石漠化地区饲用植物资源概况及其开发应用分析
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摘要
我国饲用植物资源丰富、种类繁多,是草地资源的主要组成部分。开发利用饲用植物资源,不仅有利于缓解畜牧业发展过程中饲草、饲料紧缺的现状,有助于破解"人畜争粮"的问题,而且能够满足在石漠化综合治理中草食畜牧工程建设的需要,促进石漠化地区生态恢复,达到治石与治贫相结合的目的。该文通过查阅文献资料调查石漠化地区饲用植物资源的概况,并对饲用植物资源的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值进行研究。同时,针对饲用植物综合开发利用,分析其在石漠化地区生态恢复、区域经济发展以及生态文明建设中的作用,并从饲用植物自身特性、石漠化地区地质地貌特点以及当地居民的意识等方面出发,探讨了石漠化地区饲用植物资源开发利用存在的问题,提出了相应的解决对策,并指出综合开发利用石漠化地区饲用植物资源,有利于促进石漠化地区草食畜牧业的发展,有利于促进石漠化地区生态文明建设与区域经济发展,是缓解人地矛盾、促进石漠化综合治理的有效途径,具有较大的开发利用前景。
China's forage plants are rich in resources and variety,and they are the main components of grassland resources. A wide variety of forage plant resources is not only one of the main feed sources for the development of herbivorous and herbivorous animals,but also plays an important role in maintaining terrestrial ecological balance. The development and utilization of forage plant resources will be helpful not only to alleviate the shortage of forage grass and fodder in the development of animal husbandry,but also to solve the problem of"the contradiction between human and animal food". The development and utilization of forage plant resources can also meet the needs of herbivorous animal husbandry project construction in the comprehensive management of rocky desertification,and promote the ecological restoration of rocky desertification areas,so as to achieve the purpose of combining rock desertification treatment and poverty reduction. We studied the ecological,economic and social values of forage plant resources,based on general situation of forage plant resources in rocky desertification area through literature review. For the comprehensive development and utilization value of forage plants,we analyzed their roles in the ecological restoration,regional economic development and ecological civilization construction in rock desertification areas. From forage plant their own features and characteristics of rocky desertification area geology and the consciousness of the local residents,we discussed the existing problems of development and utilization at forage plant resources in the rocky desertification area,and put forward the corresponding solution countermeasures. It is pointed out that the comprehensive development and utilization of forage plant resources in rocky desertification area is conducive to the herbivorous animal husbandry and ecological civilization construction and regional economic development in rocky desertification area. It is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between people and land and promote the comprehensive management of rocky desertification,which also has great prospects for development and utilization.
China's forage plants are rich in resources and variety,and they are the main components of grassland resources. A wide variety of forage plant resources is not only one of the main feed sources for the development of herbivorous and herbivorous animals,but also plays an important role in maintaining terrestrial ecological balance. The development and utilization of forage plant resources will be helpful not only to alleviate the shortage of forage grass and fodder in the development of animal husbandry,but also to solve the problem of"the contradiction between human and animal food". The development and utilization of forage plant resources can also meet the needs of herbivorous animal husbandry project construction in the comprehensive management of rocky desertification,and promote the ecological restoration of rocky desertification areas,so as to achieve the purpose of combining rock desertification treatment and poverty reduction. We studied the ecological,economic and social values of forage plant resources,based on general situation of forage plant resources in rocky desertification area through literature review. For the comprehensive development and utilization value of forage plants,we analyzed their roles in the ecological restoration,regional economic development and ecological civilization construction in rock desertification areas. From forage plant their own features and characteristics of rocky desertification area geology and the consciousness of the local residents,we discussed the existing problems of development and utilization at forage plant resources in the rocky desertification area,and put forward the corresponding solution countermeasures. It is pointed out that the comprehensive development and utilization of forage plant resources in rocky desertification area is conducive to the herbivorous animal husbandry and ecological civilization construction and regional economic development in rocky desertification area. It is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between people and land and promote the comprehensive management of rocky desertification,which also has great prospects for development and utilization.
引文
BIRBAL SB,2003.Potential Therapeutic applications of some anti-nutritional plant secondary metabolites[J].J Agric Food Chem,(51):5579-5597.
