美国海绵城市建设技术选用及其启示
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摘要
近年来,世界许多城市面临着水短缺、水泛滥或水污染等问题,海绵城市建设势在必行。美国海绵城市建设起步早、发展快、影响大,而且气候带与我国分布极为相似。通过梳理政府机构报告和学术文献,归纳美国在不同气候带和功能区下海绵技术选用准则和规律,并运用网络爬虫技术,采集了美国海绵城市建设的125个典型案例,统计推理出不同气候带下各功能区所选用海绵技术的高频组合,印证前文所归纳的准则和规律。最后,结合我国30个海绵试点城市的气候特点和技术选用现状,提出美国海绵城市建设技术选用对我国海绵城市建设的启示,主要包括不同气候带内城市的海绵技术组合策略、因地制宜地选用海绵技术、加强对海绵技术的研发和推广。
In recent years, many cities worldwide have been facing water-related problems, like water shortage, water flooding or water pollution, which make the construction of sponge city be imperative.America is one of the earliest countries in the world to construct sponge cities, which develop fast and have wide impact. Furthermore, the spread of weather belts in America is quite similar to that of our country. Through sorting relevant government sector reports and academic articles, rules and regularities of choosing sponge techniques in different climates and functional areas have been found. Then, applying the technology of Web crawler, 125 sponge city cases in America are obtained, and sponge techniques used in four functional areas are counted out. Then, based on above-mentioned 125 cases, the highfrequent combinations of sponge technologies in different climates and functional areas are reasoned, in accordance with aforementioned rules and regularities. Finally, combined with the climate characteristics and technology selection status of 30 sponge pilot cities in China, the paper proposes the use of sponge technology construction technology in the construction of sponge city in China. It mainly includes the sponge technology combination strategy of cities in different climatic zones and the selection of sponge technology according to local conditions to trengthen the research, development and promotion of sponge technology.
In recent years, many cities worldwide have been facing water-related problems, like water shortage, water flooding or water pollution, which make the construction of sponge city be imperative.America is one of the earliest countries in the world to construct sponge cities, which develop fast and have wide impact. Furthermore, the spread of weather belts in America is quite similar to that of our country. Through sorting relevant government sector reports and academic articles, rules and regularities of choosing sponge techniques in different climates and functional areas have been found. Then, applying the technology of Web crawler, 125 sponge city cases in America are obtained, and sponge techniques used in four functional areas are counted out. Then, based on above-mentioned 125 cases, the highfrequent combinations of sponge technologies in different climates and functional areas are reasoned, in accordance with aforementioned rules and regularities. Finally, combined with the climate characteristics and technology selection status of 30 sponge pilot cities in China, the paper proposes the use of sponge technology construction technology in the construction of sponge city in China. It mainly includes the sponge technology combination strategy of cities in different climatic zones and the selection of sponge technology according to local conditions to trengthen the research, development and promotion of sponge technology.
引文
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[20]杜晓丽,韩强,于振亚.等.海绵城市建设中生物滞留设施应用的若干问题分析[J].给水排水.2017(1):54-58.
[21]俞孔坚.海绵城市:理论与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[22]王宁,吴连丰.厦门海绵城市建设方案编制实践与思考[J].给水排水,2015,51(6):28-32.
[23]宋芳晓.张海荣.我国海绵城市建设管理的问题和策略探析[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(10):99-104.
[24]张亮.西北地区海绵城市建设路径探索:以西咸新区为例[J].城市规划,2016,40(3):108-112.
[2]苏荐霄.基于海绵城市视角的深圳市口袋公园提升模式与方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015:22-30.
[3]王诒建.海绵城市控制指标体系构建探讨[J].规划师,2016(5):10-16.
[4]蒋涤非.邱慧,易欣.城市雨水资源化的景观学途径及其综合效益评价[J].资源科学,2014(1):65-74.
[5]王泽阳,沈晓铃,吴连丰,等.基于海绵城市的历史文化街区水安全体系构建:以厦门市鼓浪屿为例[J].中国给水排水,2016.42(11):51-56.
[6]李方正.胡楠,李雄.等.海绵城市建设背景下的城市绿地系统规划响应研究[J].城市发展研究,2016.23(7):39-45.
[7]赵晶.李迪华.城市化背景下的雨洪管理途径:基于低影响发展的视角[J].城市问题,2011(9):95-101.
[8]李志明,濮佩君.英文文献中的海绵城市研究进展:基于Citespace和VOSviewer的知识图谱分析[J].现代城市研究,2016(7):12-18.
[9]Berner J. National Stormwater Calculator:Low Impact Development Stormwater Control Cost Estimation[R]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency.2017.
[10]US EPA. Community solutions for voluntary long-term stormwater planning[EB/OL]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2017.https://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwaterplanning.
[11]林英姿,石春艳.海绵城市截污净化技术设施概述[J].中国资源综合利用,2016,34(12):46-48.
[12]Lee J, Fisher C, Schumacher B. Arid green infrastructure for water control and conservation:State of the science and research needs for arid/semi-arid regions[R]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2016.
[13] US EPA. Overcoming barriers to green infrastructure[EB/OL]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2016. https://www.epa. gov/greeninfrastructure/overcoming-barriers-greeninfrastructure.
[14] US EPA. Low-impact development and green infrastructure in the semi-aridwest[EB/OL]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2017.https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/green-infrastructure-semi-arid-west.
[15]US Low-Impact Development Center. Low impact development(LID):A literature review[R]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency.2000.
[16]Bedan E S, Clausen J C. Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from traditional and low impact development watersheds[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2009,45(4):998-1008.
[17]Zahmatkesh Z, Burian S J, Karamouz M,et al. Low-impact development practices to mitigate climate change effects on urban stormwater runoff:Case study of New York city[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 2014,141(1):401-413.
[18]孟岭超.基于“海绵城市”理念下的城市生态景观重塑研究[D].开封:河南大学.2015.
[19]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.海绵城市建设技术指南:低影响开发雨水系统构建(试行)[S].北京:住房和城乡建设部,2014.
[20]杜晓丽,韩强,于振亚.等.海绵城市建设中生物滞留设施应用的若干问题分析[J].给水排水.2017(1):54-58.
[21]俞孔坚.海绵城市:理论与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[22]王宁,吴连丰.厦门海绵城市建设方案编制实践与思考[J].给水排水,2015,51(6):28-32.
[23]宋芳晓.张海荣.我国海绵城市建设管理的问题和策略探析[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(10):99-104.
[24]张亮.西北地区海绵城市建设路径探索:以西咸新区为例[J].城市规划,2016,40(3):108-112.