地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)雌雄配子体对酸雨胁迫的耐受性差异
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摘要
通过长期的进化,植物可以在个体、细胞及生理生化等多个水平上对酸雨胁迫作出响应.采用不同pH的模拟酸雨胁迫处理苔藓植物地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)雌雄配子体,比较两者之间的耐受性差异.结果表明:(1)与对照(pH 6.8)相比,酸雨胁迫可对地钱造成可见伤害症状;存活率、叶绿素含量、PSII原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)和实际光化学量子产量(Y_(eild))均降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化物酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性、基础荧光(F_0)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)均升高.(2)与对照相比,中(pH 4.0)、重度(pH 2.5)酸雨胁迫可对地钱的上述测定值造成显著影响;(3)中度酸雨胁迫下,存活率、MDA、POD、SOD、光合色素含量、F_v/F_m值、F0、NPQ值和Yeild值的变化雌雄之间均达到了显著性差异水平,其中雌性的存活率、POD、SOD、F_v/F_m值和Y_(eild)值均低于雄性.综上所述,酸雨胁迫会对地钱的植株、细胞膜系统以及光合系统造成不同程度的损伤,且雌雄配子体之间存在差异;酸雨胁迫下雄配子体抗褪绿和抗氧化的能力要高于雌配子体,表现出对酸雨胁迫更强的耐受性.本研究结果可为深入研究植物的性别生态适应以及酸雨对植被的影响提供重要的理论依据.
Acid rain(AR) is a major environmental factor that significantly limits plants growth and leads to vegetation destruction. Plants have evolved elaborate and intricate mechanisms to achieve optimal adaption to AR stress. They can respond to AR at multiple levels, including individual, cellular, and physiological and biochemical processes. However, the responses of dioecious bryophytes to AR stress and the differences in tolerance to AR between female and male gametophytes are not fully understood. In this study, thalli of Marchantia polymorpha were treated with different pH levels of AR, and gender differences in tolerance to AR were compared. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control of pH 6.8, AR caused the visible symptoms of injury to female and male gametophytes. The survival rate(%), chlorophyll content, maximum PSII efficiency(F_v/F_m), and actual PSII photochemical quantum yield(Y_(ield)) decreased, while the malondialdehyde(MDA)content, antioxidant enzyme activities(POD, SOD, and CAT), initial fluorescence(F_0), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ) increased.(2) Compared with the control, the above-mentioned parameters under moderate(pH 4.0) and severe(pH 2.5) levels of AR were significantly different.(3) Under moderate level, female gametophytes displayed a lower survival rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence parameters and a higher MDA content than that of male gametophytes. In summary, AR causes severe damages to the individual, photosynthetic system, and cellular membrane system of M. polymorpha, and the damage degree is different between female and male gametophytes. Furthermore,male gametophytes have higher resistance to chlorosis and antioxidation than female gametophytes under AR stress, indicating their higher tolerance to AR stress. These conclusions will lead to a better understanding of the ecological adaptability of dioecious plants and adaptation AR effects on vegetation.
Acid rain(AR) is a major environmental factor that significantly limits plants growth and leads to vegetation destruction. Plants have evolved elaborate and intricate mechanisms to achieve optimal adaption to AR stress. They can respond to AR at multiple levels, including individual, cellular, and physiological and biochemical processes. However, the responses of dioecious bryophytes to AR stress and the differences in tolerance to AR between female and male gametophytes are not fully understood. In this study, thalli of Marchantia polymorpha were treated with different pH levels of AR, and gender differences in tolerance to AR were compared. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control of pH 6.8, AR caused the visible symptoms of injury to female and male gametophytes. The survival rate(%), chlorophyll content, maximum PSII efficiency(F_v/F_m), and actual PSII photochemical quantum yield(Y_(ield)) decreased, while the malondialdehyde(MDA)content, antioxidant enzyme activities(POD, SOD, and CAT), initial fluorescence(F_0), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ) increased.(2) Compared with the control, the above-mentioned parameters under moderate(pH 4.0) and severe(pH 2.5) levels of AR were significantly different.(3) Under moderate level, female gametophytes displayed a lower survival rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence parameters and a higher MDA content than that of male gametophytes. In summary, AR causes severe damages to the individual, photosynthetic system, and cellular membrane system of M. polymorpha, and the damage degree is different between female and male gametophytes. Furthermore,male gametophytes have higher resistance to chlorosis and antioxidation than female gametophytes under AR stress, indicating their higher tolerance to AR stress. These conclusions will lead to a better understanding of the ecological adaptability of dioecious plants and adaptation AR effects on vegetation.
引文
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3周晓得,徐志方,刘文景,武瑶,赵童,蒋浩.中国西南酸雨区降水化学特征研究进展[J].环境科学,2017,10:4438-4446[Zhou XD,Xu ZF,Liu WJ,Wu Y,Zhao T,Jiang H.Progress in the studies of precipitation chemistry in acid rain areas of southwest China[J].Environ Sci,2017,10:4438-4446]
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6王玮.模拟酸雨处理的青菜显微和亚显微结构观察及部分生理指标测定[J].环境科学,1988,9(3):1-12[Wang W.Observation of microstructure and sub-microstructure of Chinese cabbage treated by simulated acid rain and determination of some physiological indexes[J].Environ Sci,1988,9(3):1-12]
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10 Dawson TE,Bliss LC.Patterns of water use and the tissue water relations in the dioecious shrub,Salix arctica:the physiological basis for habitat partitioning between the sexes[J].Oecologia,1989,79(3):332-343
11陈娟,李春阳.环境胁迫下雌雄异株植物的性别响应差异及竞争关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(4):743-750[Chen J,Li CY.Sexspecific responses to environmental stresses and sexual competition of dioecious plants[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2014,20(4):743-750]
12 Bram MR,Quinn JA.Sex expression,sex-specific traits,and the effects of salinity on growth and reproduction of Amaranthus cannabinus(Amaranthaceae),a dioecious annual[J].Am J Bot,2000,87:1609-1618
13 Chen LH,Han Y,Jiang H,Korpelainen H,Li CY.Nitrogen nutrient status induces sexual differences in responses to cadmium in Populus yunnanensis[J].J Exp Bot,2011,62(14):5037-5050
14 Li C,Yang Y,Ju nt tila O,Palva ET.Sexual differences in cold acclimation and freezing tolerance development in sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L)ecotypes[J].Plant Sci,2005,168(5):1365-1370
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17 Schilling JS,Lehman ME.Bioindication of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in the Southeastern US using the moss Thuidium delicatulum[J].Atmos Environ,36:1611-1618
18 Bowman JL,Araki T,Takayuki K.Marchantia:past,present and future[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2016,57(2):205
19 Mewari N,Kumar P.Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Marchantia polymorpha[J].Pharmac Biol,2008,46(11):819-822
20 G?kbulut A,Satilmis B,Batcio?lu K,Cetin B,Sarer E.Antioxidant activity and luteolin content of Marchantia polymorpha L.[J].Turk JBiol,2012,36(4):381-385
21宫庆彬.鳞叶藓和地钱对重金属胁迫的生理生化响应和耐受机制[D].成都:四川大学,2015[Gong QB.The responses and tolerance mechanism of Taxiphyllum taxirameum and Marchantia polymorpha to stress of Cd,Zn and Ni[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2015]
22 Roland MH,Sigrid MAT,Buena FG,Regina LCBH.Diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from Marchantia polymorpha populations from Baguio City,Philippines[J].Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci,2015,4(3):87-91
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