沉积型铝土矿及其含矿岩系在溶蚀洼地中的沉积特征——以遵义后槽矿区为例
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摘要
位于遵义铝土矿带中部的后槽矿区,受NE-SW向岩溶盆地控制,溶盆内分布有众多形态各异的中、小型溶洼、溶坑和溶沟,在这些溶蚀洼地中,沉积了下石炭统九架炉组的铝土矿含矿岩系。其中主要有似泥石流沉积、沼泽、泥炭沼泽沉积和洪泛漫流沉积。似泥石流沉积物与沼泽、泥炭沼泽沉积物多次交替重叠,构成了多个沉积旋回,表明沉积环境发生过多次周期性变化。似泥石流沉积和洪泛漫流沉积,是形成铝土矿的主要沉积作用。洪泛漫流沉积形成的、覆盖全区所有溶蚀洼地的铝土矿体最为重要,称为"主流面状矿体"。"主流面状矿体"形成之后,本区原始的红土风化壳物质向九架炉组铝土矿含矿岩系沉积物的转变阶段即告终结。铝土矿含矿岩系的形成,主要是在各种溶蚀洼地中陆相复合沉积作用的结果。
There are many medium and small karst depressions, karst pits and karst ditches with varied morphology in the NE-SW karst basin of the Houcao mining area in the middle of Zunyi bauxite belt. The bauxite-bearing rock series of Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation was deposited in these corroded depressions. The sedimentary types were mainly debris flow- like deposition,swamp deposition, peat bog deposition and flooding sheetflood deposition. Sediments of these sedimentary types were alternatively deposited in multiple depositional cycles. This shows that the depositional environment changed repeatedly and periodically. Debris flow deposit and flooding sheetflood deposit seem to have been the main sedimentary types in the bauxite mineralization process.Bauxite orebodies were formed by flooding sheetflood deposition, called "mainstream planar orebodies", which constituted the mainsedimentary type and covered all the corroded depressions in the mining area. After the formation of "mainstream planar orebodies",the conversion of the original laterite weathering crust material to the sediments of bauxite ore- bearing rock series in Jiujialu Formation drew to an end. The formation of bauxite-bearing rock series in corroded depressions was mainly affected by complex continental deposition.
There are many medium and small karst depressions, karst pits and karst ditches with varied morphology in the NE-SW karst basin of the Houcao mining area in the middle of Zunyi bauxite belt. The bauxite-bearing rock series of Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation was deposited in these corroded depressions. The sedimentary types were mainly debris flow- like deposition,swamp deposition, peat bog deposition and flooding sheetflood deposition. Sediments of these sedimentary types were alternatively deposited in multiple depositional cycles. This shows that the depositional environment changed repeatedly and periodically. Debris flow deposit and flooding sheetflood deposit seem to have been the main sedimentary types in the bauxite mineralization process.Bauxite orebodies were formed by flooding sheetflood deposition, called "mainstream planar orebodies", which constituted the mainsedimentary type and covered all the corroded depressions in the mining area. After the formation of "mainstream planar orebodies",the conversion of the original laterite weathering crust material to the sediments of bauxite ore- bearing rock series in Jiujialu Formation drew to an end. The formation of bauxite-bearing rock series in corroded depressions was mainly affected by complex continental deposition.
引文
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[3]郭文良,蒲德昌,杨祖庆,等.贵州省遵义县团溪铝土矿后槽矿区山头上矿段详细勘探地质报告[R].贵州省地质矿产局106地质大队,1987.Guo Wenliang,Pu Dechang,Yang Zuqing,etc.Report of Detailed Geologic Exploration of Shantoushang Ore Section of Houcao Bauxite Mining Area in Tuanxi,Zunyi,China[R].No.106Geological Party,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province,1987.
[4]蒲德昌,包月富,郭文良,等.贵州省遵义县团溪铝土矿后槽矿区四轮碑、槽房湾矿段详查地质报告[R].贵州省地质矿产局106地质大队,1989.Pu Dechang,Bao Yuefu,Guo Wenliang,et al.Report of Detailed Geologic Exploration of Caofangwan and Silunbei Ore Section of Houcao Bauxite Mining Area in Tuanxi,Zunyi,China[R].No.106Geological Party,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province,1989.
[5]刘平,廖友常.黔中—渝南铝土矿含矿岩系时代探讨[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):661-682..Liu Ping,Liao Youchang.A tentative discussion on the age of bauxite-bearing rock series in Central Guizhou-Southern Chongqing area[J].Geology in China,2012,39(3):661-682(in Chinese with English Abstract).
[6]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:235-241.Liu Baojun.Sedimentary Petrology[M].Beijing:Geologieal Publishing House,1980:235-241(in Chinese).
[7]路凤香,桑隆康.岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:165-187.Lu Fengxiang,Sang Longkang.Petrology[M].Beijing:Geologieal Publishing House,2002:165-187(in Chinese).
[8]刘平.再论贵州之铝土矿——从化学组分特征探讨后槽铝土矿物质来源[J].贵州地质,1991,8(4):313-320.Liu Ping.Another discussion on Guizhou bauxite deposits——A study of Houcao bauxite material resources according to chemical composition features[J].Guizhou Geology 1991,8(4):313-320(in Chinese with English Abstract).
[9]刘平.七论贵州之铝土矿——含矿岩系重矿物分布特征[J].贵州地质,1997,14(4)303-311.Liu Ping.Bauxite deposits in Guizhou:Part Vll.Features of heavy minerals in bauxitebearing profiles[J].Guizhou Geology,1997,14(4):303-311(in Chinese with English Abstract).
[10]刘长龄,覃志安.我国铝土矿中微量元素的地球化学特征[J].沉积学报,1991,(2):25-33.Liu Changling,Qin Zhi’an.Geo chemistry of trace elements in bauxite of China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1991,(2)25-33(in Chinese with English Abstract).
[11]刘平.黔中—川南石炭纪铝土矿的地球化学特征[J].中国区域地质,1999,18(2):210-217.Liu Ping.Geochemical characteristics of carboniferous bauxite deposits in central Guizhou-Southern Sichuan[J].Regional Geology of China,1999,18(2):210-217(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:125-137,378-387.Liu Yingjun,Cao Liming,Li Zhaolin,etc.Element Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984:125-137,378-387.
[13]刘平.九论贵州之铝土矿—贵州铝土矿伴生镓的分布特征及综合利用前景[J].贵州地质,2007,24(2):90-96.Liu Ping.Characteristics of associcata gallium distributed in the bauxite in Guizhou and Prospects for Comprehensive lltilization:Nine treatments of bauxite ores[J].Guizhou Geology,2007,24(2):90-96(in Chinese with English abstract).
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