西安市夜间土方工程施工扬尘排放特征分析
|
摘要
为探究土方工程施工扬尘排放特征,基于土方作业现场采集与检测所得扬尘浓度数值和扬尘颗粒物粒径值以及工地气象因子参数,对施工现场扬尘浓度变化趋势、气象因子对扬尘排放的影响以及土方施工扬尘的粒径分布特征予以解析。结果表明,测试期间TSP浓度和PM10浓度值变化较大,并出现短时间浓度峰值,施工现场土方施工扬尘既受具体施工活动的影响又与气象因子有关。施工现场土方施工作业时PM2.5、PM10和TSP浓度与温度和湿度呈正相关,与风速和风向呈负相关。土方施工时粒径较大的颗粒物所占比例高于施工现场大气和背景值,粒径不小于10μm的颗粒物占比61.24%,土方施工扬尘是西安市环境大气PM10和TSP的来源之一,工地内运输车辆及土方施工活动均为重要扬尘源。土方作业时PM2.5:PM10:TSP=0.01:0.55:1,夜间土方工程施工扬尘对西安市环境大气PM2.5的贡献能力有限。
In order to explore the dust emission characteristics of earthwork construction, based on the values of dust concentration and particle size of dust collected and detected at the site of earthwork, the change of dust concentration at construction site, the influence of meteorological factors on dust emission and earthwork construction Dust particle size distribution characteristics be resolved. The results showed that during the test period, the TSP concentration and PM10 concentration changed greatly, and the short-time concentration peak appeared. The dust of earthwork construction on the construction site was affected not only by the concrete construction activities but also with the meteorological factors. The concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP at earthwork construction site at construction site was positively correlated with temperature and humidity, negatively correlated with wind speed and wind direction. The proportion of particles with larger particle size in earthwork construction is higher than the atmosphere and background value in construction site, and the proportion of particulates with particle size not less than 10μm accounts for 61.24%. The earthwork construction dust is one of the sources of PM10 and TSP in Xi'an, Internal transport vehicles and earthwork construction activities are all important dust sources. PM2.5:PM10:TSP=0.01:0.55:1 for earthwork operation, and the contribution of construction dust from earthwork at night to PM2.5 in Xi'an's ambient atmosphere is limited.
In order to explore the dust emission characteristics of earthwork construction, based on the values of dust concentration and particle size of dust collected and detected at the site of earthwork, the change of dust concentration at construction site, the influence of meteorological factors on dust emission and earthwork construction Dust particle size distribution characteristics be resolved. The results showed that during the test period, the TSP concentration and PM10 concentration changed greatly, and the short-time concentration peak appeared. The dust of earthwork construction on the construction site was affected not only by the concrete construction activities but also with the meteorological factors. The concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP at earthwork construction site at construction site was positively correlated with temperature and humidity, negatively correlated with wind speed and wind direction. The proportion of particles with larger particle size in earthwork construction is higher than the atmosphere and background value in construction site, and the proportion of particulates with particle size not less than 10μm accounts for 61.24%. The earthwork construction dust is one of the sources of PM10 and TSP in Xi'an, Internal transport vehicles and earthwork construction activities are all important dust sources. PM2.5:PM10:TSP=0.01:0.55:1 for earthwork operation, and the contribution of construction dust from earthwork at night to PM2.5 in Xi'an's ambient atmosphere is limited.
引文
[1]ZHANG Zhihui,WU Fan.Health impairment due to building construction dust pollution[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2008,48(6):922-925.
[2]赵普生,冯银厂,张裕芬,等.建筑施工扬尘排放因子定量模型研究及应用[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):567-573.
[3]Ketchman K,Bilec M.Quantification of Particulate Matter from Commercial Building Excavation Activities Using Life-Cycle Approach[J].Journal of Construction Engineering&Management,2013,139(12):1-11.
[4]黄天健,李小冬,苏舒,等.建筑工程土方施工阶段扬尘污染监测与分析[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(3):317-320.
[5]YANG Song,YE Zhixiang,YANG Huaijin,et al.Characteristics and sources of fugitive dust pollution from construction site in Chengdu[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,(s1):324-329.
