四川甲基卡锂矿床花岗岩体中云母类矿物的元素组成对矿区成矿条件的指示
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摘要
四川康定甲基卡超大型锂矿是我国最大的硬岩型锂矿床,矿区中南部呈岩株状出露的二云母花岗岩常被认为是伟晶岩的"成矿母岩",对其开展系统的矿物学特征研究,对探讨矿区稀有金属的成矿条件和矿化潜力具有重要意义.本次研究在系统的野外地质调查的基础上,运用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)获得了甲基卡二云母花岗岩中云母的主、微量成分.分析结果表明,二云母花岗岩中黑云母为原生黑云母,具有富Al、Fe,贫Mg的物质组成特征,类型为铁叶云母(但接近黑鳞云母);白云母与黑云母呈交生状反应关系,综合岩石学宏观特征、地球化学特征、岩相学特征,其属于原生白云母,具有富Al,贫Fe、Mg的特征,为纯白云母.利用黑云母全铝压力计和钛含量温度计的计算表明,黑云母的结晶压力约变化于430～560 MPa,平均为480 MPa,结晶温度约变化于480～550?C,平均为520?C.黑云母化学成分显示岩浆氧逸度变化于10-17～10-18,形成于氧逸度较低的还原环境,且自南向北岩体氧逸度有增高的趋势.此外,云母主、微量化学成分研究还表明,岩体中稀有金属元素主要赋存于云母中,以黑云母中为最高.黑云母中稀有元素含量变化与岩体结晶分异程度密切相关,利用黑云母的化学成分判定二云母花岗岩属S型花岗岩,其形成主要与壳源岩浆有关.通过对二云母花岗岩中云母类矿物的元素组成研究,指出岩体形成于高压、还原环境,这对于甲基卡矿区稀有金属找矿方向具有重要意义.
Jiajika super large lithium deposit is one of the most important lithium resources in China. The two-mica granite located in the southern of ore field is always regarded as mother rock of pegmatites. Systematical mineralogy study of the granite can not only provide basic data for mechanism of rare metals, but also has important meaning to the potential mineralization of rare metals. Based on systematical field work, the major and trace element compositions of micas from Jiajika two-mica granite were obtained by electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) and laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS), showing that the biotites are magmatic biotites. The biotites are extremely rich in Al and Fe, but poor in Mg. The biotites from Jiajika two-mica granite belong to siderophyllites(but close to protolithionite). Although muscovites from Jiajika two-mica granite show metasomatic reaction with biotites, they should still be regarded as magmatic muscovites after combining macroscopic characteristics of petrology, characteristics of chemistry and characteristics of petrographic. Muscovites are extremely rich in Al, poor in Fe and Mg. The muscovites from Jiajika two-mica granite belong to pure muscovites. According to test data, we make use of total-aluminium geobarmeter and titanium content geothermometry to calculate pressure and temperature of rock formation. The results show that the emplacement pressure varies from 430 MPa to 560 MPa, with the average pressure of 480 MPa;the crystallization temperature varies from 480?C to 550?C, with the average temperature of 520?C. The calculated result of Si geobarmeter of muscovite is almost the same with that of biotite. In addition, according to the chemical compositions of biotite, the oxygen fugacity of magma-hydrothermal system ranges from 10-17 to 10-18. The results also show that the oxygen fugacity increases from south to north. The study of major and trace element compositions of micas from Jiajika two-mica granite shows that rare metal elements are mainly hosted in micas. The content of rare metal elements in biotites is the highest. The geochemical analysis of biotites also shows that Jiajika two-mica granite belong to peraluminum S-type granite, and its formation is mainly related to the crustal magma.From the above, the study of composition of micas from two-mica granite suggests that the granite was formed in high pressure and oxygen-free environment. It provides significant instructions to prospecting of rare metals in Jiajika orefield.
Jiajika super large lithium deposit is one of the most important lithium resources in China. The two-mica granite located in the southern of ore field is always regarded as mother rock of pegmatites. Systematical mineralogy study of the granite can not only provide basic data for mechanism of rare metals, but also has important meaning to the potential mineralization of rare metals. Based on systematical field work, the major and trace element compositions of micas from Jiajika two-mica granite were obtained by electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) and laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS), showing that the biotites are magmatic biotites. The biotites are extremely rich in Al and Fe, but poor in Mg. The biotites from Jiajika two-mica granite belong to siderophyllites(but close to protolithionite). Although muscovites from Jiajika two-mica granite show metasomatic reaction with biotites, they should still be regarded as magmatic muscovites after combining macroscopic characteristics of petrology, characteristics of chemistry and characteristics of petrographic. Muscovites are extremely rich in Al, poor in Fe and Mg. The muscovites from Jiajika two-mica granite belong to pure muscovites. According to test data, we make use of total-aluminium geobarmeter and titanium content geothermometry to calculate pressure and temperature of rock formation. The results show that the emplacement pressure varies from 430 MPa to 560 MPa, with the average pressure of 480 MPa;the crystallization temperature varies from 480?C to 550?C, with the average temperature of 520?C. The calculated result of Si geobarmeter of muscovite is almost the same with that of biotite. In addition, according to the chemical compositions of biotite, the oxygen fugacity of magma-hydrothermal system ranges from 10-17 to 10-18. The results also show that the oxygen fugacity increases from south to north. The study of major and trace element compositions of micas from Jiajika two-mica granite shows that rare metal elements are mainly hosted in micas. The content of rare metal elements in biotites is the highest. The geochemical analysis of biotites also shows that Jiajika two-mica granite belong to peraluminum S-type granite, and its formation is mainly related to the crustal magma.From the above, the study of composition of micas from two-mica granite suggests that the granite was formed in high pressure and oxygen-free environment. It provides significant instructions to prospecting of rare metals in Jiajika orefield.
引文
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