制造局翻译书目新考[J].中国科技史料,1995(2):3-18.
10 贾步纬.量法代数[M].上海:则梅山房本,1872:书名页.
11 金朝柄.康熙爱数学[J].文史月刊,2011(2):76-78.
12 梁启超.西学书目表[M]//中国史学会.戊戌变法(第一册).上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
13 罗权松,林申清.《日本书目志》与《西学书目表》成书先后问题[J].图书馆杂志,1982(3):53.
14 李立民.近代目录学史的研究进展(1840—1919年)[J].图书情报工作,2009(21):63-67.
15 傅荣贤.梁启超《西学书目表》学、政、教三分体系论[J].图书情报知识,2017(2):42-48.
16 张之洞,撰.范希曾,补正.书目答问补正[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团,2010.
17 康有为.日本书目志[G]//姜义华,张荣华,编校.康有为全集(第三集).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:264.
18 赵惟熙.西学书目答问[M]//熊月之.晚清新学书目提要.上海:上海书店出版社,2014:381.
(1)因《译书事略》分4期发表于《格致汇编》,本文在标注引文时亦不相混同,分别以四篇参考文献列出。
(2)参见:熊月之.晚清新学书目提要[M].上海:上海书店,2014:序言. 又参见:康有为.日本书目志[M]//姜义华,张荣华,编校.康有为全集(第三集).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:卷首按.
2 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(一)[J].格致汇编,1880(5):10-11.
3 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(四)[J].格致汇编,1880(8):9-11.
4 傅兰雅.江南制造总局翻译西书事略(三)[J].格致汇编,1880(7):9-11.
5 梁启超.中国近三百年学术史[M].北京:东方出版社,2004:28.
6 姚名达.中国目录学史[M].上海:上海书店出版社,1984.
7 王韬.泰西著述考[M].长洲:王韬淞隐庐,1889:2-3.
8 蔡元培.《东西学书录》序[G]//蔡元培.蔡元培全集(第1卷).杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997:224.
9 王宗扬.江南制造局翻译书目新考[J].中国科技史料,1995(2):3-18.
10 贾步纬.量法代数[M].上海:则梅山房本,1872:书名页.
11 金朝柄.康熙爱数学[J].文史月刊,2011(2):76-78.
12 梁启超.西学书目表[M]//中国史学会.戊戌变法(第一册).上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
13 罗权松,林申清.《日本书目志》与《西学书目表》成书先后问题[J].图书馆杂志,1982(3):53.
14 李立民.近代目录学史的研究进展(1840—1919年)[J].图书情报工作,2009(21):63-67.
15 傅荣贤.梁启超《西学书目表》学、政、教三分体系论[J].图书情报知识,2017(2):42-48.
16 张之洞,撰.范希曾,补正.书目答问补正[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团,2010.
17 康有为.日本书目志[G]//姜义华,张荣华,编校.康有为全集(第三集).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:264.
18 赵惟熙.西学书目答问[M]//熊月之.晚清新学书目提要.上海:上海书店出版社,2014:381.
(1)因《译书事略》分4期发表于《格致汇编》,本文在标注引文时亦不相混同,分别以四篇参考文献列出。
(2)参见:熊月之.晚清新学书目提要[M].上海:上海书店,2014:序言. 又参见:康有为.日本书目志[M]//姜义华,张荣华,编校.康有为全集(第三集).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:卷首按.