[6]TIAN Gang,HUANG Yuhu,LI Gang.Establishment and Application of Four-dimensional Fluxes Emission Factor Model for Construction Fugitive Dust[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1003-1007.
[7]李小冬,苏舒,黄天健,等.土方施工阶段施工扬尘监测与对比分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(5):126-131.
[8]余南娇,黄渤,李梅,等.大气细颗粒物扬尘源单颗粒质谱特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1262-1268.
[9]Azarmi F,Kumar P,Mulheron M.The exposure to coarse,fine and ultrafine particle emissions from concrete mixing,drilling and cutting activities[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,279(279):268-279.
[10]黄玉虎,蔡煜,毛华云,等.呼和浩特市施工扬尘排放因子和粒径分布[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然版),2011,42(2):230-235.
[11]Van Pelt R S,Zobeck T M.Chemical constituents of fugitive dust.[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2007,130(3):1-3.
[12]赵普生,冯银厂,金晶,等.建筑施工扬尘特征与监控指标[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1618-1623.
[13]樊守彬,李钢,田刚.施工现场扬尘排放特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12H):209-211.
[14]郭翔翔,甘麟雄,丁一,等.南宁市工地基础施工扬尘分布量化分析[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(4):1285-1290.
[15]徐媛倩,姜楠,燕启社,等.郑州市裸露地面风蚀扬尘排放清单研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(4):22-27.
[16]胡敏,赵云良,何凌燕,等.北京冬、夏季颗粒物及其离子成分质量浓度谱分布[J].环境科学,2005,26(4):1-6.
[17]Taylor C.Section 7.7 Building Construction Dust[R].California:CARB,September 2002.1-2.
[18]Ho K F,Lee S C,Chow J C,et al.Characterization of PM10,and PM2.5,source profiles for fugitive dust in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(8):1023-1032.
[2]赵普生,冯银厂,张裕芬,等.建筑施工扬尘排放因子定量模型研究及应用[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):567-573.
[3]Ketchman K,Bilec M.Quantification of Particulate Matter from Commercial Building Excavation Activities Using Life-Cycle Approach[J].Journal of Construction Engineering&Management,2013,139(12):1-11.
[4]黄天健,李小冬,苏舒,等.建筑工程土方施工阶段扬尘污染监测与分析[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(3):317-320.
[5]YANG Song,YE Zhixiang,YANG Huaijin,et al.Characteristics and sources of fugitive dust pollution from construction site in Chengdu[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,(s1):324-329.
[6]TIAN Gang,HUANG Yuhu,LI Gang.Establishment and Application of Four-dimensional Fluxes Emission Factor Model for Construction Fugitive Dust[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1003-1007.
[7]李小冬,苏舒,黄天健,等.土方施工阶段施工扬尘监测与对比分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(5):126-131.
[8]余南娇,黄渤,李梅,等.大气细颗粒物扬尘源单颗粒质谱特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1262-1268.
[9]Azarmi F,Kumar P,Mulheron M.The exposure to coarse,fine and ultrafine particle emissions from concrete mixing,drilling and cutting activities[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,279(279):268-279.
[10]黄玉虎,蔡煜,毛华云,等.呼和浩特市施工扬尘排放因子和粒径分布[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然版),2011,42(2):230-235.
[11]Van Pelt R S,Zobeck T M.Chemical constituents of fugitive dust.[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2007,130(3):1-3.
[12]赵普生,冯银厂,金晶,等.建筑施工扬尘特征与监控指标[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1618-1623.
[13]樊守彬,李钢,田刚.施工现场扬尘排放特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12H):209-211.
[14]郭翔翔,甘麟雄,丁一,等.南宁市工地基础施工扬尘分布量化分析[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(4):1285-1290.
[15]徐媛倩,姜楠,燕启社,等.郑州市裸露地面风蚀扬尘排放清单研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(4):22-27.
[16]胡敏,赵云良,何凌燕,等.北京冬、夏季颗粒物及其离子成分质量浓度谱分布[J].环境科学,2005,26(4):1-6.
[17]Taylor C.Section 7.7 Building Construction Dust[R].California:CARB,September 2002.1-2.
[18]Ho K F,Lee S C,Chow J C,et al.Characterization of PM10,and PM2.5,source profiles for fugitive dust in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(8):1023-1032.