浅埋采空区瞬变电磁法响应特征试验研究
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摘要
为了查明浅埋深采空区的瞬变电磁法响应特征,在鄂尔多斯矿区选取有代表性的已知浅埋深采空区,进行不同线框尺寸、发射电流、发射频率、增益等参数条件下单支曲线电磁响应特征的分析,并在典型剖面中进行已知采空区与正常煤层视电阻率对比,总结浅埋深采空区的判识标志。研究结果表明:对埋深小于150 m的采空区,选择发射线框不宜大于180 m、发射电流宜大于12 A、频率不宜小于25 Hz、24～26左右增益的参数组合,采集的试验数据信噪比高。将参数优化结果应用到实际探测中,采空区附近测点归一化电位曲线与正常岩层相比有明显差异,采空区附近测点归一化电位衰减更快,表现在视电阻率断面图上,采空区边界误差不超过10 m,可实现浅埋深采空区精细探测。
This paper presented the results of an experimental study on response characteristics of transient electromagnetic method in shallow gob. Representative shallow gobs with known depth in Ordos mining area were chosen to perform the experiments. Single curve analysis of electromagnetic response characteristics was conducted under different wire frame sizes,emission currents,emission frequencies,and gains.The apparent resistivity of the known goaf and the normal coal seam was compared with the typical electromagnetic response profile to develop the identifying criteria for shallow gobs. The experimental results showed that for gob below 150 m depth,under the combinations of these conditions,the collect data had a high signal to noise ratio-emission frame below 180 m,emission current over 12 A,frequency above 25 Hz,and gain around 24～ 26. Applying the optimized parameters to field detections,the normalized potential curve near the gob was significantly different from that of the normal rock formation,the normalized potential decayed faster near the gob. From the apparent resistivity profile,the detection error of gob boundary was less than 10 m,which proved that the shallow gob could be accurately detected.
This paper presented the results of an experimental study on response characteristics of transient electromagnetic method in shallow gob. Representative shallow gobs with known depth in Ordos mining area were chosen to perform the experiments. Single curve analysis of electromagnetic response characteristics was conducted under different wire frame sizes,emission currents,emission frequencies,and gains.The apparent resistivity of the known goaf and the normal coal seam was compared with the typical electromagnetic response profile to develop the identifying criteria for shallow gobs. The experimental results showed that for gob below 150 m depth,under the combinations of these conditions,the collect data had a high signal to noise ratio-emission frame below 180 m,emission current over 12 A,frequency above 25 Hz,and gain around 24～ 26. Applying the optimized parameters to field detections,the normalized potential curve near the gob was significantly different from that of the normal rock formation,the normalized potential decayed faster near the gob. From the apparent resistivity profile,the detection error of gob boundary was less than 10 m,which proved that the shallow gob could be accurately detected.
引文
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[14]牟义.典型地质异常体电磁法响应特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2017,22(4):4-9.MU Yi.Study of electromagnetic response characteristics of typical geological anomalous body[J].Coal Mining Technology,2017,22(4):4-9.
[15]张彬,牟义,张永超,等.三维高密度电阻率成像探测技术在煤矿采空区勘查中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(6):104-107.ZHANG Bin,MU Yi,ZHANG Yongchao,et al.Application in coal mine goaf detection of three dimensional high density resistivity imaging detection technology[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(6):104-107.
[16]杨勇,陈清通.综合物探方法在房采采空区勘查中的应用研究[J].中国煤炭,2017,43(8):47-51.YANG Yong,CHEN Qingtong.Application and study of integrated geophysical prospecting in gob exploration of room-and-pillar system[J].China Coal,2017,43(8):47-51.
[17]刘博文,王俊,李伟,等.综合探测技术在露天煤矿群采空区中的应用[J].中国煤炭,2015,32(3):40-43,60.LIU Bowen,WANG Jun,LI Wei,et al. Application of composite detection technology in group goafs of open-pit coal mine[J].China Coal,2015,32(3):40-43,60.
[18]程久龙,邱浩,叶云涛,等.矿井瞬变电磁法波场变换与数据处理方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1646-1650.CHENG Jiulong,QIU Hao,YE Yuntao,et al. Research on wavefield transformation and data processing of the mine transient electromagnetic method[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1646-1650.
