选区激光熔化成形和热处理工艺参数对316L钢试块的力学性能和表面质量的影响
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摘要
采用选区激光熔化技术,以不同的工艺参数,包括激光扫描速率(500～1 250mm/s)、曝光时间(8～60μs)、点间距(10～30μm)、线间距(90～130μm)等,制备了316L不锈钢试块,并对试块分别进行了500和900℃退火和1 000～1 050℃固溶处理。随后检测了试块的力学性能、显微组织和表面质量。结果表明:采用选区激光熔化工艺成形的316L钢试块可能会产生搭接、球化和气孔等表面缺陷,以及熔池内微孔、熔池间未熔合等截面缺陷,采用较高的激光扫描速率、较小的点间距、较短的曝光时间有利于改善试块的表面质量。此外,固溶处理可提高选区激光熔化成形的316L钢试块的力学性能:抗拉强度高达682 MPa,屈服强度约537MPa,断后伸长率约41%。
316 L stainless steel test blocks were fabricated by a selective laser melting(SLM technology at different parameters such as laser scanning speeds of 500 mm/s to 1 250 mm/s,times of exposure to laser of 8 μs to 60 μs,point intervals of 10 μm to 30 μm,line intervals of 90 μm to130 μm and so on,and annealed at 500 ℃ and 900 ℃ and solution treated at 1 000 ℃ to 1 050 ℃.After these,the test blocks were tested for mechanical properties,microstructure and surface quality.From the tested results it was seen that the 316 L steel test block formed by SLM might exhibit surface defects such as overlapping,spheroidization,gas hole,and cross-section defects such as microporosity in molten pool,lack of fusion between molten pools,and that the use of higher laser scanning speed,less point interval,shorter time of exposure to laser favoured an improvement in surface quality of the 316 L steel test block.Moreover,mechanical properties of the 316 steel test block formed by SLM might be increased by the solution treating,reaching tensile strength as high as682 MPa,yield strength of about 537 MPa,and elongation of about 41%.
316 L stainless steel test blocks were fabricated by a selective laser melting(SLM technology at different parameters such as laser scanning speeds of 500 mm/s to 1 250 mm/s,times of exposure to laser of 8 μs to 60 μs,point intervals of 10 μm to 30 μm,line intervals of 90 μm to130 μm and so on,and annealed at 500 ℃ and 900 ℃ and solution treated at 1 000 ℃ to 1 050 ℃.After these,the test blocks were tested for mechanical properties,microstructure and surface quality.From the tested results it was seen that the 316 L steel test block formed by SLM might exhibit surface defects such as overlapping,spheroidization,gas hole,and cross-section defects such as microporosity in molten pool,lack of fusion between molten pools,and that the use of higher laser scanning speed,less point interval,shorter time of exposure to laser favoured an improvement in surface quality of the 316 L steel test block.Moreover,mechanical properties of the 316 steel test block formed by SLM might be increased by the solution treating,reaching tensile strength as high as682 MPa,yield strength of about 537 MPa,and elongation of about 41%.
引文
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[20]段兴旺,刘建生.316LN钢高温塑性及其断口特征[J].吉林大学学报,2015,45(2):494-500.
[2]VANDENBROUCKE B,KRUTH J P.Selective laser melting of biocompatible metals for rapid manufacturing of medical parts[J].Rapid Prototyping Journal,2007,13(4):196-203.
[3]田杰,黄正华,戚文军,等.金属选区激光熔化的研究现状[J].材料导报,2017,31(1):90-94.
[4]杨永强,王迪,吴伟辉.金属零件选区激光熔化直接成型技术研究进展[J].中国激光,2011,38(6):54-64.
[5]LOUVIS E,FOX P,SUTCLIFFE C J.Selective laser melting of aluminium components[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(2):275-284.
[6]PRASHANTH K G,SCUDINO S,KLAUSS H J,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si produced by selective laser melting:Effect of heat treatment[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,590(2):153-160.
[7]吴峥强.金属零件选区激光熔化快速成型技术的现状及发展趋势[J].热加工工艺,2008,37(13):118-121.
[8]赵志国,柏林,李黎,等.激光选区熔化成形技术的发展现状及研究进展[J].航空制造技术,2014,463(19):46-49.
[9]孙婷婷,杨永强,苏旭彬,等.316L不锈钢粉末选区激光熔化成型致密化研究[J].激光技术,2010,34(4):443-446.
[10]吕虹玮,董士刚,王静静,等.316L不锈钢焊缝腐蚀行为的电化学研究[J].科技导报,2013,31(Z1):25-28.
[11]胡红伟,赵婷.采用焊缝浇水的冷却方式焊接316L不锈钢[J].金属加工(热加工),2014(8):77-78.
[12]赵曙明,沈显峰,杨家林,等.水雾化316L不锈钢选区激光熔化致密度与组织性能研究[J].应用激光,2017,37(3):319-326.
[13]祁斌,刘玉德,石文天,等.脉冲式激光选区熔化成形搭接率的研究[J].激光技术,2018,42(3):27-33.
[14]马明明,谭迈之,孙德祥,等.激光选区熔化成形高压接地开关传动件工艺与性能研究[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2018,39(1):76-80.
[15]张霜银,林鑫,陈静,等.工艺参数对激光快速成形TC4钛合金组织及成形质量的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36(10):1839-1843.
[16]邹涛,张敏,陈长军,等.激光增材制造(3D打印)制备钛合金的微观组织研究[J].应用激光,2016,36(3):286-290.
[17]侯东坡,宋仁伯,项建英,等.固溶处理对316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2010,31(12):61-65.
[18]曲嘉,庞跃钊,孙晓庆.316L三点弯曲试样动静态断裂韧性对比实验研究[J].中国测试,2016,42(11):13-16.
[19]吴恒,侯晓薇,李超,等.316L不锈钢在淡化海水中的耐腐蚀性能研究[J].装备环境工程,2013,10(6):14-18.
[20]段兴旺,刘建生.316LN钢高温塑性及其断口特征[J].吉林大学学报,2015,45(2):494-500.