环境中包装材料微塑料的检测及其研究进展
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摘要
目的近年来,包装材料在生产和降解过程中广泛存在微塑料及相关污染物对环境和生物机体造成不良影响等问题,其对微塑料的检测以及毒理学研究至关重要。为了给后续研究提供参考方法,对微塑料的一些常规检测方法进行综述分析。方法对现有的微塑料的检测方法,如红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热解-气相色谱/质谱法、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结合荧光检测、高光谱成像、电镜成像等进行阐述,并且对检测现状进行总结。结论微塑料的检测方法已呈现从单一化到多样化的发展趋势,但是检测方法的简便性、快捷性有待进一步提高。对后期包装材料中微塑料及相关有毒有害物质的监测和检测技术研发提供了参考。
In recent years, the widespread adverse influence of microplastics and related pollutants on the environment and biological organisms in the production and degradation of packaging materials is critical for the detection of microplastics and toxicology research. In order to provide reference methods for subsequent researches, the work aims to review and analyze some routine detection methods of microplastics. The present detection methods for microplastics, such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography(GPC) combined with fluorescence detection, hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy imaging, etc., were described, and the present situation of detection was summarized. The detection methods for microplastics have shown a development trend from simplification to diversification, but the simplicity and rapidity of detection methods need to be further improved. The proposed methods provide a reference for the research and development of monitoring and detection technology of microplastics and related toxic and harmful substances in packaging materials in later stage.
In recent years, the widespread adverse influence of microplastics and related pollutants on the environment and biological organisms in the production and degradation of packaging materials is critical for the detection of microplastics and toxicology research. In order to provide reference methods for subsequent researches, the work aims to review and analyze some routine detection methods of microplastics. The present detection methods for microplastics, such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography(GPC) combined with fluorescence detection, hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy imaging, etc., were described, and the present situation of detection was summarized. The detection methods for microplastics have shown a development trend from simplification to diversification, but the simplicity and rapidity of detection methods need to be further improved. The proposed methods provide a reference for the research and development of monitoring and detection technology of microplastics and related toxic and harmful substances in packaging materials in later stage.
引文
[1]LI Jing-yi,LIU Hui-hui,CHEN J P.Microplastics in Freshwater Systems:A Review on Occurrence,Environmental Effects,and Methods for Microplastics Detection[J].Water Research,2017,137:362-374.
[2]WANG Jun,CHEN Bao-liang.Adsorption and Coadsorption of Organic Pollutants and a Heavy Metal by Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Materials[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,281:379-388.
[3]WU Chen-xi,ZHANG Kai,HUANG Xiao-long,et al.Sorption of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products to Polyethylene Debris[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016:1-8.
[4]ENGLER,RICHARD E.The Complex Interaction between Marine Debris and Toxic Chemicals in the Ocean[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(22):12302-12315.
[5]VELZEBOER I,KWADIJK C J A F,KOELMANS A A.Strong Sorption of PCBs to Nanoplastics,Microplastics,Carbon Nanotubes,and Fullerenes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(9):4869-4876.
[6]RIOS L M,JONES P R,MOORE C,et al.Quantitation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Adsorbed on Plastic Debris from the Northern Pacific Gyre\"s“Eastern Garbage Patch”[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2010,12(12):2226.
[7]XU Bai-le,LIU Fei,BROOKES P C,et al.The Sorption Kinetics and Isotherms of Sulfamethoxazole with Polyethylene Microplastics[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,131:191-196.
[8]YU Ping,LIU Zhi-quan,WU Dong-lei,et al.Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Juvenile Eriocheir Sinensisand Oxidative Stress Effects in the Liver[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,200:28-36.
[9]VIGNESH T,ISWARYA V,ABRAHAM J P,et al.Influence of Differently Functionalized Polystyrene Microplastics on the Toxic Effects of P25 TiO2 NPs towards Marine Algae Chlorella sp[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2019(207):208-216.
