含铷、铯锂云母矿的复合盐焙烧-浸出性能及机理
|
摘要
锂被称为21世纪的战略金属,而锂云母矿是目前提锂的主要锂矿物之一。本文章对含铷、铯的锂云母矿进行了多种焙烧方式探索,研究表明,硫酸盐焙烧法对锂浸出效果明显,硫酸钠+硫酸钙组合对锂的浸出率为92.53%,氯盐焙烧法对铷、铯的浸出效果优异,氯化钠+氯化钙组合其铷、铯浸出率分别为96.13%,94.86%。进一步试验表明,焙烧添加剂中Na~+对锂的浸出有积极效果,Ca~(2+)对铷、铯的浸出有提升作用。综合试验结果,以SC21(碱金属盐混合物)为焙烧添加剂,锂云母矿:SC21(质量比)=1:0.7,焙烧温度为880℃,焙烧时间为45 min,此时锂、铷、铯的浸出率分别为:94.52%,92.03%及93.56%。
Lithium is called the 21 st century's strategic metal, and lepidolite is currently one of the major lithium minerals to extract lithium. Various roasting processes on lepidolite were investigated. The results showed that sulphate roasting-water leaching brings about a striking effect on lithium extraction. The lithium extraction efficiency of 92.53% could be reached by Na2 SO4+ CaSO4 roasting. Chloride roasting-water leaching was very effective to rubidium and cesium extraction and the leaching efficiencies were 96.13% and94.86% respectively. Further tests showed that Na+ of roasting agent could bring positive effect on lithium extraction while Ca~(2+) could improve the leaching efficiency of rubidium and cesium. Based on all the results from the tests concerned, the extraction of lithium, rubidium and cesium reached peak values of 94.52%,92.03 and 93.56% respectively by roasting with SC21(alkali metal salt mixture) under the optimal conditions with the mass ratio of lepidolite to roasting agent of 1:0.7, roasting temperature of 880℃, and roasting time of 45 min.
Lithium is called the 21 st century's strategic metal, and lepidolite is currently one of the major lithium minerals to extract lithium. Various roasting processes on lepidolite were investigated. The results showed that sulphate roasting-water leaching brings about a striking effect on lithium extraction. The lithium extraction efficiency of 92.53% could be reached by Na2 SO4+ CaSO4 roasting. Chloride roasting-water leaching was very effective to rubidium and cesium extraction and the leaching efficiencies were 96.13% and94.86% respectively. Further tests showed that Na+ of roasting agent could bring positive effect on lithium extraction while Ca~(2+) could improve the leaching efficiency of rubidium and cesium. Based on all the results from the tests concerned, the extraction of lithium, rubidium and cesium reached peak values of 94.52%,92.03 and 93.56% respectively by roasting with SC21(alkali metal salt mixture) under the optimal conditions with the mass ratio of lepidolite to roasting agent of 1:0.7, roasting temperature of 880℃, and roasting time of 45 min.
引文
[1]Zhu C,Dong Y,Yun Z,et al.Study of lithium exploitation from carbonate subtype and sulfate type salt-lakes of Tibet[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,149:143-147.
[2]纪志永,焦朋朋,袁俊生,等.锂资源的开发利用现状与发展分析[J].轻金属,2013(5):1-5.
[3]Brandt F,Haus R.New concepts for lithium minerals processing[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(8):659-661.
[4]Ebensperger A,Maxwell P,Moscoso C.The lithium industry:Its recent evolution and future prospects[J].Resources Policy,2005,30(3):218-231.
[5]单志强.广西栗木矿区多金属尾矿中铷资源回收工艺研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.
[6]张周位,黄苑龄,陈丽荣.某铷矿综合回收试验[J].现代矿业,2015(1):88-90.
[7]高照国,曹耀华,王威,等.某铷矿浸出工艺研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2014(4):26-28.
[8]孙友润.锂云母-石灰石法烧成工艺较佳条件的选择[J].稀有金属,1984(5):13-17.
