西安市大气污染物生态足迹分析
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摘要
针对大气污染物对西安市大气环境影响日益严重的问题,基于生态足迹理论,通过2012—2016年西安市大气污染物排放数据,分别对西安市大气污染物生态足迹和环境承载力进行定量核算与分析,揭示西安市近些年大气污染物生态足迹特征变化趋势。结果表明,2012—2016年SO_2和NO_x生态足迹呈下降态势,其下降率分别为54.11%和73.55%,粉尘生态足迹值在5年内变化不明显;SO_2、NO_x和粉尘环境承载力趋势提高; 2012—2015年西安市SO_2和NO_x为生态赤字,呈下降趋势,2016年SO_2生态赤字8.995 4×10~8m~2;2016年SO_2压力指数等级最低为Ⅲ级,处于不安全状态;西安市SO_2和粉尘的万元GDP生态足迹值均高于北京市和郑州市,NO_x值最低。
Given at the increasingly serious influence of air pollutants on the air environment in Xi′an;based on the ecological footprint theory, through the 2012—2016 Xi′an atmospheric pollutant discharge data, the ecological footprint and environmental carrying capacity of Xi′an air pollutants were quantitatively calculated and analyzed, revealing the trend of the ecological footprint characteristics of air pollutants in Xi′an in recent years. The results show that the ecological footprint of SO_2 and NO_x decreased in 2012—2016, and the rates of decline were 54.11% and 73.55%, respectively. The change of dust ecological footprint value was not obvious within 5 years. In recent years, the environmental carrying capacity of SO_2, NO_x and dust has increased. From 2012 to 2015, SO_2 and NO_x were ecological deficits in Xi′an,which showed a downward trend. In 2016, the SO_2 ecological deficit rose to 8.995 4×10~8m~2. In 2016, the SO_2 pressure index was at the lowest level of 3, which was in an unsafe state. The ecological footprint of the ten-thousand-Yuan GDP of Xi′an SO_2 and dust is higher than that of Beijing and Zhengzhou, while the value of NO_x is the lowest. It is imperative for Xi′an to control industrial gas emissions, reduce the use of coal and form a green and efficient economic development model.
Given at the increasingly serious influence of air pollutants on the air environment in Xi′an;based on the ecological footprint theory, through the 2012—2016 Xi′an atmospheric pollutant discharge data, the ecological footprint and environmental carrying capacity of Xi′an air pollutants were quantitatively calculated and analyzed, revealing the trend of the ecological footprint characteristics of air pollutants in Xi′an in recent years. The results show that the ecological footprint of SO_2 and NO_x decreased in 2012—2016, and the rates of decline were 54.11% and 73.55%, respectively. The change of dust ecological footprint value was not obvious within 5 years. In recent years, the environmental carrying capacity of SO_2, NO_x and dust has increased. From 2012 to 2015, SO_2 and NO_x were ecological deficits in Xi′an,which showed a downward trend. In 2016, the SO_2 ecological deficit rose to 8.995 4×10~8m~2. In 2016, the SO_2 pressure index was at the lowest level of 3, which was in an unsafe state. The ecological footprint of the ten-thousand-Yuan GDP of Xi′an SO_2 and dust is higher than that of Beijing and Zhengzhou, while the value of NO_x is the lowest. It is imperative for Xi′an to control industrial gas emissions, reduce the use of coal and form a green and efficient economic development model.
