金川镍渣的工艺矿物性质分析
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摘要
采用化学分析、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等方法,研究了金川镍渣的粒度组成、可磨性、化学组成、矿物组成、结构、主要有价成分Ni、Cu、Fe的元素分布等工艺矿物学性质。结果表明,该镍渣粒度主要集中在1~5 mm,渣的相对可磨度系数K镍渣=0.31,相对标样黄铁矿比较难磨。镍渣主要由铁氧化物、硅氧化物、镁和钙的氧化物组成,其它成分含量较少,属于碱性渣。与一般镍渣相比,渣中Fe含量较低,Mg含量较高,有价金属Ni的损失偏高。镍渣中主要矿相成分是铁镁橄榄石和非晶质玻璃质,并含少量的铜镍铁硫化物、辉铜矿、磁铁矿等。铁镁橄榄石主要呈柱状晶体沿一定方向排列,部分橄榄石形状不规则,非晶质玻璃质则充填在橄榄石间。该渣主要为固溶体分离结构,微细粒的金属硫化物无规律地分布于硅酸盐基质中,有用矿物的单体解离比较困难。Fe主要存在于铁镁橄榄石中,Ni和Cu主要分布于铜镍铁硫化物中。
By means of chemical composition analysis, XRD, optical microscope, SEM-EDS and other measurements, the process mineralogy of Jinchuan nickel slag are studied, include grain-size composition, grindability, chemical composition, mineral composition, structure, the metals distribution of Fe Ni Cu. The result shows that the particle size of the slag have focused on 1 to 5 mm, the relative grindability coefficient of the slag K =0.31,that make it less grindable than the pyrite. Iron oxide, silica oxide, magnesium and calcium oxides are the main components of the slag, the other substances are little, the slag belong to alkali. Compared with other nickel slag,it has relatively low iron, higher magnesium, and there is much more nickel lost. The phase composition of the slag include forsterite and glass, a few Cu-Ni sulphide, chalcocite and magnetite...etc. Most forsterite present as styloid and arranged along a certain direction, the other forsterite present irregular shapes, the glass filled in it. The main structure of the slag is solid rong body separation. The fine metal sulfide particles distribute in silicate irregularly, the liberation degree of the valuable mineral is difficult. The irons are mainly located in the forsterite, nickel and copper are mainly located in the cu-ni sulphide.
By means of chemical composition analysis, XRD, optical microscope, SEM-EDS and other measurements, the process mineralogy of Jinchuan nickel slag are studied, include grain-size composition, grindability, chemical composition, mineral composition, structure, the metals distribution of Fe Ni Cu. The result shows that the particle size of the slag have focused on 1 to 5 mm, the relative grindability coefficient of the slag K =0.31,that make it less grindable than the pyrite. Iron oxide, silica oxide, magnesium and calcium oxides are the main components of the slag, the other substances are little, the slag belong to alkali. Compared with other nickel slag,it has relatively low iron, higher magnesium, and there is much more nickel lost. The phase composition of the slag include forsterite and glass, a few Cu-Ni sulphide, chalcocite and magnetite...etc. Most forsterite present as styloid and arranged along a certain direction, the other forsterite present irregular shapes, the glass filled in it. The main structure of the slag is solid rong body separation. The fine metal sulfide particles distribute in silicate irregularly, the liberation degree of the valuable mineral is difficult. The irons are mainly located in the forsterite, nickel and copper are mainly located in the cu-ni sulphide.
引文
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[2]曹战民,孙根生,K.Richter,等.金川镍闪速熔炼渣的物相与铜镍分布[J].北京科技大学学报,2001,23(4):316-320.
[3]Abraham Rozendaal,Richard Horn.Textural,mineralogical and chemical characteristics of copper reverb furnace smelter slag of the Okiep Copper District,South Africa[J].Minerals Engineering,2013,(52):184-190.
[4]喻正军.从镍转炉渣中回收钴镍铜的理论与技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.
[5]倪文,贾岩,郑斐,等.金川镍弃渣铁资源回收综合利用[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(8):975-980.
[6]何焕华.中国镍钴冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.
[7]马松勃,韩跃新.煤基还原法从镍冶炼渣中提取有价金属的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):305-308.
[8]邓彤,刘东.铜渣浸出中镍的浸出行为研究[J].稀有金属,2000,24(2):81-84.