钢轨短波长波磨处的高速滚动接触分析
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摘要
通过对某高速线路上出现的钢轨波磨的现场测量,采用显式有限元法建立三维高速瞬态滚动接触模型,分析轮轨在波磨处的高速(300 km/h)滚动行为。利用实体单元划分具有真实几何的轮对与钢轨,轮轨间的法、切向瞬态滚动接触问题由面面接触算法于时域内求解,同时考虑车辆和轨道系统的主要部件。车轮在光滑钢轨上的滚动结果显示,该模型可以建立起轮轨间稳态滚动接触,为研究表面不平顺处的滚动接触奠定了基础。分析某高速线路的钢轨波磨的波长和波深对轮轨瞬态滚动接触的影响,讨论不同牵引系数条件下波磨处的瞬态滚动接触行为。结果表明:波磨引起的轮轨法、切向接触力均在波长为80 mm(现场观测到的主波长)时达到最大,即数值重现了上述高速线路的波磨主波长;接触力随波深的增大单调递增,但增长率逐渐减少;牵引系数越大,钢轨发生不均匀磨损或塑性变形的可能性越大,即波磨产生的可能性越大。
Through the field measurements of rail corrugation occurred on a high-speed line,a three-dimensional highspeed transient wheel-rail rolling contact model was established by using the explicit finite element method( FEM) to investigate the high-speed( 300 km / h) wheel-rail rolling behavior on corrugated rails. Solid elements were employed to mesh the wheelset and rail to take into account their actual geometries,the normal and tangential contact solutions was obtain by solving the transient rolling contact in the time domain in directions of tangent and normal between wheel and rail.Meanwhile,important components of the vehicle and rail systems were considered properly. The wheel-rail rolling contact results on a smooth rail show that the steady wheel-rail rolling contact on rails can be obtained by the model,which builds a basis for studies into transient rolling contact on irregularities like corrugation. The influence of the corrugation geometries,namely the wavelength and wave-depth was analyzed,the transient rolling contact behavior on the corrugation at different traction coefficients was discussed. The result shows that both the normal and tangential contact forces caucused by corrugation reach their maximums at a wavelength of 80 mm( a main corrugation wavelength observed in field),which numerically reproduces the main corrugation wavelength of the above high-speed line. With the increase of the wave-depth,the contact force is monotonically increased,but the increase rate is gradually decreased. A larger traction coefficient will lead to larger amplitudes of irregular plastic deformation and wear on the rail surface,i. e.,faster corrugation initiation and growth.
Through the field measurements of rail corrugation occurred on a high-speed line,a three-dimensional highspeed transient wheel-rail rolling contact model was established by using the explicit finite element method( FEM) to investigate the high-speed( 300 km / h) wheel-rail rolling behavior on corrugated rails. Solid elements were employed to mesh the wheelset and rail to take into account their actual geometries,the normal and tangential contact solutions was obtain by solving the transient rolling contact in the time domain in directions of tangent and normal between wheel and rail.Meanwhile,important components of the vehicle and rail systems were considered properly. The wheel-rail rolling contact results on a smooth rail show that the steady wheel-rail rolling contact on rails can be obtained by the model,which builds a basis for studies into transient rolling contact on irregularities like corrugation. The influence of the corrugation geometries,namely the wavelength and wave-depth was analyzed,the transient rolling contact behavior on the corrugation at different traction coefficients was discussed. The result shows that both the normal and tangential contact forces caucused by corrugation reach their maximums at a wavelength of 80 mm( a main corrugation wavelength observed in field),which numerically reproduces the main corrugation wavelength of the above high-speed line. With the increase of the wave-depth,the contact force is monotonically increased,but the increase rate is gradually decreased. A larger traction coefficient will lead to larger amplitudes of irregular plastic deformation and wear on the rail surface,i. e.,faster corrugation initiation and growth.
引文
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【9】金学松,温泽峰,王开云.钢轨磨耗型波磨计算模型与数值方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(2):12-18.Jin Xuesong,Wen Zefeng,Wang Kaiyun.Theoretical model and numerical method of rail corrugation[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2005,5(2):12-18.
