珠江口盆地中新统珠江组强制海退沉积层序与有利砂体分布
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摘要
针对珠江口盆地中新统珠江组强制海退体系域沉积层序特征认识不足、层序归属不合理等问题,综合利用高分辨率三维地震、岩心和测井数据,采用层序地层学、地震沉积学和石油地质学的相关理论和分析方法,在对强制海退形成机理进行分析的基础上对该体系域的沉积层序特征、演化模式和有利砂体分布进行了探讨分析,指出该体系域顶界面具有明显的顶超侵蚀特征,应归属于SQ1层序的最后一个体系域,并总结了该体系域的沉积层序演化模式。结果表明:强制海退体系域具有退覆式的高角度斜交型前积反射结构,表现为陆架边缘三角洲的沉积特征,钻测井资料显示为多个具反旋回的前三角洲泥、远砂坝、河口砂坝与水下分流河道的组合沉积;强制海退体系域钻井岩心中发育陆坡区常见的生物扰动、泥质条带变形和滑塌、滑动现象,其前端下倾方向发育具强振幅反射结构的浊积扇沉积;强制海退体系域有利储集砂体位于该体系域顶界面和底界面附近,分别为陆架边缘三角洲前缘砂体和浊积扇砂体,是实现岩性油气藏勘探突破的重要方向。
Insufficient understanding in the characteristics of sedimentary sequences of the falling stage system tracts and unreasonable sequence division have hampered the breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in the Zhujiang Formation of Pearl River Mouth Basin. In this study,characteristics of the sedimentary sequence,evolution model and favorable sand body distribution in the falling stage system tracts of the Zhujiang Formation were investigated regarding the formation mechanism of forced regression. Guided by the concepts and methods of sequence stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology,and petroleum geology,comprehensive analyses of the high-resolution 3 D seismic,core and logging data were conducted. Based on obvious toplap( erosion) geometries against the upper boundary,the falling stage system tracts should be attributed to the last system tract of the SQ1 sequence. The evolution model of the sedimentary sequence of the falling stage system tracts has also been summarized. The characteristics of the falling stage system tracts in seismic reflection show high angle oblique progradation and offlapping stratal stacking patterns,typical of shelf-edge deltas. The drilling and logging data show many reverse cycles consisting of delta front mud,distal bar,mouth bar and underwater distributary channel in the falling stage systems tract. The bioturbation,muddy strip deformation,slide and slump features,typical of slope areas,are commonly present in the cores of the falling stage system tracts. The turbidite fan with strong amplitude reflection structure is developed in the downdip direction of the falling stage system tracts. The favorable reservoirs include sand bodies of the shelf-edge delta front located close to the upper boundary of the falling stage system tracts and the sand bodies of the turbidite fan located close to the basal surface of forced regression,which are important exploration breakthroughs of lithologic reservoirs.
Insufficient understanding in the characteristics of sedimentary sequences of the falling stage system tracts and unreasonable sequence division have hampered the breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in the Zhujiang Formation of Pearl River Mouth Basin. In this study,characteristics of the sedimentary sequence,evolution model and favorable sand body distribution in the falling stage system tracts of the Zhujiang Formation were investigated regarding the formation mechanism of forced regression. Guided by the concepts and methods of sequence stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology,and petroleum geology,comprehensive analyses of the high-resolution 3 D seismic,core and logging data were conducted. Based on obvious toplap( erosion) geometries against the upper boundary,the falling stage system tracts should be attributed to the last system tract of the SQ1 sequence. The evolution model of the sedimentary sequence of the falling stage system tracts has also been summarized. The characteristics of the falling stage system tracts in seismic reflection show high angle oblique progradation and offlapping stratal stacking patterns,typical of shelf-edge deltas. The drilling and logging data show many reverse cycles consisting of delta front mud,distal bar,mouth bar and underwater distributary channel in the falling stage systems tract. The bioturbation,muddy strip deformation,slide and slump features,typical of slope areas,are commonly present in the cores of the falling stage system tracts. The turbidite fan with strong amplitude reflection structure is developed in the downdip direction of the falling stage system tracts. The favorable reservoirs include sand bodies of the shelf-edge delta front located close to the upper boundary of the falling stage system tracts and the sand bodies of the turbidite fan located close to the basal surface of forced regression,which are important exploration breakthroughs of lithologic reservoirs.