[10]CARPENTER E J,ANDERSON S J,HARVEY G R,et al.Polystyrene Spherules in Coastal Waters[J].Science,1972,178(4062):749-750.
[11]CHEN Jian-min,TAN Ming-guang,NEMMAR A,et al.Quantification of Extrapulmonary Translocation of Intratracheal-instilled Particles in Vivo in Rats:Effect of Lipopolysaccharide[J].Toxicology,2006,222(3):195-201.
[12]MAURIZIO F,GIUSEPPINA L,MARGHERITA T,et al.Polystyrene Nanoparticles Internalization in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2016,31:126-136.
[13]LIANG Lu,WAN Zhi-qin,LUO Ting,et al.Polystyrene Microplastics induce Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,631/632:449-458.
[14]WANG Yan-bo,ZHOU Jin-ru,LIU Lin,et al.Characterization and Toxicology Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Embryonic Development of Zebrafish,Danio Rerio[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,141:204-210.
[15]WAN Zhi-qin,WANG Cai-yun,ZHOU Jia-jie,et al.Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Composition of the Microbiome and Metabolism in Larval Zebrafish[J].Chemosphere,2019,217:646-658.
[16]LEI Li-li,WU Si-yu,LU Shi-bo,et al.Microplastic Particles Cause Intestinal Damage and Other Adverse Effects In Zebrafish Danio Rerio and Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,619/620:1-8.
[17]BESSELING E,FOEKEMA E M,VAN FRANEKER JA,et al.Microplastic in a Macro Filter Feeder:Humpback Whale Megaptera Novaeangliae[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,95(1):248-252.
[18]ZHAO S Y,DANLEY M,WARD J E,et al.An Approach for Extraction,Characterization and Quantitation of Microplastic in Natural Marine Snow Using Raman Microscopy[J].Analytical Methods,2016:10.1039.C6AY02302A.
[19]HARRISON J P,OJEDA J J,ROMERO-GONZLEZ ME.The Applicability of Reflectance Micro-FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Detection of Synthetic Microplastics in Marine Sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,416:455-463.
[20]UGOLINI A,UNGHERESE G,CIOFINI M,et al.Microplastic Debris in Sandhoppers[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,129(3):19-22.
[21]NG K L,OBBARD J P.Prevalence of Microplastics in Singapore,s Coastal Marine Environment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(7):761-767.
[22]SONG Y K,HONG S H,JANG M,et al.A Comparison of Microscopic and Spectroscopic Identification Methods for Analysis of Microplastics in Environmental Samples[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,93(1/2):202-209.
[23]FABIO C,HARM B,ESPERANZA H L,et al.Predicting Soil Microplastic Concentration Using Vis-NIRSpectroscopy[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:922-932.
[24]MINTENIG S M,L?DER M G J,PRIMPKE S,et al.Low Numbers of Microplastics Detected in Drinking Water from Ground Water Sources[J].Science of the Total Environment,648:631-635.
[25]IMHOF H K,LAFORSCH C,WIESHEU A C,et al.Pigments and Plastic in Limnetic Ecosystems:A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Microparticles of Different Size Classes[J].Water Research,2016,98:64-74.
[26]ARAUJO C F,NOLASCO M M,RIBEIRO A M P,et al.Identification of Microplastics Using Raman Spectroscopy:Latest Developments and Future Prospects[J].Water Research,2018(142):426-440.
[27]PHILIPP M A,ELISABETH E,THOMAS B,et al.Raman Microspectroscopy as a Tool for Microplastic Particle Analysis[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2018(109):214-226.
[28]SCHYMANSKI D,GOLDBECK C,HUMPF H U,et al.Analysis of Microplastics in Water by Micro-raman Spectroscopy:Release of Plastic Particles from Different Packaging into Mineral Water[J].Water Research,2017,129:154-162.
[29]LENA R,ENDERS K,STEDMON C,et al.A Critical Assessment of Visual Identification of Marine Microplastic Using Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis Improvement[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):82-91.
