青海育成小麦5个主效矮秆基因的分子检测
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摘要
为系统了解青海小麦矮秆基因的分布特点,并进一步为青海高原小麦的株高育种提供优异种质资源。本研究利用5个矮秆基因的特异性分子标记对82份青海小麦品种资源中的矮秆基因进行了检测,并对不同矮秆基因的降秆效应进行了分析。结果表明:82份青海育成小麦品种中有49份材料至少含有一个矮秆基因,其中Rht-B1b的分布频率最高,约占参试材料的28.0%,其次是分布频率为23.2%的Rht8基因,而矮秆基因Rht-D1b、Rht5以及Rht12的分布频率分别为9.8%、13.4%、9.8%。在49份含有不同种类矮秆基因的材料中,其中16份材料同时含有2种及以上的矮秆基因,即RhtB1b和Rht8、Rht-D1b和Rht8、Rht-B1b和Rht5、Rht-D1b和Rht5、Rht8和Rht5、Rht-B1b和Rht12、Rht5和Rht12,并未发现同时含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种;2份材料分别含有3种矮秆基因,即Rht-B1b、Rht8、Rht12和Rht-B1b、Rht5、Rht8;其余31份材料仅含有1种矮秆基因。82份青海育成小麦材料中仅含有Rht-B1b的材料11份,平均株高为86.2 cm,其降秆效应为5.7%;只含有Rht-D1b的材料有5份,平均株高为84.9 cm,其降秆效应为7.1%;仅含有Rht8的材料有9份,平均株高为88.6 cm,其降秆效应为3.1%。因此,在青海育成小麦品种中,矮秆基因的降秆效应为Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b>Rht8。
In order to understand the distribution characteristics of dwarf genes in Qinghai province and furtherly offer excellent germplasm resources of dwarfing breeding for Qinghai plateau wheat.82 wheat varieties of Qinghai wheat were used to detect by five markers of dwarf genes.This study also analyzed the effect of different dwarf genes to reduce plant height.There were 49 bred wheats contained at least a dwarf gene in 82 Qinghai materials.Highest frequency of Rht-B1b,accounted for about 28.0% of the total materials.The second was Rht8,accounted for about 23.2% of the total materials.The distribution frequency of dwarf gene Rht-D1b,Rht5 and Rht12 was 9.8%,13.4%and 9.8%,respectively.Including 16 materials contained two or more than 2 dwarf genes in 49 materials which contained different dwarf genes,namely Rht-B1b and Rht8,Rht-D1b and Rht8,Rht-B1b and Rht5,Rht-D1b and Rht5,Rht8 and Rht5,Rht-B1b and Rht12,Rht5 and Rht12.No varieties were found containig Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes at the same time in 82 Qinghai wheats.There were two varieties containing three dwarfing genes at the same time,including one material contained Rht-B1b,Rht8 and Rht12 genes.Another one contained Rht-B1b,Rht5 and Rht8.The rest of the 31 varieties each contained one dwarf gene.Their were 11 materials which only contained Rht-B1b,its average height was 86.2 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 5.7%.Their were five materials which only contained Rht-D1b,its average height was 84.9 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was7.1%.Only nine materials had dwarf gene Rht8,its average plant height was 88.6 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 3.1%.Therefore,in the bred wheat varieties in Qinghai,the effect of reducing plant height of the three dwarf genes were Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b>Rht8.
In order to understand the distribution characteristics of dwarf genes in Qinghai province and furtherly offer excellent germplasm resources of dwarfing breeding for Qinghai plateau wheat.82 wheat varieties of Qinghai wheat were used to detect by five markers of dwarf genes.This study also analyzed the effect of different dwarf genes to reduce plant height.There were 49 bred wheats contained at least a dwarf gene in 82 Qinghai materials.Highest frequency of Rht-B1b,accounted for about 28.0% of the total materials.The second was Rht8,accounted for about 23.2% of the total materials.The distribution frequency of dwarf gene Rht-D1b,Rht5 and Rht12 was 9.8%,13.4%and 9.8%,respectively.Including 16 materials contained two or more than 2 dwarf genes in 49 materials which contained different dwarf genes,namely Rht-B1b and Rht8,Rht-D1b and Rht8,Rht-B1b and Rht5,Rht-D1b and Rht5,Rht8 and Rht5,Rht-B1b and Rht12,Rht5 and Rht12.No varieties were found containig Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes at the same time in 82 Qinghai wheats.There were two varieties containing three dwarfing genes at the same time,including one material contained Rht-B1b,Rht8 and Rht12 genes.Another one contained Rht-B1b,Rht5 and Rht8.The rest of the 31 varieties each contained one dwarf gene.Their were 11 materials which only contained Rht-B1b,its average height was 86.2 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 5.7%.Their were five materials which only contained Rht-D1b,its average height was 84.9 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was7.1%.Only nine materials had dwarf gene Rht8,its average plant height was 88.6 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 3.1%.Therefore,in the bred wheat varieties in Qinghai,the effect of reducing plant height of the three dwarf genes were Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b>Rht8.
