中国锡矿床时空分布特征与潜力评价
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摘要
锡矿是中国传统优势矿种,但是近年来遇到了找矿潜力区不足和找矿方向不明等问题,急需进一步分析和总结其地质特征、成矿规律和资源潜力,为今后地质找矿工作提供借鉴。文中采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,在各省区锡矿资源潜力预测成果的基础上,以MapGIS为平台,进行数据库汇总与综合分析研究。首先,基于全国893处锡矿产地数据的统计分析,初步总结了中国锡矿时空分布特征,岩浆岩、构造和地层等控矿因素。其次,根据锡矿床及预测区的空间分布和大地构造单元,划分了44个锡矿成矿区带。再次,将锡矿的预测类型划分为石英脉型、锡石-硫化物型、夕卡岩型、云英型、伟晶岩型、火山岩型和砂矿型,并建立了主要锡矿类型的预测模型。最后,在全国范围累计圈定1 179个最小预测区,累计预测资源量1 861.13×10~4 t。根据锡矿区域成矿特征,将最小预测区归并为405个二级预测区,并进一步合并为109个锡矿三级预测区,其中找矿潜力大的湖南香花岭—千里山和塔山—大义山、云南个旧和薄竹山—都龙、内蒙古黄冈梁等5个三级预测区可优先部署锡矿勘查工作。预测结果还表明锡矿在500m以浅的找矿空间里仍有很大资源潜力,因此,找矿工作应注重深浅结合,在重视老矿山深部外围找矿的同时,还应重视覆盖区和非传统锡矿类型等新领域的找矿勘查。
Tin is one of traditional dominant mineral resources in China.However in recent years,we are faced with shortage of potential tin mineral prospecting area and uncertainty in prospecting direction,thus further geological and metallogenic studies on tin resources potential are urgently needed to provide a reference point for future geological prospecting work.In this paper,using mineral deposit model and comprehensive geological information prediction method,we performed comprehensive analyses of tin resources prediction data from various provinces with MapGIS platform.Based on the statistical analysis of 893 tin mineral occurrences,the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of tin deposit and ore-control factors such as magmatites,tectonics and strata were summarized.Forty four tin ore metallogenic belts were delineated according to tectonic units and locations of tin deposits and prospective areas.The prediction types of tin deposit were classified into quartz vein,cassiterite-sulfide,skarn,greisen,pegmatite,volcanic and placer types,and prediction model was established for the main types.In total,1179 minimum prospective areas were delineated nationwide,with a cumulative predicted tin metal resources of 18.61 million tons.According to the regional metallogenic characteristics,minimum prospective areas were merged into 405 level-Ⅱ prospective areas,which were further combined into 109 level-Ⅲ prospective areas.Five of the level-Ⅲ prospective areas,including Xianghualing-Qianlishan and Tashan-Dayishan areas in Hunan Province,Gejiu and Bozhushan-Dulong areas in Yunnan Province and Huanggangliang area in Inner Mongolia,were selected as the priority exploration areas.Our prediction results also showed that great resource potential still exists at 500 m depth,therefore,tin prospecting work should focus on both deep and shallow mineralization.Thus,tin exploration should not only pay attention to the periphery of old mines,but also to new territories in overlay areas and nontraditional resources type tin deposits.
Tin is one of traditional dominant mineral resources in China.However in recent years,we are faced with shortage of potential tin mineral prospecting area and uncertainty in prospecting direction,thus further geological and metallogenic studies on tin resources potential are urgently needed to provide a reference point for future geological prospecting work.In this paper,using mineral deposit model and comprehensive geological information prediction method,we performed comprehensive analyses of tin resources prediction data from various provinces with MapGIS platform.Based on the statistical analysis of 893 tin mineral occurrences,the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of tin deposit and ore-control factors such as magmatites,tectonics and strata were summarized.Forty four tin ore metallogenic belts were delineated according to tectonic units and locations of tin deposits and prospective areas.The prediction types of tin deposit were classified into quartz vein,cassiterite-sulfide,skarn,greisen,pegmatite,volcanic and placer types,and prediction model was established for the main types.In total,1179 minimum prospective areas were delineated nationwide,with a cumulative predicted tin metal resources of 18.61 million tons.According to the regional metallogenic characteristics,minimum prospective areas were merged into 405 level-Ⅱ prospective areas,which were further combined into 109 level-Ⅲ prospective areas.Five of the level-Ⅲ prospective areas,including Xianghualing-Qianlishan and Tashan-Dayishan areas in Hunan Province,Gejiu and Bozhushan-Dulong areas in Yunnan Province and Huanggangliang area in Inner Mongolia,were selected as the priority exploration areas.Our prediction results also showed that great resource potential still exists at 500 m depth,therefore,tin prospecting work should focus on both deep and shallow mineralization.Thus,tin exploration should not only pay attention to the periphery of old mines,but also to new territories in overlay areas and nontraditional resources type tin deposits.