[30]FRèRE L,PAUL-PONT I,MOREAU J,et al.A Semiautomated Raman Micro-spectroscopy Method for Morphological and Chemical Characterizations of Microplastic Litter[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1/2):461-468.
[31]ERIK Dümichen,BARTHEL A K,BRAUN U,et al.Analysis of Polyethylene Microplastics in Environmental Samples,Using a Thermal Decomposition Method[J].Water Research,2015,85:451-457.
[32]FRIES E,DEKIFF J H,WILLMEYER J,et al.Identification of Polymer Types and Additives in Marine Microplastic Particles Using Pyrolysis-GC/MS and Scanning Electron Microscopy[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2013,15(10):1949.
[33]IVLEVA N P,WIESHEU A C,NIESSNER R.Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2017,56(7):1720-1739.
[34]DUEMICHEN E,EISENTRAUT P,CELINA M,et al.Automated Thermal Extraction-Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry:A Multifunctional Tool for Comprehensive Characterization of Polymers and Their Degradation Products[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2019,1592:133-142.
[35]ELERT A M,BECKER R,DUEMICHEN E,et al.Comparison of Different Methods for MP Detection:What Can We Learn from Them,and Why Asking the Right Question before Measurments Matters?[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,231:1256-1264.
[36]COLLEEN A P,ERIK H,ELIZABETH C M,et al.PyrGC/MS Analysis of Microplastics Extracted from the Stomach Content of Benthivore Fish from the Texas Gulf Coast[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,137:91-95.
[37]DEKIFF J H,REMY D,J?RG KLASMEIER,et al.Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Sediments from Norderney[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,186(96):248-256.
[38]NUELLE M T,DEKIFFJ H,REMY D,et al.A New Analytical Approach for Monitoring Microplastics in Marine Sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,184:161-169.
[39]ZHU Bing-qi,XU Xiao-ying,LUO Jin-wen,et al.Simultaneous Determination of 131 Pesticides in Tea by online GPC-GC-MS/MS Using Graphitized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent[J].Food Chemistry,2019,276:202-208.
[40]KAMAL K,NAZIRA S,GASSAN S,et al.Formation study of Bisphenol A resole by HPLC,GPC and Curing Kinetics by DSC[J].Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2016,9:S1225-S1232.
[41]BIVER T,BIANCHI S,CAROSI M R,et al.Selective Determination of Poly(styrene)and Polyolefin Microplastics in Sandy Beach Sediments by Gel Permeation Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,136:269-275.
[42]刘程程.嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP薄膜的微相结构研究[J].生物化工,2017,3(5):63-66.LIU Cheng-cheng.Microphase Structure of Block Copolymer PS-b-P4VP Film[J].Biochemical Engineering,2017,3(5):63-66.
[43]SHAN Jia-jia,ZHAO Jun-bo,ZHANG Yi-tuo,et al.Simple and Rapid Detection of Microplastics in Seawater Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2018,1050:161-168.
[44]SERRANTI S,PALMIERI R,BONIFAZI G,et al.Characterization of Microplastic Litter from Oceans by an Innovative Approach Based on Hyperspectral Imaging[J].Waste Management,2018,76:117-125.
[45]COOPER D A,CORCORAN P L.Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Processes on the Degradation of Plastic Beach Debris on the Island of Kauai,Hawaii[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(5):650-654.
[46]SHIM W J,HONG S H,EO S.Identification Methods in Microplastic Analysis:a Review[J].Analytical Methods,2017,9(9):1384-1391.
[47]DEHGHANI S,MOORE F,AKHBARIZADEH R.Microplastic Pollution in Deposited Urban Dust,Tehran Metropolis,Iran[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(8):1-12.
[48]WANG Z M,WAGNER J,GHOSAL S,et al.SEM/EDSand Optical Microscopy Analyses of Microplastics in Ocean Trawl and Fish Guts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,603/604:616-626.
[49]HORTON A A,WALTON A,SPURGEON D J,et al.Microplastics in Freshwater and Terrestrial Environments:Evaluating the Current Understanding to Identify the Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Priorities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,586:127-141.
