中国情境下工作场所精神性的运作机理研究——组织行动者的“内圣外王”之道
|
摘要
现代组织中强调"合理化"的制度、技术、控制等一系列机械的管理模式,对员工行为和思维造成某种程度的压制和奴役,使员工处于一种本性异化和精神禁锢的被动状态和困境之中。根源于欧洲学术传统的组织社会学提出发掘个体能动性的组织行动者概念,为分析组织员工的真实行动逻辑和提升工作场所精神性提供了一种新的理论视角。后工业社会的管理实践,正在从剥离了员工主体性的工具理性向能够赋予员工以意义感、互联感及内心体验等精神性的方向转化,儒家的治理思想可以有力地支撑这一组织转向。本文基于儒家文化背景,深入探讨了员工个体在儒家"内圣外王"的伦理机制干预下,利用自身的行动能力内外并重所建构的工作场所精神性运作机理,对组织中的员工增进和满足其情感需求、精神救赎及工作意义感具有重要的现实意义。
Modern organizations have an emphasize on a series of mechanical management modes,such as the "rationalization"system,technology and control,resulting in the suppression and enslavement of employees' behavior and thinking in some way and then putting employees in a passive state and predicament of alienation of nature and mental imprisonment. Organizational sociology that roots in European academic tradition puts forward the concept of organizational actors to explore individual initiative,providing a new theoretical perspective for analyzing the real logic of action of organizational employees and promoting the spirituality of the workplace. The management practice of post-industrial society is changing from the instrumental rationality stripping the subjectivity of employees to the spiritual direction endowing employees with a sense of significance,interconnection and inner experience. Confucian governance thought can strongly support this organizational shift. Based on the Confucian cultural background,this paper probes deeply into the spiritual operation mechanism of workplace constructed by individual employees who utilize internal and external action abilities under the intervention of the ethical mechanism of "Internal sanctity and External kingliness",which has an important practical significance to the promotion and satisfaction of emotional needs,spiritual salvation and sense of work of employees in organization.
Modern organizations have an emphasize on a series of mechanical management modes,such as the "rationalization"system,technology and control,resulting in the suppression and enslavement of employees' behavior and thinking in some way and then putting employees in a passive state and predicament of alienation of nature and mental imprisonment. Organizational sociology that roots in European academic tradition puts forward the concept of organizational actors to explore individual initiative,providing a new theoretical perspective for analyzing the real logic of action of organizational employees and promoting the spirituality of the workplace. The management practice of post-industrial society is changing from the instrumental rationality stripping the subjectivity of employees to the spiritual direction endowing employees with a sense of significance,interconnection and inner experience. Confucian governance thought can strongly support this organizational shift. Based on the Confucian cultural background,this paper probes deeply into the spiritual operation mechanism of workplace constructed by individual employees who utilize internal and external action abilities under the intervention of the ethical mechanism of "Internal sanctity and External kingliness",which has an important practical significance to the promotion and satisfaction of emotional needs,spiritual salvation and sense of work of employees in organization.
引文
(1)(6)(9)(10)(11)(13)[法]埃哈尔·费埃德伯格:《权力与规则---组织行动的动力》,张月译,上海人民出版2005年版,第25、30、25、200-202、204-205、200页。
(2)[德]马克斯·韦伯:《新教与资本主义精神》,于晓、陈维纲等译,三联书店1998年版,第138页。
(3)Ashmos D.P.,&D.Duchon.,Spirituality at Work:A Conceptualization and Measure,Journal of Management Inquiry,Vol.9,No.2(2000),pp.134-145.
(4)Sheng C.W.,&Chen M.C.,Workplace Spirituality Scale Design from the View of Oriental Culture,Business and Management Research,Vol.1,No.4(2012),pp.46-62.
(5)[美]艾里希·弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙开祥译,中国联合出版社1959年版,第23页。
(7)胡国栋:《礼治秩序:中国本土组织的控制机制及其人文特质》,《财经问题研究》2014年第12期。
(8)弗洛姆、纪辉、高地:《资本主义下的异化问题》,《世界哲学》1981年版,第68-75页。
(12)贺旭辉:《论组织决策中行动者的不确定性及自由余地》,《内蒙古社会科学》(汉文版)2006年第3期。
(14)高良谋、胡国栋:《情感与计算:组织中的逻辑悖论及其耦合机制》,《中国工业经济》2013年第8期。
(15)高良谋、胡国栋:《人性结构与管理性质》,《哲学研究》2012年第11期。
(16)梁启超:《儒家哲学》,中华书局2015年版,第3页。
(17)熊十力:《原儒》,上海书店2009年版,第1-2页。
(18)自我技术:“允许个人运用他自己的方法或借助他人之帮助对自己的躯体、灵魂、思想、行为、存在方式施加某种影响,改变自我,以达到某种愉悦、纯洁、智慧或永恒的状态”的实践。(Foucault,1988)。
(19)Aristotle:Metaphysics,The Basic Work of Aristotle,Random House,1941,p.778.