引文
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[17] 胡正李,葛建平,韩爱萍,等.中国大都市生态足迹的比较研究:以北京、上海、天津和重庆为例[J].现代城市研究,2017,32(2):84-93.HU Z L,GE J P,HAN A P,et al.A comparative study of Chinese metropolis ecological footprint:the case of Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Chongqing[J].Modern Urban Research,2017,32(2):84-93.(in Chinese)
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[2] 张志强,孙成权,程国栋,等.可持续发展研究:进展与趋向[J].地球科学进展,1999(6):589-595.ZHANG Z Q,SUN C Q,CHENG G D,et al.Progresses and trends of sustainable development research[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,1999(6):589-595.(in Chinese)
[3] 田玲玲,罗静,董莹,等.湖北省生态足迹和生态承载力时空动态研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(2):316-325.TIAN L L,LUO J,DONG Y,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamic research of the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Hubei province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(2):316-325.(in Chinese)
[4] 党小虎,吴彦斌,刘国彬,等.生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):761-771.DANG X H,WU Y B,LIU G B,et al.Spatial-temporal changes of ecological footprint in the Loess Plateau after ecological construction between 1995 and 2010[J].Geographical research,2018,37(4):761-771.(in Chinese)
[5] 杨晓俊,方传珊,侯叶子.基于生态足迹的西安城市生态游憩空间优化研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):281-291.YANG X J,FANG C S,HOU Y Z.Optimization of ecological recreation area in Xi′an city based on ecological footprint[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(2):281-291.(in Chinese)
[6] 王一雯,谭志海,廖冰,等.西安市近几年水污染生态足迹分析[J].西安工程大学学报,2018,32(1):67-71.WANG Y W,TAN Z H,LIAO B,et al.The water pollution ecological footprint analysis in Xi' an in recent years[J].Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University,2018,32(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
[7] 谭志海,袁京,刘博.生态足迹分析方法在西安市客运交通中的应用[J].西安工程大学学报,2011,25(1):42-46.TAN Z H,YUAN J,LIU B.Application of the componential method for ecological footprint calculation of public transportation in Xi′an[J].Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University,2011,25(1):42-46.(in Chinese)
[8] 张秋根,黄玉琼,肖娟,等.江西省2004-2015年大气污染足迹时间动态和空间分布[J].江西科学,2017,35(6):913-917.ZHANG Q G,HUANG Y Q,XIAO J,et al.Temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollution footprint of Jiangxi province in 2004—2015[J].Jiangxi Science,2017,35(6):913-917.(in Chinese)
[9] 顾晓薇,王忠鑫,王青,等.沈阳市大气污染物排放的综合环境压力[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(6):885-888.GU X W,WANG Z X,WANG Q,et al.Research on environmental pressure of air pollutants emission in Shenyang[J].Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science Edition),2009,30(6):885-888.(in Chinese)
[10] 杜怡心,胡琳,王琦,等.2016年西安市气象条件对大气污染影响评价[J].陕西气象,2018(1):30-33.DU Y X,HU L,WANG Q,et al.Evaluation of the impact of meteorological conditions on air pollution in Xi′an in 2016[J].Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology,2018(1):30-33.(in Chinese)
[11] 白钰,曾辉,魏建兵,等.基于环境污染账户核算的生态足迹模型优化:以珠江三角洲城市群为例[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(8):1789-1796.BAI Y,ZENG H,WEI J B,et al.Optimization of ecological footprint model based on environmental pollution accounts:A case study in pearl river delta urban agglomeration[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(8):1789-1796.(in Chinese)
[12] 彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探:以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(4):594-604.PENG J,WANG Y L,CHEN Y F,et al.Economic value of urban ecosystem services:A case study in Shenzhen[J].Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis,2005,41(4):594-604.(in Chinese)
[13] 赵先贵,肖玲,马彩虹,等.基于生态足迹的可持续评价指标体系的构建[J].中国农业科学,2006(6):1202-1207.ZHAO X G,XIAO L,MA C H,et al.Design of sustainability indicators system based on ecological footprint[J].Scientia Agriculture Science,2006(6):1202-1207.(in Chinese)
[14] 西安市人民政府办公厅.关于印发西安市2014—2016年创建国家森林城市实施方案的通知[J].西安市人民政府公报,2014(4):12-32.Notice of the General Office of the People′s Government of Xi′an.On printing and distributing the implementation plan of the national forest city in Xi′an from 2014 to 2016[J].The People′s Government of Xi′an Communique,2014(4):12-32.(in Chinese)
[15] 西安市人民政府办公厅.关于印发西安市重污染天气应急预案的通知[J].西安市人民政府公报,2015(8):20-27.Notice of the General Office of the People′s Government of Xi′an.On printing and distributing the emergency plan for heavy pollution in Xi′an[J].The people′s Government of Xi′an communique,2015(8):20-27.(in Chinese)
[16] 西安市人民政府办公厅.关于印发西安市“治污减霾”工作实施方案(2014年)的通知[J].西安市人民政府公报,2014(6):19-28.Notice of the General Office of the People′s Government of Xi′an.On printing and distributing the implementation plan of the “measures for pollution control and reduction” in Xi′an(2014)[J].The people′s Government of Xi'an communique,2014(6):19-28.(in Chinese)
[17] 胡正李,葛建平,韩爱萍,等.中国大都市生态足迹的比较研究:以北京、上海、天津和重庆为例[J].现代城市研究,2017,32(2):84-93.HU Z L,GE J P,HAN A P,et al.A comparative study of Chinese metropolis ecological footprint:the case of Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Chongqing[J].Modern Urban Research,2017,32(2):84-93.(in Chinese)
[18] 王江思,马传明,王文梅.郑州市土地资源承载力分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(16):3799-3804.WANG J S,MA C M,WANG W M.The bearing capacity of land resources in Zhengzhou city[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(16):3799-3804.(in Chinese)