引文
陈维涛,施和生,杜家元,何敏.2016.珠江口盆地陆架坡折区地层岩性圈闭形成条件及发育模式:以珠江组地层为例.石油实验地质,38(5):619-627.[Chen W T,Shi H S,Du J Y,He M.2016.Formation conditions and development model of stratigraphic-lithologic traps in shelf break zone,Pearl River Mouth Basin:Zhujiang Formation as an example.Petroleum Geology and Experiment,38(5):619-627]
丁琳,张昌民,杜家元,施和生,罗明,王湘蜀,贾培蒙.2014.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷珠江组K系列陆架砂脊沉积演化与成因.石油与天然气地质,35(3):379-385.[Ding L,Zhang C M,Du J Y,Shi H S,Lu M,Wang X S,Jia P M.2014.Depositional evolution and genesis of K set of shelf sand ridges in the Zhujiang Formation of Huizhou sag,Pear River Mouth Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,35(3):379-385]
胡立忠,张中欣.2010.强制性海退沉积物与油气分布.延安大学学报(自然科学版),29(4):76-89.[Hu L Z,Zhang Z X.2010.Forced regressive sedimentary and the distribution of oil and gas.Journal of Yanan U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),29(4):76-79]
柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,刘军,连世勇,何敏,申俊.2011.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世-中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义.石油学报,32(2):234-242.[Liu B J,Pang X,Yan C Z,Liu J,Lian S Y,He M,Shen J.2011.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(2):234-242]
李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,朱锐,罗明,施和生,杜家元.2012.珠江口盆地新近系层序划分与发育模式.石油天然气学报,34(4):47-51.[Li X Y,Zhang C M,Zhang S F,Zhu R,Luo M,Shi H S,Du JY.2012.Neogene sequence subdivision and its development pattern in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,34(4):47-51]
梅冥相,杨欣德.2000.强迫型海退及强迫型海退楔体系域:对传统Exxon层序地层学模式的修正.地质科技情报,19(2):17-21.[Mei M X,Yang X D.2000.Forced regression and forced regressive wedge system tract:Revision on traditional Exxon model of sequence stratigraphy.Geological Science and Technology Information,19(2):17-21]
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,王成善,朱明,何敏,申俊,连世勇,吴湘杰.2007.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地球论评,53(2):145-151.[Pang X,Chen C M,Shao L,Wang C S,Zhu M,He M,Shen J,Lian S Y,Wu X J.2007.Baiyun Movement,a great tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the Northern South China Sea and its implications.Geological Review,53(2):145-151]
秦成岗,施和生,张忠涛,高鹏,徐徽,屈亮,刘道理.2011.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡SQ21.0层序陆架坡折带沉积特征及油气勘探潜力.中国海上油气,23(1):14-18.[Qin C G,Shi H S,Zhang Z T,Gao P,Xu H,Qu L,Liu D L.2011.Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration potential along the SQ21.0 sequence shelf-break zone on Panyu low-uplift and the north slop of Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,23(1):14-18]
吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺.2010.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世-中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,35(4):681-690.[Wu J F,XU Q,Zhu Y H.2010.Generation and evolution of the shelf-edge delta in Oligocene and Miocene of Baiyun Sag in the South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(4):681-690]
徐强,王英民,吕明,王丹,李冬,王永凤.2011.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义:以南海白云凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,32(5):733-742.[Xu Q,Wang Y M,LüM,Wang D,Li D,Wang Y F.2011.Identification of the shelf margin delta in sequence stratigraphic frameworks and its significance:A case study of the Baiyun Sag,South China Sea.Oil&Gas Geology,32(5):733-742]
徐少华,王英民,何敏,杜家元,陈维涛,秦春雨,王利良.2016.强制海退体系域的识别特征与成因分析.中南大学学报(自然科学版),47(2):531-540.[Xu S H,Wang Y M,He M,Du J Y,Chen W T,Qin C Y,Wang L L.2016.Recognition criteria and genesis of falling stage systems tract.Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),47(2):531-540]