(20)新生代员工一般指20世纪80年代后出生的一类社会群体,大部分人已经参加工作,成为企业创造价值、为社会创造财富的中坚力量。
(21)Rousseau D.M.,&Fried Y.,Location,location,location:contextualizing organizational research,Journal of Organizational Behavior,Vol.22,No.1(2001),pp.1-13.
(22)Milliman J.,Czaplewski A.J.,Ferguson J.,Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes,Journal of Organizational Change Management,Vol.16,No.4(2003),pp.426-447.
(23)Rust B.,&Gabriels C.,Spirituality in the workplace:Awareness of the human resources function,Competitiveness Review,Vol.5,No.4(2011),pp.102-107.
(24)Ashmos D.P.,&Duchon,D.,Spirituality at Work:A Conceptualization and Measure,Journal of Management Inquiry,Vol.9,No.2(2000),pp.134-145.
(25)景怀斌:《孔子“仁”的终极观及其功用的心理机制》,《中国社会科学》2012年第4期。
(26)李泽厚:《中国古代思想史论》,天津社会科学院出版社2003年版,第15页。
(27)黄光国:《儒家关系主义---文化反思与典范重建》,台北巨流图书公司1988年版,第51页。
(28)Kahn,H.,World Economic Development1979 and Beyond,Westview Press,1979.
(2)[德]马克斯·韦伯:《新教与资本主义精神》,于晓、陈维纲等译,三联书店1998年版,第138页。
(3)Ashmos D.P.,&D.Duchon.,Spirituality at Work:A Conceptualization and Measure,Journal of Management Inquiry,Vol.9,No.2(2000),pp.134-145.
(4)Sheng C.W.,&Chen M.C.,Workplace Spirituality Scale Design from the View of Oriental Culture,Business and Management Research,Vol.1,No.4(2012),pp.46-62.
(5)[美]艾里希·弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙开祥译,中国联合出版社1959年版,第23页。
(7)胡国栋:《礼治秩序:中国本土组织的控制机制及其人文特质》,《财经问题研究》2014年第12期。
(8)弗洛姆、纪辉、高地:《资本主义下的异化问题》,《世界哲学》1981年版,第68-75页。
(12)贺旭辉:《论组织决策中行动者的不确定性及自由余地》,《内蒙古社会科学》(汉文版)2006年第3期。
(14)高良谋、胡国栋:《情感与计算:组织中的逻辑悖论及其耦合机制》,《中国工业经济》2013年第8期。
(15)高良谋、胡国栋:《人性结构与管理性质》,《哲学研究》2012年第11期。
(16)梁启超:《儒家哲学》,中华书局2015年版,第3页。
(17)熊十力:《原儒》,上海书店2009年版,第1-2页。
(18)自我技术:“允许个人运用他自己的方法或借助他人之帮助对自己的躯体、灵魂、思想、行为、存在方式施加某种影响,改变自我,以达到某种愉悦、纯洁、智慧或永恒的状态”的实践。(Foucault,1988)。
(19)Aristotle:Metaphysics,The Basic Work of Aristotle,Random House,1941,p.778.
(20)新生代员工一般指20世纪80年代后出生的一类社会群体,大部分人已经参加工作,成为企业创造价值、为社会创造财富的中坚力量。
(21)Rousseau D.M.,&Fried Y.,Location,location,location:contextualizing organizational research,Journal of Organizational Behavior,Vol.22,No.1(2001),pp.1-13.
(22)Milliman J.,Czaplewski A.J.,Ferguson J.,Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes,Journal of Organizational Change Management,Vol.16,No.4(2003),pp.426-447.
(23)Rust B.,&Gabriels C.,Spirituality in the workplace:Awareness of the human resources function,Competitiveness Review,Vol.5,No.4(2011),pp.102-107.
(24)Ashmos D.P.,&Duchon,D.,Spirituality at Work:A Conceptualization and Measure,Journal of Management Inquiry,Vol.9,No.2(2000),pp.134-145.
(25)景怀斌:《孔子“仁”的终极观及其功用的心理机制》,《中国社会科学》2012年第4期。
(26)李泽厚:《中国古代思想史论》,天津社会科学院出版社2003年版,第15页。
(27)黄光国:《儒家关系主义---文化反思与典范重建》,台北巨流图书公司1988年版,第51页。
(28)Kahn,H.,World Economic Development1979 and Beyond,Westview Press,1979.