引文
[1]邢万里,王安建,王高尚,等.我国锡资源安全简析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(7):11-15.
[2]张苺.全球锡矿资源及开发现状[J].中国金属通报,2011,32:19-21.
[3]於崇文,唐元骏,石平方,等.云南个旧锡多金属成矿区内生成矿作用的动力学体系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988.
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[5]罗君烈.滇西锡矿的花岗岩类及其成矿作用[J].矿床地质,1991,10(1):81-96.
[6]SCHWARTZ M.Geochemical criteria for distinguishing magmatic and metasomatic albite:enrichment in granitoidsexamples from the Ta-Li granite Yichun(China)and the Sn-W deposit Tikus(Indonesia)[J].Mineralium Deposita,1992,27:101-108.
[7]毛景文,李红艳,裴荣富.千里山花岗岩体地质地球化学及与成矿关系[J].矿床地质,1995,14(1):12-25.
[8]HONG W,COOKE D R,HUSTON D L,et al.Geochronological,geochemical and Pb isotopic compositions of Tasmanian granites(southeast Australia):controls on petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution and tin mineralisation[J].Gondwana Research,2017,46:124-140.
[9]秦德先,谈树成,范柱国,等.个旧—大厂地区地质构造演化及锡多金属成矿[J].矿物学报,2004,24(2):117-123.
[10]徐启东,夏庆霖,成秋明.云南个旧矿集区区域构造-岩浆演化与锡铜多金属成矿系统[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(2):307-313.
[11]ZHAO K D,JIANG S Y,NAKAMURA E,et al.Fluidrock interaction in the Qitianling granite and tin deposits,South China:evidence from boron and oxygen isotopes[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,43:243-248.
[12]CHEN Y X,LI H,SUN W D,et al.Generation of Late Mesozoic Qianlishan A(2)-type granite in Nanling Range,South China:implications for Shizhuyuan W-Sn mineralization and tectonic evolution[J].Lithos,2016,266:435-452.
[13]LEHMANN B,MAHAWAT C.Metallogeny of tin in central Thailand:agenetic concept[J].Geology,1989,17:426-429.
[14]SURJONO S M O.The Pemali tin deposit,Bangka,Indone-sia[J].Mineralium Deposita,1991,26:18-25.
[15]毛景文,程彦博,郭春丽,等.云南个旧锡矿田:矿床模型及若干问题讨论[J].地质学报,2008,82(11):1455-1467.
[16]桑浩,夏庆霖,赵京,等.西来利山与小龙河云英岩型锡矿成矿流体氧逸度特征对比[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(3):321-330.
[17]CAO H W,PEI Q M,ZHANG S T,et al.Geology,geochemistry and genesis of the Eocene Lailishan Sn deposit in the Sanjiang region,SW China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,137(Suppl I):220-240.
[18]ZHANG S T,XIA Q L,ZHAO P D,et al.Diversity of mineralization and spectrum of the Gejiu superlarge tin-copper polymetallic deposit,Yunnan,China[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,19(4):363-370.
[19]陈郑辉,王登红,盛继福,等.中国锡矿成矿规律概要[J].地质学报,2015,89(6):1026-1037.
[20]王臣兴,崔子良,杨伟,等.云南省锡钨矿成矿规律及资源潜力[M].北京:地质出版社,2016.
[21]成秋明,赵鹏大,张生元,等.奇异性理论在个旧锡铜矿产资源预测中的应用:综合信息集成与靶区圈定[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(2):243-252.
[22]夏庆霖,张寿庭,陈守余,等.云南个旧锡矿深部资源潜力评价的几个关键问题[J].矿物学报,2007,27(增刊):530-531.
[23]伍俊德.竹林接触带矿床地质特征及找矿预测[J].矿产与地质,2000,14(3):185-187.
[24]ZUO R G,CHENG Q M,AGTERBERG F P,et al.Evaluation of the uncertainty in estimation of metal resources of skarn tin in Southern China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2009,35(3/4):415-422.
[25]CHENG Q M,XIA Q L,LI W C,et al.Density/area power-law models for separating multi-scale anomalies of ore and toxic elements in stream sediments in Gejiu mineral district,Yunnan Province,China[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7:3019-3025.
[26]刘大文,谢学锦.基于地球化学块体概念的中国锡资源潜力评价[J].中国地质,2005,32(1):25-32.
[27]王春女,王全明,于晓飞,等.大兴安岭南段锡矿成矿特征及找矿前景[J].地质与勘探,2016,52(2):220-227.
[28]叶天竺,肖克炎,严光生.矿床模型综合地质信息预测技术研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):11-19.