[50]CHAE Y,AN Y J.Current Research Trends on Plastic Pollution and Ecological Impacts on the Soil Ecosystem:a Review[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,240:387-395.
[51]SADRI S S,THOMPSON R C.On the Quantity and Composition of Floating Plastic Debris Entering and Leaving the Tamar Estuary,Southwest England[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,81(1):55-60.
[52]ZHAO Shi-ye,ZHU Li-xin,WANG Teng,et al.Suspended Microplastics in the Surface Water of the Yangtze Estuary System,China:First Observations on Occurrence,Distribution[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,86(1/2):562-568.
[53]VIANELLO A,BOLDRIN A,GUERRIERO P,et al.Microplastic Particles in Sediments of Lagoon of Venice,Italy:First Observations on Occurrence,Spatial Patterns and Identification[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,130:54-61.
[54]QIU Qiong-xuan,PENG Jin-ping,YU Xu-biao,et al.Occurrence of Microplastics in the Coastal Marine Environment:First Observation on Sediment of China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,98:274-280.
[55]LI Jia-na,YANG Dong-qi,LI Lan,et al.Microplastics in Commercial Bivalves from China[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,207:190-195.
[2]WANG Jun,CHEN Bao-liang.Adsorption and Coadsorption of Organic Pollutants and a Heavy Metal by Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Materials[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,281:379-388.
[3]WU Chen-xi,ZHANG Kai,HUANG Xiao-long,et al.Sorption of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products to Polyethylene Debris[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016:1-8.
[4]ENGLER,RICHARD E.The Complex Interaction between Marine Debris and Toxic Chemicals in the Ocean[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(22):12302-12315.
[5]VELZEBOER I,KWADIJK C J A F,KOELMANS A A.Strong Sorption of PCBs to Nanoplastics,Microplastics,Carbon Nanotubes,and Fullerenes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(9):4869-4876.
[6]RIOS L M,JONES P R,MOORE C,et al.Quantitation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Adsorbed on Plastic Debris from the Northern Pacific Gyre\"s“Eastern Garbage Patch”[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2010,12(12):2226.
[7]XU Bai-le,LIU Fei,BROOKES P C,et al.The Sorption Kinetics and Isotherms of Sulfamethoxazole with Polyethylene Microplastics[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,131:191-196.
[8]YU Ping,LIU Zhi-quan,WU Dong-lei,et al.Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Juvenile Eriocheir Sinensisand Oxidative Stress Effects in the Liver[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,200:28-36.
[9]VIGNESH T,ISWARYA V,ABRAHAM J P,et al.Influence of Differently Functionalized Polystyrene Microplastics on the Toxic Effects of P25 TiO2 NPs towards Marine Algae Chlorella sp[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2019(207):208-216.
[10]CARPENTER E J,ANDERSON S J,HARVEY G R,et al.Polystyrene Spherules in Coastal Waters[J].Science,1972,178(4062):749-750.
[11]CHEN Jian-min,TAN Ming-guang,NEMMAR A,et al.Quantification of Extrapulmonary Translocation of Intratracheal-instilled Particles in Vivo in Rats:Effect of Lipopolysaccharide[J].Toxicology,2006,222(3):195-201.
[12]MAURIZIO F,GIUSEPPINA L,MARGHERITA T,et al.Polystyrene Nanoparticles Internalization in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2016,31:126-136.
[13]LIANG Lu,WAN Zhi-qin,LUO Ting,et al.Polystyrene Microplastics induce Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,631/632:449-458.
[14]WANG Yan-bo,ZHOU Jin-ru,LIU Lin,et al.Characterization and Toxicology Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Embryonic Development of Zebrafish,Danio Rerio[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,141:204-210.
[15]WAN Zhi-qin,WANG Cai-yun,ZHOU Jia-jie,et al.Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Composition of the Microbiome and Metabolism in Larval Zebrafish[J].Chemosphere,2019,217:646-658.
