波动方程叠前深度偏移角度道集求取方法
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摘要
针对常规直接转换法和直射线叠前时间偏移(PSTM)法提取的角度道集无法满足地质构造复杂地区的AVA分析与反演精度的问题,研究基于共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法,提取角度域共成像点道集。首先,对地震数据进行叠前深度偏移得到炮检距域共成像点道集;其次,在频率—波数域对炮检距域共成像点道集利用快速插值映射法抽取角度域共成像点道集。通过与直接转换法和直射线PSTM法提取的角度道集比较,分析不同方法求得的角度道集信息的准确性和AVA特征。数值试算和实际资料处理结果表明:共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法求取的角度道集的振幅相对保真,角度范围更广,更适用于AVA分析。
Angle-domain common image gathers(ADCIGs)extracted by the conventional conversion method and the straight-ray PSTM method cannot meet the requirements of both AVA analysis and inversion in geologically complicated areas.In this paper we put forward an amplitude-preserved wave equation prestack depth migration based on common offset gathers to extract ADCIGs.First,we process seismic datasets with prestack depth migration to obtain offset domain common image gathers.Then in the frequency-wavenumber domain,angle domain common image gathers are extracted with fast interpolation from offset domain common image gathers.Finally we analyze AD-CIGs information and AVA properties calculated by both the direct transform method and the straight-ray line PSTM method.Both numerical experiments and real data tests show that ADCIGs obtained by the proposed approach have larger angle range and better amplitude,and are more suitable for AVA analysis and inversion.
Angle-domain common image gathers(ADCIGs)extracted by the conventional conversion method and the straight-ray PSTM method cannot meet the requirements of both AVA analysis and inversion in geologically complicated areas.In this paper we put forward an amplitude-preserved wave equation prestack depth migration based on common offset gathers to extract ADCIGs.First,we process seismic datasets with prestack depth migration to obtain offset domain common image gathers.Then in the frequency-wavenumber domain,angle domain common image gathers are extracted with fast interpolation from offset domain common image gathers.Finally we analyze AD-CIGs information and AVA properties calculated by both the direct transform method and the straight-ray line PSTM method.Both numerical experiments and real data tests show that ADCIGs obtained by the proposed approach have larger angle range and better amplitude,and are more suitable for AVA analysis and inversion.
引文
[1] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷等.AVO技术进展.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):508-514.Song Jianguo,Wang Yanxiang,Qiao Yulei et al.Advances in AVO technique.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):508-514.
[2] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[3] Todd C P,Baekus M M.Offset-dependent reflectivity in a structural context.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1985,4:586-588.
[4] Roden R,Castagna J,Jones G.The impact of prestack data phase on the AVO interpretation workflow.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:254-257.
[5] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260.Chen Jianjiang,Yin Xingyao.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[6] 张广智,王文龙,印兴耀等.基于射线理论的角度道集提取方法综述.地球物理学进展,2011,26(5):1696-1707.Zhang Guangzhi,Wang Wenlong,Yin Xingyao et al.Overview of extraction methods of angle gathers based on ray theory.Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(5):1696-1707.
[7] Muerdter D,Kelly M.The effect of reflector dip on AVO analysis.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:281-284.
[8] de Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angle-dependent reflectivity by means of prtstack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9):1223-1234.
[9] Charles C M,Douglas J F,Siamak H.Common angle imaging with offset plane waves.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:1379-1382.
[10] Prucha M,Biondi B,Symes W.Angle-domain common image gathers by wave equation migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:824-827.
[11] Xie Xiaobi,Wu Rushan.Extracting angle domain information from migrated wavefield.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1360-1363.
[12] Sava P,Biondi B.Wave-equation migration velocity analysis-Ⅱ.Subsalt imaging examples.Geophysical Prospecting,2004,52(6):607-623.
[13] Sava P,Fomel S.Angle-domain common-image gathers by wavefield continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,68(3):1065-1074.
[14] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambar’e G et al.Common-angle migration:A strategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1877-1894.
[15] Stolk C C,Symes W W.Kinematic artifacts in prestack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69(2):562-575.
[16] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):792-800.Cheng Jiubing,Wang Nan,Ma Zaitian.Table-driven3-D angle-domain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):792-800.
[17] 邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1207-1214.Zou Zhen,Liu Hong,Liu Hongwei.Common-angle gathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(3):1207-1214.
[18] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Yu.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[19] 刘定进,印兴耀,陆树勤等.波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移与AVO响应.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(4):45-51.Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao,Lu Shuqin et al.Wave equation preserved amplitude pre-stack depth migration and AVO response.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(4):45-51.