[29]陈毓川,王登红,李厚民.重要矿产预测类型划分方案[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.
[2]张苺.全球锡矿资源及开发现状[J].中国金属通报,2011,32:19-21.
[3]於崇文,唐元骏,石平方,等.云南个旧锡多金属成矿区内生成矿作用的动力学体系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988.
[4]陈俊,王汝成,周建平,等.锡的地球化学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2000.
[5]罗君烈.滇西锡矿的花岗岩类及其成矿作用[J].矿床地质,1991,10(1):81-96.
[6]SCHWARTZ M.Geochemical criteria for distinguishing magmatic and metasomatic albite:enrichment in granitoidsexamples from the Ta-Li granite Yichun(China)and the Sn-W deposit Tikus(Indonesia)[J].Mineralium Deposita,1992,27:101-108.
[7]毛景文,李红艳,裴荣富.千里山花岗岩体地质地球化学及与成矿关系[J].矿床地质,1995,14(1):12-25.
[8]HONG W,COOKE D R,HUSTON D L,et al.Geochronological,geochemical and Pb isotopic compositions of Tasmanian granites(southeast Australia):controls on petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution and tin mineralisation[J].Gondwana Research,2017,46:124-140.
[9]秦德先,谈树成,范柱国,等.个旧—大厂地区地质构造演化及锡多金属成矿[J].矿物学报,2004,24(2):117-123.
[10]徐启东,夏庆霖,成秋明.云南个旧矿集区区域构造-岩浆演化与锡铜多金属成矿系统[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(2):307-313.
[11]ZHAO K D,JIANG S Y,NAKAMURA E,et al.Fluidrock interaction in the Qitianling granite and tin deposits,South China:evidence from boron and oxygen isotopes[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,43:243-248.
[12]CHEN Y X,LI H,SUN W D,et al.Generation of Late Mesozoic Qianlishan A(2)-type granite in Nanling Range,South China:implications for Shizhuyuan W-Sn mineralization and tectonic evolution[J].Lithos,2016,266:435-452.
[13]LEHMANN B,MAHAWAT C.Metallogeny of tin in central Thailand:agenetic concept[J].Geology,1989,17:426-429.
[14]SURJONO S M O.The Pemali tin deposit,Bangka,Indone-sia[J].Mineralium Deposita,1991,26:18-25.
[15]毛景文,程彦博,郭春丽,等.云南个旧锡矿田:矿床模型及若干问题讨论[J].地质学报,2008,82(11):1455-1467.
[16]桑浩,夏庆霖,赵京,等.西来利山与小龙河云英岩型锡矿成矿流体氧逸度特征对比[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(3):321-330.
[17]CAO H W,PEI Q M,ZHANG S T,et al.Geology,geochemistry and genesis of the Eocene Lailishan Sn deposit in the Sanjiang region,SW China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,137(Suppl I):220-240.
[18]ZHANG S T,XIA Q L,ZHAO P D,et al.Diversity of mineralization and spectrum of the Gejiu superlarge tin-copper polymetallic deposit,Yunnan,China[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,19(4):363-370.
[19]陈郑辉,王登红,盛继福,等.中国锡矿成矿规律概要[J].地质学报,2015,89(6):1026-1037.
[20]王臣兴,崔子良,杨伟,等.云南省锡钨矿成矿规律及资源潜力[M].北京:地质出版社,2016.
[21]成秋明,赵鹏大,张生元,等.奇异性理论在个旧锡铜矿产资源预测中的应用:综合信息集成与靶区圈定[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(2):243-252.
[22]夏庆霖,张寿庭,陈守余,等.云南个旧锡矿深部资源潜力评价的几个关键问题[J].矿物学报,2007,27(增刊):530-531.
[23]伍俊德.竹林接触带矿床地质特征及找矿预测[J].矿产与地质,2000,14(3):185-187.
[24]ZUO R G,CHENG Q M,AGTERBERG F P,et al.Evaluation of the uncertainty in estimation of metal resources of skarn tin in Southern China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2009,35(3/4):415-422.
[25]CHENG Q M,XIA Q L,LI W C,et al.Density/area power-law models for separating multi-scale anomalies of ore and toxic elements in stream sediments in Gejiu mineral district,Yunnan Province,China[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7:3019-3025.
[26]刘大文,谢学锦.基于地球化学块体概念的中国锡资源潜力评价[J].中国地质,2005,32(1):25-32.
[27]王春女,王全明,于晓飞,等.大兴安岭南段锡矿成矿特征及找矿前景[J].地质与勘探,2016,52(2):220-227.
[28]叶天竺,肖克炎,严光生.矿床模型综合地质信息预测技术研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):11-19.
[29]陈毓川,王登红,李厚民.重要矿产预测类型划分方案[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.