二里河铅锌矿采场结构参数及巷道布置研究
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摘要
二里河铅锌矿目前正在准备开采埋深500～800 m的深部矿体,从已掘进的1 100 m中段探矿巷道地压显现来看,深部的采场结构参数及巷道布置位置需要优化。应用FLAC~(3D)正交数值模拟采场结构参数对采场稳定性的影响,建立多指标综合评价模型以便优选采场结构参数;应用FLAC~(3D)分析距矿体下盘边界不同距离的巷道围岩应力变化,借助监测巷道顶底板上某点的应力变化趋势优选巷道布置位置。研究结果表明:深部采场最佳结构参数为矿房走向长度40 m,间柱厚度10 m,顶柱厚度12 m,其中,顶柱厚度对采场稳定性的影响最显著,增大顶柱厚度是提高采场稳定性的最有效途径;下盘脉外运输巷道布置在距矿体下盘边界线12 m处最为合理;距巷道较近的本中段矿体开采是引起巷道地压显现的主要原因,矿柱回采会加速中段运输巷道的破坏。实践证明,深部采场结构参数及巷道布置的研究结论合理、可靠。
Erlihe lead-zinc mine is currently preparing to exploit deep ore bodies in the depth of 500 ～ 800 m.According to the roadway pressure occurred at 1 100 m stage prospecting roadway,it's necessary to optimize the structure parameters of the deep stope and the layout of the roadway. In this paper,FLAC~(3D) and orthogonal tests are used to simulate the effect of stope structure parameters on stope stability,and the multi-index comprehensive evaluation model is established to choose the best stope structure parameters. FLAC~(3D) is also used to analyze the stress variation in surrounding rock of roadway with different distance from the footwall boundary of ore body,and the most rational roadway location is determined by means of monitoring the stress variation of one point in roadway roof. The result shows that the optimum structure parameters of the deep stope are the stope span of 40 m,the column thickness of 10 m and the top pillar thickness of 12 m. Among them,the top pillar thickness significantly influences the stability of stope,and increasing the top pillar thickness is the most effective way to improve the stability of the stope. It is the most reasonable that the haulage roadway outside the footwall vein should be located at 12 m form the boundary of the footwall orebody. The exploitation of the ore body,near the roadway in the same stage,is a major cause of producing the roadway pressure,and the pillar extraction exacerbates the damage of the haulage roadway. It has been proved that the conclusions of deep stope structure parameters and roadway layout are reasonable and reliable.
Erlihe lead-zinc mine is currently preparing to exploit deep ore bodies in the depth of 500 ～ 800 m.According to the roadway pressure occurred at 1 100 m stage prospecting roadway,it's necessary to optimize the structure parameters of the deep stope and the layout of the roadway. In this paper,FLAC~(3D) and orthogonal tests are used to simulate the effect of stope structure parameters on stope stability,and the multi-index comprehensive evaluation model is established to choose the best stope structure parameters. FLAC~(3D) is also used to analyze the stress variation in surrounding rock of roadway with different distance from the footwall boundary of ore body,and the most rational roadway location is determined by means of monitoring the stress variation of one point in roadway roof. The result shows that the optimum structure parameters of the deep stope are the stope span of 40 m,the column thickness of 10 m and the top pillar thickness of 12 m. Among them,the top pillar thickness significantly influences the stability of stope,and increasing the top pillar thickness is the most effective way to improve the stability of the stope. It is the most reasonable that the haulage roadway outside the footwall vein should be located at 12 m form the boundary of the footwall orebody. The exploitation of the ore body,near the roadway in the same stage,is a major cause of producing the roadway pressure,and the pillar extraction exacerbates the damage of the haulage roadway. It has been proved that the conclusions of deep stope structure parameters and roadway layout are reasonable and reliable.
