球面波的反射P波AVO分析
|
摘要
本文对球面波反射P波反射系数计算公式进行了推导,根据推导公式计算出第I类AVO和第III类AVO介质中反射系数及相位随入射角的变化,并与基于平面波的Zoeppritz方程计算的结果进行对比.结果显示,对于第I类AVO介质,球面波反射系数在临界角附近较基于平面波的Zoeppritz方程计算结果更精确;同时受界面深度的影响较大,随深度的增加,球面波AVO趋势接近平面波AVO.最后,通过数值模拟技术,对模型数据和实际数据进行模拟,对平面波AVO道集和球面波AVO道集进行了验证分析.浅层的第I类AVO现象,在近临界角和超临界角处折射引起反射系数与相位的变化较大,对于第III类AVO现象,由于不存在临界角问题,球面波模拟结果与基于平面波的Zoeppritz计算结果差别较小.上述计算分析,可为实际资料的大偏移距道集的AVO分析提供理论基础.
In this paper,the reflection coefficient formula of spherical reflected P wave was derived.According to the derived formula,the variations of reflection coefficient and phase of class I and class III AVO media versus angle were calculated,and compared with the result of plane wave Zoeppritz formula.The results show that for the class I AVO medium,spherical wave reflection coefficient near the critical angle is more accurate than the Zoeppritz′s computed result,and is highly influenced by the interface depth,i.e.with depth increasing,the trend of spherical wave AVO is close to plane wave AVO.Finally,numerical simulation technology was applied to verify and analyze the spherical wave AVO gather.The results show that a larger variation occurred for the refraction caused by the near-critical or super-critical angle through the class I AVO medium.But for the class III AVO phenomenon,because there is no critical angle problem,the spherical wave simulation results had little difference with Zoeppritz′s.These calculation and analysis results would provide a theoretical basis for the AVO analysis of large offset gather data in practice.
In this paper,the reflection coefficient formula of spherical reflected P wave was derived.According to the derived formula,the variations of reflection coefficient and phase of class I and class III AVO media versus angle were calculated,and compared with the result of plane wave Zoeppritz formula.The results show that for the class I AVO medium,spherical wave reflection coefficient near the critical angle is more accurate than the Zoeppritz′s computed result,and is highly influenced by the interface depth,i.e.with depth increasing,the trend of spherical wave AVO is close to plane wave AVO.Finally,numerical simulation technology was applied to verify and analyze the spherical wave AVO gather.The results show that a larger variation occurred for the refraction caused by the near-critical or super-critical angle through the class I AVO medium.But for the class III AVO phenomenon,because there is no critical angle problem,the spherical wave simulation results had little difference with Zoeppritz′s.These calculation and analysis results would provide a theoretical basis for the AVO analysis of large offset gather data in practice.
引文
[1]徐基祥,吴律.弹性波理论研究——关于球面波首项(I).石油物探,1997,35(1):1-12.Xu J X,Wu L.The theoretical study of the elastic wave-onthe first term of spherical wave.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),1997,35(1):1-12.
[2]Aki K,Richards P G.定量地震学——理论和方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1987.Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology-Theory andMethod(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987.
[3]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:31-58.Sun C Y.Theory and Methods of Seismic Waves(inChinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2007:31-58.
[4]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):602-607.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on themethod of P-SV wave AVO.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(4):602-607.
[5]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社,1996:155-186.Lu J M.Principle of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996:155-186.
[6]阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO.地球物理学报,1998,41(3):382-391.Yin K,Yang H Z.AVO in anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3):382-391.
[7]Ursenbach C P,Haase A B.Efficient spherical-wave AVOmodeling.The Leading Edge,2007,26(12):1584-1589.
[8]周竹生,刘喜亮,熊孝雨.弹性介质中瑞雷面波有限差分法正演模拟.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):567-573.Zhou Z S,Liu X L,Xiong X Y.Finite-difference modellingof Rayleigh surface wave in elastic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):567-573.
[9]何涛,史謌,邹长春等.砂岩储层AVO特征影响因素的不确定性研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1584-1591.He T,Shi G,Zou C C,et al.The uncertainty analysis of thekey factors that affect the AVO attributes in sandstonereservoir.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1584-1591.
[10]宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷等.AVO技术进展.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):508-514.Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,et al.Advances in AVOtechnique.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):508-514.
[11]Haase A B.Spherical AVO modeling of converted waves inisotropic media.74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:263.
[12]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于球面波的地震记录合成方法及AVO分析.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(3):49-52.Huang R,Chen X H,Li J Y.Seismogram synthesis methodbased on spherical wave and AVO analysis.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)(inChinese),2009,33(3):49-52.
[13]Winterstein D F,Hanten J B.Supercritical reflectionsobserved in P-wave and S-wave data.Geophysics,1985,50(2):185-195.
[14]Hasse A B,Ursenbach C P.Spherical-wave AVO modelingin elastic and anelastic media.CREWESResearchReport,2006,18:1-18.
[15]印兴耀,赵剑,张繁昌等.球面波叠前地震记录的合成方法.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):26-32.Yin X Y,Zhao J,Zhang F C,et al.Method of generatingprestack synthetic seismograms of spherical wave.Journalof China University of Petroleum(Edition of NaturalScience)(in Chinese),2006,30(1):26-32.