[9]谢林保.石灰石质量对锂云母-石灰石法的影响及控制[J].稀有金属,1996(5):338-342.
[10]Hien-Dinh T T,Luong V T,GieréR,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite via iron sulphide roasting and water leaching[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,153:154-159.
[11]Yan Q,Li X,Wang Z,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite by sulfation roasting and water leaching[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012(s)110-111:1-5.
[12]王文祥,黄际芬,刘志宏.宜春锂云母压煮溶出新工艺研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2001(5):19-21.
[13]Chen Y,Tian Q,Chen B,et al.Preparation of lithium carbonate from spodumene by a sodium carbonate autoclave process[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,109(1-2):43-46.
[14]陈亚,廖婷,陈白珍,等.纯碱压煮法从锂辉石中提取锂的研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2011(9):21-23.
[15]陈德遐,黎先财,郭辉瑞,等.硫酸浸取锂云母后Rb^+和Cs^+的富集与分离[J].离子交换与吸附,2013(1):43-50.
[16]Guo X,Li D,Park K H,et al.Leaching behavior of metals from a limonitic nickel laterite using a sulfation-roastingleaching process[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,99(3-4):144-150.
[17]曹耀华,高照国,王守敬,等.从某难选铷矿石中提取铷[J].金属矿山,2015,V44(12):83-87.
[18]Yan Q X,Xin-Hai L I,Wang Z X,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite using chlorination roasting-water leaching process[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(7):1753-1759.
[2]纪志永,焦朋朋,袁俊生,等.锂资源的开发利用现状与发展分析[J].轻金属,2013(5):1-5.
[3]Brandt F,Haus R.New concepts for lithium minerals processing[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(8):659-661.
[4]Ebensperger A,Maxwell P,Moscoso C.The lithium industry:Its recent evolution and future prospects[J].Resources Policy,2005,30(3):218-231.
[5]单志强.广西栗木矿区多金属尾矿中铷资源回收工艺研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.
[6]张周位,黄苑龄,陈丽荣.某铷矿综合回收试验[J].现代矿业,2015(1):88-90.
[7]高照国,曹耀华,王威,等.某铷矿浸出工艺研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2014(4):26-28.
[8]孙友润.锂云母-石灰石法烧成工艺较佳条件的选择[J].稀有金属,1984(5):13-17.
[9]谢林保.石灰石质量对锂云母-石灰石法的影响及控制[J].稀有金属,1996(5):338-342.
[10]Hien-Dinh T T,Luong V T,GieréR,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite via iron sulphide roasting and water leaching[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,153:154-159.
[11]Yan Q,Li X,Wang Z,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite by sulfation roasting and water leaching[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012(s)110-111:1-5.
[12]王文祥,黄际芬,刘志宏.宜春锂云母压煮溶出新工艺研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2001(5):19-21.
[13]Chen Y,Tian Q,Chen B,et al.Preparation of lithium carbonate from spodumene by a sodium carbonate autoclave process[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,109(1-2):43-46.
[14]陈亚,廖婷,陈白珍,等.纯碱压煮法从锂辉石中提取锂的研究[J].有色金属:冶炼部分,2011(9):21-23.
[15]陈德遐,黎先财,郭辉瑞,等.硫酸浸取锂云母后Rb^+和Cs^+的富集与分离[J].离子交换与吸附,2013(1):43-50.
[16]Guo X,Li D,Park K H,et al.Leaching behavior of metals from a limonitic nickel laterite using a sulfation-roastingleaching process[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,99(3-4):144-150.
[17]曹耀华,高照国,王守敬,等.从某难选铷矿石中提取铷[J].金属矿山,2015,V44(12):83-87.
[18]Yan Q X,Xin-Hai L I,Wang Z X,et al.Extraction of lithium from lepidolite using chlorination roasting-water leaching process[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(7):1753-1759.