CAO GJ,WEN YF,2006.Study on the exploration and application of feeding shrub resources in China[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(10):26-29.[曹国军,文亦芾,2006.我国灌木类饲用植物资源及其可持续利用对策[J].草业与畜牧,(10):26-29.]
CHEN C,ZHU X,CHEN GY et al.,2014.Assessment and development status of fodder shrub resources in Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,42(9):167-171.[陈超,朱欣,陈光燕,等,2014.贵州饲用灌木资源评价及其开发利用现状[J].贵州农业科学,42(9):167-171.]
CHEN MJ,JIA SX,2002.Chinese forage plants[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press:23-54.[陈默君,贾慎修,2002.中国饲用植物[M].北京:中国农业出版社:23-54.]
DING XZ,LONG RJ,YANG FL,et al.,2007.Determining feeding value of several Tannin rich forages in vitro in sheep[J].Acta Pratac Sin,16(1):24-29.[丁学智,龙瑞军,阳伏林,等,2007.体外产气法评定天祝几种高山植物的抗营养因子及其饲用潜力[J].草业学报,16(1):24-29.]
GUO W,XIONG KN,ZHANG JH,et al.,2017.Research status of forage shrub resources utilization and enlightenment for rocky desertification area in Guizhou Province[J].JAgric Sci Technol,19(7):108-116.[郭文,熊康宁,张锦华,等,2017.饲用灌木资源开发利用研究现状及其对贵州石漠化地区的启示[J].中国农业科技导报,19(7):108-116.]
GUO W,XIONG KN,ZHANG JH,et al.,2016.The function of a silage center in grassland animal husbandry in Rocky Desertification Area[J].Pratac Sci,33(11):2353-2359.[郭文,熊康宁,张锦华,等,2016.青贮中心在石漠化地区草地畜牧业中的作用[J].草业科学,33(11):2353-2359.]
HE CX,HUANG YQ,LSH,et al.,2007.Rehabilitation process of“Rocky Desert”region,improvement of farm fuel and its ecological efficiency[J].Guihaia,27(6):855-860.[何成新,黄玉清,吕仕洪,等,2007.石漠化地区农村能源结构调整及其生态经济效应分析-以广西平果县龙何屯为例[J].广西植物,27(6):855-860.]
JING DB,LI PJ,KOU ZW,et al.,2003.The exploration,manufacture and application of feeding xylophyta resources[J].Acta Pratac Sin,12(4):7-13.[靖德兵,李培军,寇振武,等,2003.木本饲用植物资源的开发及生产应用研究[J].草业学报,12(4):7-13.]
LI HX,2007.Broussonetia papyrifera:native tree species with high development value[J].Chin For Ind,(1):35-36.[李华西,2007.构树:具有较高发展价值的乡土树种[J].中国林业产业,(1):35-36.]
MO L,HUANG YQ,QIN JK,et al.,2008.A preliminary study on the water physiology of four plant species in karst area of Southwest China[J].Guihaia,28(3):402-406.[莫凌,黄玉清,覃家科,等,2008.西南喀斯特地区四种植物水分生理的初步研究[J].广西植物,28(3):402-406.]
OU ZL,SU ZM,LI XK,2004.Flora of karst vegetation in Guangxi[J].Guihaia,24(4):302-310.[欧祖兰,苏宗明,李先琨,2004.广西岩溶植被植物区系[J].广西植物,24(4):302-310.]
QIN ZQ,LOU XW,LEI HY,2008.Controlling karst rocky desertification by developing ecological grassland animal husbandry in Anshun City,Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,(2):129-131.[覃宗泉,娄秀伟,雷会义,2008.发展草地生态畜牧业促进石漠化治理初探-以贵州安顺市为例[J].贵州农业科学,(2):129-131.]
SHEN SH,DENG HP,2016.Cultivation and feeding techniques of Broussnetia papyrifera[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science and Technology Press:7-8.[沈世华,邓华平,2016.构树栽培及饲用技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社:7-8.]
TANG YG,LONG RJ,LI JR,2003.The assessment and development fodder shrub resources in Yunnan[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(3):39-42.[唐一国,龙瑞军,李季蓉,2003.云南省草地饲用灌木资源及其开发利用[J].四川草原,(3):39-42.]