[16]LEI Li-li,WU Si-yu,LU Shi-bo,et al.Microplastic Particles Cause Intestinal Damage and Other Adverse Effects In Zebrafish Danio Rerio and Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,619/620:1-8.
[17]BESSELING E,FOEKEMA E M,VAN FRANEKER JA,et al.Microplastic in a Macro Filter Feeder:Humpback Whale Megaptera Novaeangliae[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,95(1):248-252.
[18]ZHAO S Y,DANLEY M,WARD J E,et al.An Approach for Extraction,Characterization and Quantitation of Microplastic in Natural Marine Snow Using Raman Microscopy[J].Analytical Methods,2016:10.1039.C6AY02302A.
[19]HARRISON J P,OJEDA J J,ROMERO-GONZLEZ ME.The Applicability of Reflectance Micro-FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Detection of Synthetic Microplastics in Marine Sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,416:455-463.
[20]UGOLINI A,UNGHERESE G,CIOFINI M,et al.Microplastic Debris in Sandhoppers[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,129(3):19-22.
[21]NG K L,OBBARD J P.Prevalence of Microplastics in Singapore,s Coastal Marine Environment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(7):761-767.
[22]SONG Y K,HONG S H,JANG M,et al.A Comparison of Microscopic and Spectroscopic Identification Methods for Analysis of Microplastics in Environmental Samples[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,93(1/2):202-209.
[23]FABIO C,HARM B,ESPERANZA H L,et al.Predicting Soil Microplastic Concentration Using Vis-NIRSpectroscopy[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:922-932.
[24]MINTENIG S M,L?DER M G J,PRIMPKE S,et al.Low Numbers of Microplastics Detected in Drinking Water from Ground Water Sources[J].Science of the Total Environment,648:631-635.
[25]IMHOF H K,LAFORSCH C,WIESHEU A C,et al.Pigments and Plastic in Limnetic Ecosystems:A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Microparticles of Different Size Classes[J].Water Research,2016,98:64-74.
[26]ARAUJO C F,NOLASCO M M,RIBEIRO A M P,et al.Identification of Microplastics Using Raman Spectroscopy:Latest Developments and Future Prospects[J].Water Research,2018(142):426-440.
[27]PHILIPP M A,ELISABETH E,THOMAS B,et al.Raman Microspectroscopy as a Tool for Microplastic Particle Analysis[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2018(109):214-226.
[28]SCHYMANSKI D,GOLDBECK C,HUMPF H U,et al.Analysis of Microplastics in Water by Micro-raman Spectroscopy:Release of Plastic Particles from Different Packaging into Mineral Water[J].Water Research,2017,129:154-162.
[29]LENA R,ENDERS K,STEDMON C,et al.A Critical Assessment of Visual Identification of Marine Microplastic Using Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis Improvement[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):82-91.
[30]FRèRE L,PAUL-PONT I,MOREAU J,et al.A Semiautomated Raman Micro-spectroscopy Method for Morphological and Chemical Characterizations of Microplastic Litter[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1/2):461-468.
[31]ERIK Dümichen,BARTHEL A K,BRAUN U,et al.Analysis of Polyethylene Microplastics in Environmental Samples,Using a Thermal Decomposition Method[J].Water Research,2015,85:451-457.
[32]FRIES E,DEKIFF J H,WILLMEYER J,et al.Identification of Polymer Types and Additives in Marine Microplastic Particles Using Pyrolysis-GC/MS and Scanning Electron Microscopy[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2013,15(10):1949.
[33]IVLEVA N P,WIESHEU A C,NIESSNER R.Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2017,56(7):1720-1739.
[34]DUEMICHEN E,EISENTRAUT P,CELINA M,et al.Automated Thermal Extraction-Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry:A Multifunctional Tool for Comprehensive Characterization of Polymers and Their Degradation Products[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2019,1592:133-142.
[35]ELERT A M,BECKER R,DUEMICHEN E,et al.Comparison of Different Methods for MP Detection:What Can We Learn from Them,and Why Asking the Right Question before Measurments Matters?[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,231:1256-1264.