[19]孙庆先,安晋松,牟义,等.地面与井下物探联合精细探测小型断层构造[J].煤矿开采,2014,19(6):25-28.SUN Qingxian,AN Jinsong,MU Yi,et al. Small fault exploration with surface and underground combined detailed geophysical prospecting[J].Coal Mining Technology,2014,19(6):25-28.
[20]程建远,孙洪星,赵庆彪,等.老窑采空区的探测技术与实例研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(3):251-255.CHENG Jianyuan,SUN Hongxing,ZHAO Qingbiao,et al.The detection technology of excavated region in coal mine and case study[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(3):251-255.
[21]姜志海,杨光.浅埋特厚煤层小窑采空区瞬变电磁探测技术研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):769-774.JIANG Zhihai,YANG Guang. Research and application of TEM detection technology for small mine gob area in shallow buried and extremely thick seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):769-774.
[22]夏春鹏,窦文武,樊林林,等.不同视电阻率导体对瞬变电磁法的响应特征分析[J].中州煤炭,2015(11):114-117.XIA Chunpeng,DOU Wenwu,FAN Linlin,et al. Analysis on response characteristic of different apparent resistivity conductor for Transient Electromagnetic Method[J]. Zhongzhou Coal,2015(11):114-117.
[23]牟义,黎灵,张永超,等.浅层地震法探测浅煤层采空区试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(6):69-71.MU Yi,LI Ling,ZHANG Yongchao,et al. Experimental study of shallow seismic method in detecting shallow coal mined-out Area[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(6):69-71.
[24]薛国强,宋建平,闫述,等.瞬变电磁探测地下洞体的可行性分析[J].石油大学学报,2004,28(5):135-138.XUE Guoqiang,SONG Jianping,YAN Shu,et al. Feasibility analysis of transient electromagnetic method for detecting underground cave[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum,2004,28(5):135-138.
[2]张永超,贾新果,陈凯.瞬变电磁法探测超高水材料注浆治理采空区效果[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(3):174-178,100.ZHANG Yongchao,JIA Xinguo,CHEN Kai.TEM inspecting of goaf treatment effect with grouting super high water material[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(3):174-178,100.
[3]程久龙,潘冬明,李伟,等.强电磁干扰区灾害性采空区探地雷达精细探测研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):227-231.CHENG Jiulong,PAN Dongming,LI Wei,et al.Study on the detecting of hazard abandoned workings by ground penetrating radar on strong electromagnetic interference area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):227-231.
[4]于师建,王玉和.双源大地电磁测深及其应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(11):5-7.YU Shijian,WANG Yuhe. Double power earth electric magnetic depth measuring and application[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(11):5-7.
[5]李宏杰,贾新果,廉玉广,等.煤矿采空区隐蔽灾害探测及治理技术与实践[J],中国煤炭地质,2015,27(10):29-34.LI Hongjie,JIA Xinguo,LIAN Yuguang,et al. Coal mine gob hidden hazard detection,control technologies and practice[J].Coal Geology of China,2015,27(10):29-34.
[6]李文.煤矿采空区地面综合物探方法优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):194-199.LI Wen. Optimization study of surface comprehensive geophysical detection methods of coal mine goafs[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):194-199.
[7]牟义.切片技术在煤矿回采工作面瞬变电磁法探测中的研究与应用[J].中国煤炭,2014,40(3):35-39.MU Yi.Research and application of slicing technology in transient electromagnetic detection in coal mining face[J]. China Coal,2014,40(3):35-39.
[8]尹尚先.矿井水预测探查及预警保障技术[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(1):37-40.YIN Shangxian. Mine water advanced exploration and earlywarning safeguarding techniques[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(1):37-40.
[9]张彬.煤矿隐蔽灾害井下精细探测技术方法与优化[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(4):26-32.ZHANG Bin.Exquisite detection method and optimization of mine implicit disaster[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(4):26-32.
[10]牟义,徐慧,窦文武,等.矿井回采工作面隐蔽灾害综合物探技术研究[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(6):22-27.MU Yi,XU Hui,DOU Wenwu,et al. Complex geophysical prospecting of hide disaster of mining working face in mine[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(6):22-27.