[16]孙成禹.球面波分解理论及其倾斜叠加方法的实现.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):723-729.Sun C Y.Theory of spherical wave decomposition andrealization of dip stack.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2000,35(6):723-729.
[17]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology-theory andmethod:Volume 1.San Francisco:W.H.Freeman andCompany,1980.
[18]Hasse A B,Geo-X Systems L T D.Plane wave,sphericalwaves and angle-dependent P-wave reflectivity in elastic VTI-models.72th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2002.
[19]孙夕平,赵良武.地震振幅解释.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:70-74.Sun X P,Zhao L W.Quantitative Seismic Interpretation(inChinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:70-74.
[20]李胜军,王福焕,雍学善等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩溶洞地震响应机理及影响因素.新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):305-307.Li S J,Wang F H,Yong X S,et al.Seismic responsemechanism of carbonate caverns and influence factors inTazhong area.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2011,32(3):305-307.
[21]李胜军,孙成禹,高建虎等.地震波数值模拟中的频散压制方法分析.石油物探,2008,49(5):444-448.Li S J,Sun C Y,Gao J H,et al.Analysis of dispersionsuppression in wave equation numerical simulation.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2008,49(5):444-448.
[22]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令帮.叠前储层描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-234.Zhou Y J,Pu R H,Zeng L B.Application research onprestack seismic reservoir characterization.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(1):229-234.
[2]Aki K,Richards P G.定量地震学——理论和方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1987.Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology-Theory andMethod(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987.
[3]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:31-58.Sun C Y.Theory and Methods of Seismic Waves(inChinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2007:31-58.
[4]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):602-607.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on themethod of P-SV wave AVO.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(4):602-607.
[5]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社,1996:155-186.Lu J M.Principle of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996:155-186.
[6]阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO.地球物理学报,1998,41(3):382-391.Yin K,Yang H Z.AVO in anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3):382-391.
[7]Ursenbach C P,Haase A B.Efficient spherical-wave AVOmodeling.The Leading Edge,2007,26(12):1584-1589.
[8]周竹生,刘喜亮,熊孝雨.弹性介质中瑞雷面波有限差分法正演模拟.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):567-573.Zhou Z S,Liu X L,Xiong X Y.Finite-difference modellingof Rayleigh surface wave in elastic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):567-573.
[9]何涛,史謌,邹长春等.砂岩储层AVO特征影响因素的不确定性研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1584-1591.He T,Shi G,Zou C C,et al.The uncertainty analysis of thekey factors that affect the AVO attributes in sandstonereservoir.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1584-1591.
[10]宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷等.AVO技术进展.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):508-514.Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,et al.Advances in AVOtechnique.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):508-514.
[11]Haase A B.Spherical AVO modeling of converted waves inisotropic media.74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:263.
[12]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于球面波的地震记录合成方法及AVO分析.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(3):49-52.Huang R,Chen X H,Li J Y.Seismogram synthesis methodbased on spherical wave and AVO analysis.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)(inChinese),2009,33(3):49-52.
[13]Winterstein D F,Hanten J B.Supercritical reflectionsobserved in P-wave and S-wave data.Geophysics,1985,50(2):185-195.
[14]Hasse A B,Ursenbach C P.Spherical-wave AVO modelingin elastic and anelastic media.CREWESResearchReport,2006,18:1-18.
[15]印兴耀,赵剑,张繁昌等.球面波叠前地震记录的合成方法.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):26-32.Yin X Y,Zhao J,Zhang F C,et al.Method of generatingprestack synthetic seismograms of spherical wave.Journalof China University of Petroleum(Edition of NaturalScience)(in Chinese),2006,30(1):26-32.
[16]孙成禹.球面波分解理论及其倾斜叠加方法的实现.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):723-729.Sun C Y.Theory of spherical wave decomposition andrealization of dip stack.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2000,35(6):723-729.
[17]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology-theory andmethod:Volume 1.San Francisco:W.H.Freeman andCompany,1980.
[18]Hasse A B,Geo-X Systems L T D.Plane wave,sphericalwaves and angle-dependent P-wave reflectivity in elastic VTI-models.72th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2002.
[19]孙夕平,赵良武.地震振幅解释.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:70-74.Sun X P,Zhao L W.Quantitative Seismic Interpretation(inChinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:70-74.
[20]李胜军,王福焕,雍学善等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩溶洞地震响应机理及影响因素.新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):305-307.Li S J,Wang F H,Yong X S,et al.Seismic responsemechanism of carbonate caverns and influence factors inTazhong area.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2011,32(3):305-307.
[21]李胜军,孙成禹,高建虎等.地震波数值模拟中的频散压制方法分析.石油物探,2008,49(5):444-448.Li S J,Sun C Y,Gao J H,et al.Analysis of dispersionsuppression in wave equation numerical simulation.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2008,49(5):444-448.
[22]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令帮.叠前储层描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-234.Zhou Y J,Pu R H,Zeng L B.Application research onprestack seismic reservoir characterization.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(1):229-234.