引文
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[9]康红普.回采巷道锚杆支护影响因素的FLAC分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497-502.(Kang Hongpu.FLAC analysis on affecting factors to rock bolting in gateroads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497-502.(in Chinese))
[10]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学机理数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1287-1290.(Su Zhongjie,Yu Guangming,Yang Lun.Numerical simulation on mechanism of deformation of separated strata in overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1287-1290.(in Chinese))
[11]李俊平,张浩,李鹏伟.毕机沟露天矿岩体力学参数折减系数的数值模拟确定[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):140-145.(Li Junping,Zhang Hao,Li Pengwei.On the determination approach to the numerical simulation for the rock mass parameters’reduction factor application in Bijigou open-pit mine[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(5):140-145.(in Chinese))
[12]邓红卫,胡普仑,周科平,等.采场结构参数敏感性正交数值模拟试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2463-2469.(Deng Hongwei,Hu Pulun,Zhou Keping,et al.Test of orthogonal numerical simulation on sensitivity of stope structure parameters[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology Edition),2013,44(6):2463-2469.(in Chinese))
[13]李宗利.二里河铅锌矿采矿方法优化研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.(Li Zongli.The optimize study on mining method of Erlihe lead and zinc mine[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[14]李荣平,李剑玲.多指标统计综合评价方法研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2004,25(1):85-88.(Li Rongping,Li Jianling.Research on regional technique creativity and vires evaluation method[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology,2004,25(1):85-88.(in Chinese))
[2]刘爱华,董蕾.海水下基岩矿床安全开采顶板厚度计算方法[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):335-340.(Liu Aihua,Dong Lei.Calculation methods of roof thickness for safety mining of bedrock deposit undersea water pressure[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):335-340.(in Chinese))
[3]李洁慧,王新民,张钦礼,等.采场结构参数的层次分析和模糊数学综合评价[J].化工矿物与加工,2009(9):23-27.(Li Jiehui,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli,et al.Stope structural parameters optimization based on AHP and Fuzzy mathematics[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2009(9):23-27.(in Chinese))
[4]谢学斌,潘长良,曹平,等.岩爆倾向矿床采场结构参数优化方法[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(2):121-124.(Xie Xuebin,Pan Changliang,Cao Ping,et al.An optimization method of stope structure parameter for rockburst tendency mine[J].Journal of Central and South University(Science and Technology),1999,30(2):121-124.(in Chinese))
[5]孟凡茂.正交设计在有限元法优化采场结构参数中的应用[J].有色金属(矿山部分),1992(4):22-24.(Meng Fanmao.Application of orthogonal design to optimization of stope structural parameters by finite element method[J].Nonferrous Metals(Minging),1992(4):22-24.(in Chinese))
[6]周海清,刘东升,陈正汉.工程类比法及其在滑坡治理工程中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(6):1056-1060.(Zhou Haiqing,Liu Dongsheng,Chen Zhenghan.Analogy method and It’s application in the landslide control engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(6):1056-10604.(in Chinese))
[7]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(Qian Minggao,Shi Pingwu,Xu Jialin.Mine pressure and rock formation control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[8]杨厚柱,李效甫.巷道支护形式与围岩稳定性的相似材料模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1992(3):23-26.(Yang Houzhu,Li Xiaofu.Similarity material simulation study on support patterns and the surrounding rock stability of roadway[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1992(3):23-26.(in Chinese))
[9]康红普.回采巷道锚杆支护影响因素的FLAC分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497-502.(Kang Hongpu.FLAC analysis on affecting factors to rock bolting in gateroads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497-502.(in Chinese))
[10]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学机理数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1287-1290.(Su Zhongjie,Yu Guangming,Yang Lun.Numerical simulation on mechanism of deformation of separated strata in overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1287-1290.(in Chinese))
[11]李俊平,张浩,李鹏伟.毕机沟露天矿岩体力学参数折减系数的数值模拟确定[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):140-145.(Li Junping,Zhang Hao,Li Pengwei.On the determination approach to the numerical simulation for the rock mass parameters’reduction factor application in Bijigou open-pit mine[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(5):140-145.(in Chinese))
[12]邓红卫,胡普仑,周科平,等.采场结构参数敏感性正交数值模拟试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2463-2469.(Deng Hongwei,Hu Pulun,Zhou Keping,et al.Test of orthogonal numerical simulation on sensitivity of stope structure parameters[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology Edition),2013,44(6):2463-2469.(in Chinese))
[13]李宗利.二里河铅锌矿采矿方法优化研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.(Li Zongli.The optimize study on mining method of Erlihe lead and zinc mine[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[14]李荣平,李剑玲.多指标统计综合评价方法研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2004,25(1):85-88.(Li Rongping,Li Jianling.Research on regional technique creativity and vires evaluation method[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology,2004,25(1):85-88.(in Chinese))