南海南部深水区低品质地震资料处理关键技术
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摘要
中国南海南部深水区勘探前景广阔,但地震资料极其稀少且品质低。针对中国南海南部深水某区块原始地震资料采集于20世纪70年代、无导航文本、海底记录时间不确定、缺道严重及电缆短的品质限制,造成该区仅有的纸质成果剖面上多次波严重、信噪比低、地层构造形态模糊问题,探索出一套适合于工区地震资料处理的关键技术:采用导航重构技术解决无导航文本问题;采用自相关海底拾取技术解决海底记录不确定问题;采用限频F-K域插值技术解决缺道问题;采用组合法压制多次波技术解决因电缆短多次波难压制问题。最后处理效果表明关键技术的应用使该区地震资料处理取得了预期效果。这些技术成果不仅为我国南海南部深水的油气勘探提供较可靠的地震资料,同时为类似低品质地震资料的处理提供了可借鉴的思路和技术。
The prospect of exploration in southern South China Sea is widest,but the seismic data are very rare and the quality is low.The deepwater block seismic data in southern South China Sea are constrained by low quality seismic data acquired in the 1970 s,characterized by no navigation text,time uncertainty of record about seabed,serious lack of traces and very short cable,which results in unique seismic processing results with serious multiples,low signal-to-noise ratio and illegibility of stratigraphic structure record on paper.To solve these problems,the authors use and develop a set of key technologies that are suitable for seismic data processing in this area,such as using navigation reconstruction technique to solve the problem of lack of navigation text,using self-correlation technique to solve the problem of seabed records uncertainty,using the frequency limited F-K domain interpolation technique to solve the problem of lack of traces,using combination multiples suppression technique to solve the problem of multiples suppression caused by short cable.The final results show that the applications of key technologies make the seismic data achieve expected effect in this area.These technological achievements not only provide reliable seismic data for deepwater oil and gas exploration in southern South China Sea but also provide some ideas and techniques for similar low-quality seismic data processing.
The prospect of exploration in southern South China Sea is widest,but the seismic data are very rare and the quality is low.The deepwater block seismic data in southern South China Sea are constrained by low quality seismic data acquired in the 1970 s,characterized by no navigation text,time uncertainty of record about seabed,serious lack of traces and very short cable,which results in unique seismic processing results with serious multiples,low signal-to-noise ratio and illegibility of stratigraphic structure record on paper.To solve these problems,the authors use and develop a set of key technologies that are suitable for seismic data processing in this area,such as using navigation reconstruction technique to solve the problem of lack of navigation text,using self-correlation technique to solve the problem of seabed records uncertainty,using the frequency limited F-K domain interpolation technique to solve the problem of lack of traces,using combination multiples suppression technique to solve the problem of multiples suppression caused by short cable.The final results show that the applications of key technologies make the seismic data achieve expected effect in this area.These technological achievements not only provide reliable seismic data for deepwater oil and gas exploration in southern South China Sea but also provide some ideas and techniques for similar low-quality seismic data processing.
引文
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[13]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398-405.Zhang J H,Lu N,Lei L et al. Analysis of applied factor for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J]. Oil Geopgysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):398-405.
[14] Wiggins.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction[J].Geophysics,1988,53(5):1527-1539.
[15] Taner.Long-period sea-floor multiples and their suppression[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(3):30-48.
[16] Lu W.Adaptive multiple subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):179-184.
[17] Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J. Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination[J].Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
[18] Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,Part I:Theoretical considerations[J]. Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[19] Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,Part II:Practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[20]李东升,帕提幔.利用波动方程预测减去法压制海洋地震资料中的多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(s):58-60.Li D S,Pa T M.Using wave-equation-predicted minus approach to suppress multiple of marine seismic data[J]. OGP,2007,42(s):57-60.
[2]朱伟林,米立军,等.中国海域含油气盆地图集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:128-130.Zhu W L,Mi L J,et al.Atlas of petroleum-bearing basins in China Sea Area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:128-130.
[3]吴峧岐,高红芳,孙桂华.南沙海域万安盆地地质构造与沉积体系特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(5):1-11.Wu J Q,Gao H F,Sun G H. Geological structure and sedimentary systems of the Wan'an basin,Nansha waters[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2012,32(5):1-11.
[4]张功成,王璞珺,吴景富,等.边缘海构造旋回:南海演化的新模式[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):1-11.Zhang G C,Wang P J,Wu J F,et al.Tectonic cycle of marginal oceanic basin:A new evolution model of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):27-37.
[5]金凤鸣,吕健飞,孙朝辉,等.低品质老地震资料的重新处理方法与应用[J].中国石油勘探,2014,1(19):42-49.Jin F M,Lu J F,Sun C H,et al.Method for pe-processing of lowquality old seismic data and its application[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,1(19):42-49.
[6]李振勇.海上地震导航数据的处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(s):30-34.Li Z Y. Marine seismic navigation data processing technique[J].OGP,2007,42(s):30-34.
[7]张军华,王要森,郑旭刚,等.海上地震资料多次波特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(5):574-577.Zhang J H,Wang Y S,Zheng X G. Offshore seismic data multiple characteristics analysis[J].OGP,2009,44(5):574-577.
[8]宜明理,严又生,魏新,等.F-K域抗假频道内插[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):36-41.Yi M L,Yan Y S,Wei X,et al.Using anti-alias trace interpolation in F-K domain[J].GPP,2001,40(2):36-41.
[9]国九英,周兴元,俞寿朋.F-X域等道距道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(1):28-34.Guo J Y,Zhou X Y,Yu S P.Iso-interval trace interpolation in F-X domain[J].OGP,1996,31(1):28-34.
[10]李国发.F-K域与F-X域联合实现道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(5):693-701.Li G F. Joint trace interpolation in F-K and F-X domains[J].OGP,1995,30(5):693-701.
[11]田继强,胡天跃.反馈迭代法在自由表面多次波压制中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):449-454.Tian J Q,Hu T Y.Application of feedback iteration on surface-related multiple suppression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):449-454.
[12]尹军杰,王伟,王赟,等.基于散射成像的多次波衰减[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):319-323.Yin J J,Wang W,Wang Y,et al. Multiple attenuation based on scattering imaging[J].GPP,2007,46(4):319-323.
[13]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398-405.Zhang J H,Lu N,Lei L et al. Analysis of applied factor for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J]. Oil Geopgysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):398-405.
[14] Wiggins.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction[J].Geophysics,1988,53(5):1527-1539.
[15] Taner.Long-period sea-floor multiples and their suppression[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(3):30-48.
[16] Lu W.Adaptive multiple subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):179-184.
[17] Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J. Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination[J].Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
[18] Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,Part I:Theoretical considerations[J]. Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[19] Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,Part II:Practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[20]李东升,帕提幔.利用波动方程预测减去法压制海洋地震资料中的多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(s):58-60.Li D S,Pa T M.Using wave-equation-predicted minus approach to suppress multiple of marine seismic data[J]. OGP,2007,42(s):57-60.