TIAN YJ,2016.The“economy of Broussonetia papyrifera”behind“sheep money”[J].Guizhou Today,(37):36.[田旻佳,2016.务川:“发羊财”背后的“构树经济”[J].当代贵州,(37):36.]
UPADHYAYA RS,1985.Some nutritional and clinical observations in sheep fed khejri(Prosopis cineraria)tree leaves[J].Ind J Anita Nut,(2):47-48.
WANG ZL,ZHAO SF,ZHANG ZR,et al.,2006.Comparative analysis on productivity and economic benefits of the forage brushes[J].Chin J Grassl,28(3):31-34.[王宗礼,赵淑芬,张志如,等,2006.几种灌木饲用植物生产力及经济效益对比分析初报[J].中国草地学报,28(3):31-34.]
WANG ZC,SHEN SH,2013.The characteristics and benefits of space hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera[J].Land Green,(5):47-48.[王子成,沈世华,2013.航天杂交构树的特性与效益[J].国土绿化,(5):47-48.]
XIA FF,LIU YF,CHEN SY,2010.Biological characteristics and exploitation value of a woody forage plant-Broussnetia papyrifera[J].J Forage Feed,4(4):26-29.[夏芳芳,刘艳芬,陈三有,2010.木本饲用植物构树的生物学特性及其开发利用价值[J].牧草与饲料,4(4):26-29.]
XIONG KN,LI P,ZHOU ZF,et al.,2002.Study on rocky desertification based on remote sensing and gis:A case of Guizhou[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:17-18.[熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等,2002.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究[M].北京:地质出版社:17-18.]
XIONG YQ,2004.An application research of Broussonetia papyrifera in greenland[J].J Chin Landsc Architec,(8):75-77.[熊佑清,2004.构树在绿化中的应用研究[J].中国园林,(8):75-77.]
YANG ZH,2008.Improve the grassland construction and achieve the herbivorous animal husbandry developing and rock desertification control[J].Pratac Sci,25(9):59-63.[杨振海,2008.加快岩溶地区草地建设步伐实现草食畜牧业发展和石漠化治理双赢[J].草业科学,25(9):59-63.]
YIN YL,2017.The 2nd national symposium on silage and forage conservation:The development of unconventional feed resources can alleviate the shortage of feed grain in China[EB/OL].Holstein Farmer,2017-07-25.http://www.hesitan.com/nnyw_hzbd/2017-07-25/208567.chtml.[印遇龙,2017.第二届青贮及牧草保存学术交流暨产业展览展示会:开发非常规饲料资源可缓解我国饲料粮紧缺现状[EB/OL].荷斯坦网,http://www.hesitan.com/nnyw_hzbd/2017-07-25/208567.chtml.]
ZHANG MY,DENG JF,YIN J,et al.,2010.Prospect of research on forage in controlling of karst rocky desertification in China[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(1):1-4,18.[张美艳,邓菊芬,尹俊,等,2010.草在我国喀斯特石漠化治理中的研究展望[J].草业与畜牧,(1):1-4,18.]
ZHANG H,XIONG KN,SU MM,et al.,2013.Strategy analysis of control project and animal husbandry of rocky desertifical area in karst mountains-take Dingtan drainage of Huajiang as an example[J].Chin J Grassl,35(6):4-8.[张浩,熊康宁,苏蒙蒙,等,2013.岩溶山区石漠化草畜治理工程区域对策分析-以花江顶坛小流域为例[J].中国草地学报,35(6):4-8.]
ZHOU Y,WANG YX,2007.100 expert recommend a tree together-sidelights on symposium on hybridization papyrifera in state forestry administration[J].Green Chin,(13):62-63.[周宇,王玉玺,2007.国家林业局杂交构树研讨会侧记[J].绿色中国,(13):62-63.]
ZOU XX,DU FJ,XIONG KN,et al.,2012.Rocky desertification tourism:The effective way to reconstruct and protect ecological[J].Ecol Econ,(10):101-106.[邹细霞,杜芳娟,熊康宁,等,2012.石漠化旅游:生态重建与保护的有效途径[J].生态经济,(10):101-106.]