引文
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[5]徐相波,张爱民,李新华,等.小麦矮源的利用和矮秆基因的研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,15(3):188-192
[6]Ellis M H,Spielmeyer W,Gale K R,et al.“Perfect”markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat[J].Theor Appl Genet,2002,105(6-7):1038-1042
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[10]万平,周青文,马正强,等.小麦矮秆基因Rht3的RAPD和RFLP标记分析[J].遗传学报,2001,28(11):1028-1033
[11]Li A X,Yang W L,Guo X L,et al.Isolatio of a gib-berellin-insensitive dwarfing gene,Rht-B1e,and development of a allele-specific PCR marker[J].Mol Breed,2012,30(3):1443-1451
[12]Ellis M H,Rebetzke G J,Azanza F,et al.Molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat[J].Theor Appl Genet,2005,111(3):423-430
[13]杨松杰,张晓科,何中虎,等.用STS标记检测矮秆基因RhtB1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(8):1680-1688
[14]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.用微卫星标记鉴定中国小麦品种中Rht8矮秆基因的分布[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):810-814
[15]唐娜,李博,闵红,等.分子标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b,Rht D1b和Rht8在我国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):21-26
[16]慕美财,刘勇,郭小丽,等.山东小麦品种中矮秆基因RhtB1b,Rht-D1b分布的分子鉴定[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(4):473-478
[17]Sagha I-Maroof M A,Soliman K M,Gorgensen R A,et al.Ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphismin barley:mendelian inheritance,chromosomal location and populationdynamics[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1984,81(24):8014-8018
[18]王述民,张宗文.世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(3):325-338
[19]姚金保,马鸿翔,姚国才,等.小麦抗倒伏研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(2):208-213
[20]Chebotar S V,Korzun V N,Sivolap Y M.Allele distribution at locus WMS261 marking the dwarfing gene Rht8 in common wheat cultivars of Southern Ukraine[J].Russ J Genet,2001,37(8):894-898
[21]Divasuk M G,Bespalova L A,Vasilyev A V,et al.Reduced height genes and their importance in winter wheat cultivars grown in southern Russia[J].Euphytica,2013,190(1):137-144
[22]Knopf C,Becker H,Ebmeyer E,et al.Occurrence of three dwarfing Rht genes in German winter wheat varieties[J].Cereal Res Commun,2008,36(4):553-560
[23]Ganeva G,Korzun V,Landjeva S,et al.Identification,distribution and effects on agronomic traits of the semi-dwarfing Rht alleles in Bulgarian common wheat cultivars[J].Euphytica,2005,145(3):305-315
[24]梁丹,杨芳萍,何中虎,等.利用STS标记检测CIMMYT小麦品种(系中)Lr34/Yr18.Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因的分布[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):17-27
[25]张晓科.中国小麦矮秆基因和春化基因分布及小麦品质相关性状多重PCR体系建立[R].北京:中国农业科学院博士后研究工作报告,2007
[26]周阳.中国冬小麦产量潜力及重要农艺性状的遗传改良[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005
[27]Kertesz Z,Flintham J E,Gale M D.Effects of Rht dwarfing genes on wheat grain Yield and its components under Eastern European conditions[J].Cereal Res Commun,1991,19(3):297-304
[28]Richards R A.The effect of dwarfing genes in spring wheat in dry environments.I.Agronomic characteristics[J].Crop Past Sci,1992,43(3):517-527
[29]Flintham J E,B9rner Worland A J,Gale M D.Optimizing wheat grain yield:effects of Rht(gibberellin-insensitive dwarfing genes[J].J Agric Sci,1997,128(1):11-25
[30]Guedira M,Brown-Guedira G,Sanford D V,et al.Distributio of genes in modern historic winter wheat cultivars from the Eastern and Central USA[J].Crop Sci,2010,50(5):1811-1822
[31]孙树贵,李艳丽,鲁敏,等.67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1087-1092
[2]Worland A J,Petrovic S.The gibberellic acid insensitive dwarfing gene from the wheat variety Saitama 27[J].Euphytica,1988,38(1):55-63
[3]Tang N,Jiang Y,He B R,et al.The effects of dwarfing genes(Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b,and Rht8)with different sensitivity to GA3on the coleoptile length and plant height of wheat[J].Agr Sci China,2009,8(9):1028-1038
[4]Zhang X,Yang S,Zhou Y,et al.Distribution of the Rht-B1b,RhtD1b and Rht8 reduced height genes in autumn-sown Chinese wheats detected by molecular markers[J].Euphytica,2006,152(1):109-116