[11]牟义.矿井超前精细探测技术方法与应用[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(11):88-91.MU Yi.Mine advanced detailed detection technology method and optimization[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2012,43(11):88-91.
[12]邱浩,舒宗运,张永超,等.富水采空区瞬变电磁拟地震探测实验研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2014,19(6):25-28,4.QIU Hao,SHU Zongyun,ZHANG Yongchao,et al. Experimental study of the pseudo-seismic prospecting applied on water rich gob area[J].Coal Geology of China,2014,19(6):25-28,4.
[13]姜国庆,贾春梅,谭强,等.频率域电磁法在煤矿采空区调查中的应用[J].物探与化探,2015,39(3):646-650.JIANG Guoqing,JIA Chunmei,TAN Qiang,et al. Application of FDEM in detecting coal mined-out areas[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(3):646-650.
[14]牟义.典型地质异常体电磁法响应特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2017,22(4):4-9.MU Yi.Study of electromagnetic response characteristics of typical geological anomalous body[J].Coal Mining Technology,2017,22(4):4-9.
[15]张彬,牟义,张永超,等.三维高密度电阻率成像探测技术在煤矿采空区勘查中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(6):104-107.ZHANG Bin,MU Yi,ZHANG Yongchao,et al.Application in coal mine goaf detection of three dimensional high density resistivity imaging detection technology[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(6):104-107.
[16]杨勇,陈清通.综合物探方法在房采采空区勘查中的应用研究[J].中国煤炭,2017,43(8):47-51.YANG Yong,CHEN Qingtong.Application and study of integrated geophysical prospecting in gob exploration of room-and-pillar system[J].China Coal,2017,43(8):47-51.
[17]刘博文,王俊,李伟,等.综合探测技术在露天煤矿群采空区中的应用[J].中国煤炭,2015,32(3):40-43,60.LIU Bowen,WANG Jun,LI Wei,et al. Application of composite detection technology in group goafs of open-pit coal mine[J].China Coal,2015,32(3):40-43,60.
[18]程久龙,邱浩,叶云涛,等.矿井瞬变电磁法波场变换与数据处理方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1646-1650.CHENG Jiulong,QIU Hao,YE Yuntao,et al. Research on wavefield transformation and data processing of the mine transient electromagnetic method[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1646-1650.
[19]孙庆先,安晋松,牟义,等.地面与井下物探联合精细探测小型断层构造[J].煤矿开采,2014,19(6):25-28.SUN Qingxian,AN Jinsong,MU Yi,et al. Small fault exploration with surface and underground combined detailed geophysical prospecting[J].Coal Mining Technology,2014,19(6):25-28.
[20]程建远,孙洪星,赵庆彪,等.老窑采空区的探测技术与实例研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(3):251-255.CHENG Jianyuan,SUN Hongxing,ZHAO Qingbiao,et al.The detection technology of excavated region in coal mine and case study[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(3):251-255.
[21]姜志海,杨光.浅埋特厚煤层小窑采空区瞬变电磁探测技术研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):769-774.JIANG Zhihai,YANG Guang. Research and application of TEM detection technology for small mine gob area in shallow buried and extremely thick seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):769-774.
[22]夏春鹏,窦文武,樊林林,等.不同视电阻率导体对瞬变电磁法的响应特征分析[J].中州煤炭,2015(11):114-117.XIA Chunpeng,DOU Wenwu,FAN Linlin,et al. Analysis on response characteristic of different apparent resistivity conductor for Transient Electromagnetic Method[J]. Zhongzhou Coal,2015(11):114-117.
[23]牟义,黎灵,张永超,等.浅层地震法探测浅煤层采空区试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(6):69-71.MU Yi,LI Ling,ZHANG Yongchao,et al. Experimental study of shallow seismic method in detecting shallow coal mined-out Area[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(6):69-71.
[24]薛国强,宋建平,闫述,等.瞬变电磁探测地下洞体的可行性分析[J].石油大学学报,2004,28(5):135-138.XUE Guoqiang,SONG Jianping,YAN Shu,et al. Feasibility analysis of transient electromagnetic method for detecting underground cave[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum,2004,28(5):135-138.