CAO GJ,WEN YF,2006.Study on the exploration and application of feeding shrub resources in China[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(10):26-29.[曹国军,文亦芾,2006.我国灌木类饲用植物资源及其可持续利用对策[J].草业与畜牧,(10):26-29.]
CHEN C,ZHU X,CHEN GY et al.,2014.Assessment and development status of fodder shrub resources in Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,42(9):167-171.[陈超,朱欣,陈光燕,等,2014.贵州饲用灌木资源评价及其开发利用现状[J].贵州农业科学,42(9):167-171.]
CHEN MJ,JIA SX,2002.Chinese forage plants[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press:23-54.[陈默君,贾慎修,2002.中国饲用植物[M].北京:中国农业出版社:23-54.]
DING XZ,LONG RJ,YANG FL,et al.,2007.Determining feeding value of several Tannin rich forages in vitro in sheep[J].Acta Pratac Sin,16(1):24-29.[丁学智,龙瑞军,阳伏林,等,2007.体外产气法评定天祝几种高山植物的抗营养因子及其饲用潜力[J].草业学报,16(1):24-29.]
GUO W,XIONG KN,ZHANG JH,et al.,2017.Research status of forage shrub resources utilization and enlightenment for rocky desertification area in Guizhou Province[J].JAgric Sci Technol,19(7):108-116.[郭文,熊康宁,张锦华,等,2017.饲用灌木资源开发利用研究现状及其对贵州石漠化地区的启示[J].中国农业科技导报,19(7):108-116.]
GUO W,XIONG KN,ZHANG JH,et al.,2016.The function of a silage center in grassland animal husbandry in Rocky Desertification Area[J].Pratac Sci,33(11):2353-2359.[郭文,熊康宁,张锦华,等,2016.青贮中心在石漠化地区草地畜牧业中的作用[J].草业科学,33(11):2353-2359.]
HE CX,HUANG YQ,LSH,et al.,2007.Rehabilitation process of“Rocky Desert”region,improvement of farm fuel and its ecological efficiency[J].Guihaia,27(6):855-860.[何成新,黄玉清,吕仕洪,等,2007.石漠化地区农村能源结构调整及其生态经济效应分析-以广西平果县龙何屯为例[J].广西植物,27(6):855-860.]
JING DB,LI PJ,KOU ZW,et al.,2003.The exploration,manufacture and application of feeding xylophyta resources[J].Acta Pratac Sin,12(4):7-13.[靖德兵,李培军,寇振武,等,2003.木本饲用植物资源的开发及生产应用研究[J].草业学报,12(4):7-13.]
LI HX,2007.Broussonetia papyrifera:native tree species with high development value[J].Chin For Ind,(1):35-36.[李华西,2007.构树:具有较高发展价值的乡土树种[J].中国林业产业,(1):35-36.]
MO L,HUANG YQ,QIN JK,et al.,2008.A preliminary study on the water physiology of four plant species in karst area of Southwest China[J].Guihaia,28(3):402-406.[莫凌,黄玉清,覃家科,等,2008.西南喀斯特地区四种植物水分生理的初步研究[J].广西植物,28(3):402-406.]
OU ZL,SU ZM,LI XK,2004.Flora of karst vegetation in Guangxi[J].Guihaia,24(4):302-310.[欧祖兰,苏宗明,李先琨,2004.广西岩溶植被植物区系[J].广西植物,24(4):302-310.]
QIN ZQ,LOU XW,LEI HY,2008.Controlling karst rocky desertification by developing ecological grassland animal husbandry in Anshun City,Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,(2):129-131.[覃宗泉,娄秀伟,雷会义,2008.发展草地生态畜牧业促进石漠化治理初探-以贵州安顺市为例[J].贵州农业科学,(2):129-131.]
SHEN SH,DENG HP,2016.Cultivation and feeding techniques of Broussnetia papyrifera[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science and Technology Press:7-8.[沈世华,邓华平,2016.构树栽培及饲用技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社:7-8.]
TANG YG,LONG RJ,LI JR,2003.The assessment and development fodder shrub resources in Yunnan[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(3):39-42.[唐一国,龙瑞军,李季蓉,2003.云南省草地饲用灌木资源及其开发利用[J].四川草原,(3):39-42.]