[20] 刘定进,印兴耀.基于双平方根方程的保幅地震偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):11-16Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao.Amplitude-preserved seismic migration based on double square root.OGP,2007,42(1):11-16.
[21] 刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao.The method of wave equation preserved-amplitude pre-stack depth migration for common offset gathers.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):492-501.
[22] 张广智,郑静静,王玉梅等.基于入射角的AVO近似及属性提取.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):578-583.Zhang Guangzhi,Zheng Jingjing,Wang Yumei et al.AVO approximation and attribute extraction on the incident angle.OGP,2012,47(4):578-583.
[23] 张关泉.波动方程的上行波和下行波的耦合方程组.应用数学学报,1993,16(2):251-263.Zhang Guanquan.System of coupled equations for upcoming and downgoing waves.Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica,1993,16(2):251-263.
[24] Zhang Yu.Theory of true-amplitude one-way wave equation and true-amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):E1-E10.
[25] Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Full prestack versus shot record migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1987,6:1110-1113.
[26] Fomel S.A Variational Formulation of the Fast Marching Eikonal Solver.SEP-95:Stanford Exploration Project,1997:127-147.
[2] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[3] Todd C P,Baekus M M.Offset-dependent reflectivity in a structural context.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1985,4:586-588.
[4] Roden R,Castagna J,Jones G.The impact of prestack data phase on the AVO interpretation workflow.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:254-257.
[5] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260.Chen Jianjiang,Yin Xingyao.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[6] 张广智,王文龙,印兴耀等.基于射线理论的角度道集提取方法综述.地球物理学进展,2011,26(5):1696-1707.Zhang Guangzhi,Wang Wenlong,Yin Xingyao et al.Overview of extraction methods of angle gathers based on ray theory.Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(5):1696-1707.
[7] Muerdter D,Kelly M.The effect of reflector dip on AVO analysis.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:281-284.
[8] de Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angle-dependent reflectivity by means of prtstack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9):1223-1234.
[9] Charles C M,Douglas J F,Siamak H.Common angle imaging with offset plane waves.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:1379-1382.
[10] Prucha M,Biondi B,Symes W.Angle-domain common image gathers by wave equation migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:824-827.
[11] Xie Xiaobi,Wu Rushan.Extracting angle domain information from migrated wavefield.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1360-1363.
[12] Sava P,Biondi B.Wave-equation migration velocity analysis-Ⅱ.Subsalt imaging examples.Geophysical Prospecting,2004,52(6):607-623.
[13] Sava P,Fomel S.Angle-domain common-image gathers by wavefield continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,68(3):1065-1074.
[14] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambar’e G et al.Common-angle migration:A strategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1877-1894.
[15] Stolk C C,Symes W W.Kinematic artifacts in prestack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69(2):562-575.
[16] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):792-800.Cheng Jiubing,Wang Nan,Ma Zaitian.Table-driven3-D angle-domain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):792-800.
[17] 邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1207-1214.Zou Zhen,Liu Hong,Liu Hongwei.Common-angle gathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(3):1207-1214.
[18] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Yu.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[19] 刘定进,印兴耀,陆树勤等.波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移与AVO响应.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(4):45-51.Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao,Lu Shuqin et al.Wave equation preserved amplitude pre-stack depth migration and AVO response.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(4):45-51.
[20] 刘定进,印兴耀.基于双平方根方程的保幅地震偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):11-16Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao.Amplitude-preserved seismic migration based on double square root.OGP,2007,42(1):11-16.
[21] 刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu Dingjing,Yin Xingyao.The method of wave equation preserved-amplitude pre-stack depth migration for common offset gathers.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):492-501.
[22] 张广智,郑静静,王玉梅等.基于入射角的AVO近似及属性提取.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):578-583.Zhang Guangzhi,Zheng Jingjing,Wang Yumei et al.AVO approximation and attribute extraction on the incident angle.OGP,2012,47(4):578-583.
[23] 张关泉.波动方程的上行波和下行波的耦合方程组.应用数学学报,1993,16(2):251-263.Zhang Guanquan.System of coupled equations for upcoming and downgoing waves.Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica,1993,16(2):251-263.
[24] Zhang Yu.Theory of true-amplitude one-way wave equation and true-amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):E1-E10.
[25] Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Full prestack versus shot record migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1987,6:1110-1113.
[26] Fomel S.A Variational Formulation of the Fast Marching Eikonal Solver.SEP-95:Stanford Exploration Project,1997:127-147.