[36]COLLEEN A P,ERIK H,ELIZABETH C M,et al.PyrGC/MS Analysis of Microplastics Extracted from the Stomach Content of Benthivore Fish from the Texas Gulf Coast[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,137:91-95.
[37]DEKIFF J H,REMY D,J?RG KLASMEIER,et al.Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Sediments from Norderney[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,186(96):248-256.
[38]NUELLE M T,DEKIFFJ H,REMY D,et al.A New Analytical Approach for Monitoring Microplastics in Marine Sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,184:161-169.
[39]ZHU Bing-qi,XU Xiao-ying,LUO Jin-wen,et al.Simultaneous Determination of 131 Pesticides in Tea by online GPC-GC-MS/MS Using Graphitized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent[J].Food Chemistry,2019,276:202-208.
[40]KAMAL K,NAZIRA S,GASSAN S,et al.Formation study of Bisphenol A resole by HPLC,GPC and Curing Kinetics by DSC[J].Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2016,9:S1225-S1232.
[41]BIVER T,BIANCHI S,CAROSI M R,et al.Selective Determination of Poly(styrene)and Polyolefin Microplastics in Sandy Beach Sediments by Gel Permeation Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,136:269-275.
[42]刘程程.嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP薄膜的微相结构研究[J].生物化工,2017,3(5):63-66.LIU Cheng-cheng.Microphase Structure of Block Copolymer PS-b-P4VP Film[J].Biochemical Engineering,2017,3(5):63-66.
[43]SHAN Jia-jia,ZHAO Jun-bo,ZHANG Yi-tuo,et al.Simple and Rapid Detection of Microplastics in Seawater Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2018,1050:161-168.
[44]SERRANTI S,PALMIERI R,BONIFAZI G,et al.Characterization of Microplastic Litter from Oceans by an Innovative Approach Based on Hyperspectral Imaging[J].Waste Management,2018,76:117-125.
[45]COOPER D A,CORCORAN P L.Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Processes on the Degradation of Plastic Beach Debris on the Island of Kauai,Hawaii[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(5):650-654.
[46]SHIM W J,HONG S H,EO S.Identification Methods in Microplastic Analysis:a Review[J].Analytical Methods,2017,9(9):1384-1391.
[47]DEHGHANI S,MOORE F,AKHBARIZADEH R.Microplastic Pollution in Deposited Urban Dust,Tehran Metropolis,Iran[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(8):1-12.
[48]WANG Z M,WAGNER J,GHOSAL S,et al.SEM/EDSand Optical Microscopy Analyses of Microplastics in Ocean Trawl and Fish Guts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,603/604:616-626.
[49]HORTON A A,WALTON A,SPURGEON D J,et al.Microplastics in Freshwater and Terrestrial Environments:Evaluating the Current Understanding to Identify the Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Priorities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,586:127-141.
[50]CHAE Y,AN Y J.Current Research Trends on Plastic Pollution and Ecological Impacts on the Soil Ecosystem:a Review[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,240:387-395.
[51]SADRI S S,THOMPSON R C.On the Quantity and Composition of Floating Plastic Debris Entering and Leaving the Tamar Estuary,Southwest England[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,81(1):55-60.
[52]ZHAO Shi-ye,ZHU Li-xin,WANG Teng,et al.Suspended Microplastics in the Surface Water of the Yangtze Estuary System,China:First Observations on Occurrence,Distribution[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,86(1/2):562-568.
[53]VIANELLO A,BOLDRIN A,GUERRIERO P,et al.Microplastic Particles in Sediments of Lagoon of Venice,Italy:First Observations on Occurrence,Spatial Patterns and Identification[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,130:54-61.
[54]QIU Qiong-xuan,PENG Jin-ping,YU Xu-biao,et al.Occurrence of Microplastics in the Coastal Marine Environment:First Observation on Sediment of China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,98:274-280.
[55]LI Jia-na,YANG Dong-qi,LI Lan,et al.Microplastics in Commercial Bivalves from China[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,207:190-195.