TIAN YJ,2016.The“economy of Broussonetia papyrifera”behind“sheep money”[J].Guizhou Today,(37):36.[田旻佳,2016.务川:“发羊财”背后的“构树经济”[J].当代贵州,(37):36.]
UPADHYAYA RS,1985.Some nutritional and clinical observations in sheep fed khejri(Prosopis cineraria)tree leaves[J].Ind J Anita Nut,(2):47-48.
WANG ZL,ZHAO SF,ZHANG ZR,et al.,2006.Comparative analysis on productivity and economic benefits of the forage brushes[J].Chin J Grassl,28(3):31-34.[王宗礼,赵淑芬,张志如,等,2006.几种灌木饲用植物生产力及经济效益对比分析初报[J].中国草地学报,28(3):31-34.]
WANG ZC,SHEN SH,2013.The characteristics and benefits of space hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera[J].Land Green,(5):47-48.[王子成,沈世华,2013.航天杂交构树的特性与效益[J].国土绿化,(5):47-48.]
XIA FF,LIU YF,CHEN SY,2010.Biological characteristics and exploitation value of a woody forage plant-Broussnetia papyrifera[J].J Forage Feed,4(4):26-29.[夏芳芳,刘艳芬,陈三有,2010.木本饲用植物构树的生物学特性及其开发利用价值[J].牧草与饲料,4(4):26-29.]
XIONG KN,LI P,ZHOU ZF,et al.,2002.Study on rocky desertification based on remote sensing and gis:A case of Guizhou[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:17-18.[熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等,2002.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究[M].北京:地质出版社:17-18.]
XIONG YQ,2004.An application research of Broussonetia papyrifera in greenland[J].J Chin Landsc Architec,(8):75-77.[熊佑清,2004.构树在绿化中的应用研究[J].中国园林,(8):75-77.]
YANG ZH,2008.Improve the grassland construction and achieve the herbivorous animal husbandry developing and rock desertification control[J].Pratac Sci,25(9):59-63.[杨振海,2008.加快岩溶地区草地建设步伐实现草食畜牧业发展和石漠化治理双赢[J].草业科学,25(9):59-63.]
YIN YL,2017.The 2nd national symposium on silage and forage conservation:The development of unconventional feed resources can alleviate the shortage of feed grain in China[EB/OL].Holstein Farmer,2017-07-25.http://www.hesitan.com/nnyw_hzbd/2017-07-25/208567.chtml.[印遇龙,2017.第二届青贮及牧草保存学术交流暨产业展览展示会:开发非常规饲料资源可缓解我国饲料粮紧缺现状[EB/OL].荷斯坦网,http://www.hesitan.com/nnyw_hzbd/2017-07-25/208567.chtml.]
ZHANG MY,DENG JF,YIN J,et al.,2010.Prospect of research on forage in controlling of karst rocky desertification in China[J].Pratac Anim Husb,(1):1-4,18.[张美艳,邓菊芬,尹俊,等,2010.草在我国喀斯特石漠化治理中的研究展望[J].草业与畜牧,(1):1-4,18.]
ZHANG H,XIONG KN,SU MM,et al.,2013.Strategy analysis of control project and animal husbandry of rocky desertifical area in karst mountains-take Dingtan drainage of Huajiang as an example[J].Chin J Grassl,35(6):4-8.[张浩,熊康宁,苏蒙蒙,等,2013.岩溶山区石漠化草畜治理工程区域对策分析-以花江顶坛小流域为例[J].中国草地学报,35(6):4-8.]
ZHOU Y,WANG YX,2007.100 expert recommend a tree together-sidelights on symposium on hybridization papyrifera in state forestry administration[J].Green Chin,(13):62-63.[周宇,王玉玺,2007.国家林业局杂交构树研讨会侧记[J].绿色中国,(13):62-63.]
ZOU XX,DU FJ,XIONG KN,et al.,2012.Rocky desertification tourism:The effective way to reconstruct and protect ecological[J].Ecol Econ,(10):101-106.[邹细霞,杜芳娟,熊康宁,等,2012.石漠化旅游:生态重建与保护的有效途径[J].生态经济,(10):101-106.]