【10】金学松,温泽峰,肖新标.曲线钢轨初始波磨形成的机理分析[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(3):1-8.Jin Xuesong,Wen Zefeng,Xiao Xinbiao.Investigation into mechanism of initial rail corrugation formation at a curved track[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(3):1-8.
【11】温泽峰.钢轨波浪形磨损研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
【12】Grassie S L,Gregory R W,Harrison D,et al.The dynamic response of railway track to high frequency vertical excitation[J].Journal Mechanical Engineering Science,1982,24:77-90.
【13】Zhai W M.Two simple fast integration methods for large-scale dynamic problems in engineering[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1996,39:4199-4214.
【14】Andersson C,Dahlberg T.Wheel/rail impacts at railway turnout crossing[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1998,212:123-134.
【15】赵鑫,温泽峰,王衡禹,等.三维高速轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(18):1-7.Zhao Xin,Wen Zefeng,Wang Hengyu,et al.A 3-D transient finite element model for high-speed wheel-rail in rolling contact and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(18):1-7.
【16】Zhao X,Li Z.The solution of frictional wheel-rail rolling contact with a 3D transient finite element model:Validation and error analysis[J].Wear,2011,271:444-452.
【17】Johnson K L.Contact mechanics[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1985:202-210.
【2】Grassie S L,Kalousek J.Rail corrugation:characteristics,causes and treatments[J].IMech E,1993,207(F):57-68.
【3】Grassie S L.Rail corrugation:advances in measurement,understanding and treatment[J].Wear,2005,258(7-8):1224-1234.
【4】Grassie S L.Rail corrugation:characteristics,causes,and treatments[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2009,223(6):581-596.
【5】刘启跃,刘钟华,王夏秋.沪杭线钢轨波磨成因分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1990(3):23-29.Liu Qiyue,Liu Zhonghua,Wang Xiaqiu.Anaysis of the cause of Hu-Hang track corrugation[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1990(3):23-29.
【6】刘启跃,王夏秋,周仲荣.钢轨表面波浪形磨损研究[J].摩擦学学报,1998,18(4):337-340.Liu Qiyue,Wang Xiaqiu,Zhou Zhongrong.An investigation of rail corrugation[J].Tribology,1998,18(4):337-340.
【7】王步康,谢友柏.钢轨短波波磨的产生机理[J].摩擦学学报,2001,21(5):375-378.Wang Bukang,Xie Youbai.Mechanism of short wavelength corrugation of rail surface[J].Tribology,2001,21(5):375-378.
【8】王步康,董光能,刘永红,等.钢轨短波长波浪形磨损的安定性分析[J].摩擦学学报,2004,24(1):70-73.Wang Bukang,Dong Guangneng,Liu Yonghong,et al.Shakedown analysis of rolling contact surface withshort-wavelength corrugation[J].Tribology,2004,24(1):70-73.
【9】金学松,温泽峰,王开云.钢轨磨耗型波磨计算模型与数值方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(2):12-18.Jin Xuesong,Wen Zefeng,Wang Kaiyun.Theoretical model and numerical method of rail corrugation[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2005,5(2):12-18.
【10】金学松,温泽峰,肖新标.曲线钢轨初始波磨形成的机理分析[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(3):1-8.Jin Xuesong,Wen Zefeng,Xiao Xinbiao.Investigation into mechanism of initial rail corrugation formation at a curved track[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(3):1-8.
【11】温泽峰.钢轨波浪形磨损研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
【12】Grassie S L,Gregory R W,Harrison D,et al.The dynamic response of railway track to high frequency vertical excitation[J].Journal Mechanical Engineering Science,1982,24:77-90.
【13】Zhai W M.Two simple fast integration methods for large-scale dynamic problems in engineering[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1996,39:4199-4214.
【14】Andersson C,Dahlberg T.Wheel/rail impacts at railway turnout crossing[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1998,212:123-134.
【15】赵鑫,温泽峰,王衡禹,等.三维高速轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(18):1-7.Zhao Xin,Wen Zefeng,Wang Hengyu,et al.A 3-D transient finite element model for high-speed wheel-rail in rolling contact and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(18):1-7.
【16】Zhao X,Li Z.The solution of frictional wheel-rail rolling contact with a 3D transient finite element model:Validation and error analysis[J].Wear,2011,271:444-452.
【17】Johnson K L.Contact mechanics[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1985:202-210.