[5]徐相波,张爱民,李新华,等.小麦矮源的利用和矮秆基因的研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,15(3):188-192
[6]Ellis M H,Spielmeyer W,Gale K R,et al.“Perfect”markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat[J].Theor Appl Genet,2002,105(6-7):1038-1042
[7]Korzun V,R9der M S,Ganal M W,et al.Genetic analysis of the dwarfing gene(Rht8)in wheat.Part I.Molecular mapping of Rht8on the short arm of chromosome 2D of bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:1104-1109
[8]Worland A J,Sayers E J,Korzun V.Allelic variation at the dwarfing gene Rht8 locus and its significance in international breeding programmes[J].Euphytica,2001,119(1):747-753
[9]Peng J R,Richards D E,Hartley N H,et al.“Green revolution”genes encode mutant gibber-ellin response modulators[J].Nature,1999,400:256-261
[10]万平,周青文,马正强,等.小麦矮秆基因Rht3的RAPD和RFLP标记分析[J].遗传学报,2001,28(11):1028-1033
[11]Li A X,Yang W L,Guo X L,et al.Isolatio of a gib-berellin-insensitive dwarfing gene,Rht-B1e,and development of a allele-specific PCR marker[J].Mol Breed,2012,30(3):1443-1451
[12]Ellis M H,Rebetzke G J,Azanza F,et al.Molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat[J].Theor Appl Genet,2005,111(3):423-430
[13]杨松杰,张晓科,何中虎,等.用STS标记检测矮秆基因RhtB1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(8):1680-1688
[14]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.用微卫星标记鉴定中国小麦品种中Rht8矮秆基因的分布[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):810-814
[15]唐娜,李博,闵红,等.分子标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b,Rht D1b和Rht8在我国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):21-26
[16]慕美财,刘勇,郭小丽,等.山东小麦品种中矮秆基因RhtB1b,Rht-D1b分布的分子鉴定[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(4):473-478
[17]Sagha I-Maroof M A,Soliman K M,Gorgensen R A,et al.Ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphismin barley:mendelian inheritance,chromosomal location and populationdynamics[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1984,81(24):8014-8018
[18]王述民,张宗文.世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(3):325-338
[19]姚金保,马鸿翔,姚国才,等.小麦抗倒伏研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(2):208-213
[20]Chebotar S V,Korzun V N,Sivolap Y M.Allele distribution at locus WMS261 marking the dwarfing gene Rht8 in common wheat cultivars of Southern Ukraine[J].Russ J Genet,2001,37(8):894-898
[21]Divasuk M G,Bespalova L A,Vasilyev A V,et al.Reduced height genes and their importance in winter wheat cultivars grown in southern Russia[J].Euphytica,2013,190(1):137-144
[22]Knopf C,Becker H,Ebmeyer E,et al.Occurrence of three dwarfing Rht genes in German winter wheat varieties[J].Cereal Res Commun,2008,36(4):553-560
[23]Ganeva G,Korzun V,Landjeva S,et al.Identification,distribution and effects on agronomic traits of the semi-dwarfing Rht alleles in Bulgarian common wheat cultivars[J].Euphytica,2005,145(3):305-315
[24]梁丹,杨芳萍,何中虎,等.利用STS标记检测CIMMYT小麦品种(系中)Lr34/Yr18.Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因的分布[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):17-27
[25]张晓科.中国小麦矮秆基因和春化基因分布及小麦品质相关性状多重PCR体系建立[R].北京:中国农业科学院博士后研究工作报告,2007
[26]周阳.中国冬小麦产量潜力及重要农艺性状的遗传改良[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005
[27]Kertesz Z,Flintham J E,Gale M D.Effects of Rht dwarfing genes on wheat grain Yield and its components under Eastern European conditions[J].Cereal Res Commun,1991,19(3):297-304
[28]Richards R A.The effect of dwarfing genes in spring wheat in dry environments.I.Agronomic characteristics[J].Crop Past Sci,1992,43(3):517-527
[29]Flintham J E,B9rner Worland A J,Gale M D.Optimizing wheat grain yield:effects of Rht(gibberellin-insensitive dwarfing genes[J].J Agric Sci,1997,128(1):11-25
[30]Guedira M,Brown-Guedira G,Sanford D V,et al.Distributio of genes in modern historic winter wheat cultivars from the Eastern and Central USA[J].Crop Sci,2010,50(5):1811-1822
[31]孙树贵,李艳丽,鲁敏,等.67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1087-1092