易雪斐,张昌民,李少华,杜家元.2012.珠江口盆地NSQ2陆架边缘三角洲的识别标志及沉积模式.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),39(3):257-261.[Yi X F,Zhang C M,Li S H,Du J Y.2012.Identification marks and depositional models of the shelf-margin delta from NSQ2 of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),39(3):257-261]
易雪斐,张昌民,李少华,杜家元,罗明,李向阳.2014.珠江口盆地21 Ma和13.8 Ma陆架边缘三角洲对比.石油与天然气地质,35(5):670-678.[Yi X F,Zhang C M,Li S H,Du J Y,Luo M,Li X Y.2012.Comparison between shelf-margin delta of 21 Ma and 13.8 Ma in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,35(5):670-678]
邹妞妞,张大权,龙国辉,张顺存,鲁新川,姜华,史基安.2015.柴达木盆地北缘第三系沉积体系演化模式.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),42(2):149-158.[Zou N N,Zhang D Q,Long G H,Zhang S C,Lu X C,Jiang H,Shi J A.2015.Sedimentary system evolution of Tertiary reservoirs in northern Qaidam Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),42(2):149-158]
祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,吴景富.2011.珠江口盆地13.8 Ma陆架边缘三角洲与陆坡深水扇的“源-汇”关系.中南大学学报(自然科学版),42(12):3827-3834.[Zhu Y H,Zhu W L,Xu Q,Wu J F.2011.Sedimentary response to shelf-edge delta and slope deep-water fan in 13.8 Ma of Miocene epoch in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Central South University(Ssience and Technology),42(512):3827-3834]
Catuneanu O.2002.Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems:Concepts,merits,and pitfalls.Journal of African Earth Sciences,35(1):1-43.
Catuneanu O.2006.Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1-343.
Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.1988.Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change.In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G,Posamentier H W,Ross C A,Wagoner Wagoner JC(eds).Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.SEPM Special Publication,42:71-108.
Hunt D,Tucker M E.1992.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall.Sedimentary Geology,81:1-9.
Hunt D,Tucker M E.1995.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall-reply.Sedimentary Geology,95(1):147-160.
Plint A G,Nummedal D.2000.The falling stage systems tract:Recognition and importance in sequence-stratigraphic analysis.In:Hunt D,Gawthorpe R L(eds).Sedimentary Responses to Forced Regressions.Geological Society of London Special Publications,172(1):1-17.
Posamentier H W,Allen G P,James D P,Tesson M.1992.Forced regressions in a sequence stratigraphic framework:Concepts,examples,and exploration significance.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,76:1687-1709.
Wagoner J C,Posamentier H W,Mitchum R M J,Vail P R,Sarg J F,Loutit T S,Hardenbol J.1988.An overview of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions.In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G,Posamentier H W,Ross C A,Wagoner Wagoner J C(eds).Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.SEPM Special Publication,42:39-45.
丁琳,张昌民,杜家元,施和生,罗明,王湘蜀,贾培蒙.2014.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷珠江组K系列陆架砂脊沉积演化与成因.石油与天然气地质,35(3):379-385.[Ding L,Zhang C M,Du J Y,Shi H S,Lu M,Wang X S,Jia P M.2014.Depositional evolution and genesis of K set of shelf sand ridges in the Zhujiang Formation of Huizhou sag,Pear River Mouth Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,35(3):379-385]
胡立忠,张中欣.2010.强制性海退沉积物与油气分布.延安大学学报(自然科学版),29(4):76-89.[Hu L Z,Zhang Z X.2010.Forced regressive sedimentary and the distribution of oil and gas.Journal of Yanan U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),29(4):76-79]
柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,刘军,连世勇,何敏,申俊.2011.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世-中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义.石油学报,32(2):234-242.[Liu B J,Pang X,Yan C Z,Liu J,Lian S Y,He M,Shen J.2011.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(2):234-242]
李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,朱锐,罗明,施和生,杜家元.2012.珠江口盆地新近系层序划分与发育模式.石油天然气学报,34(4):47-51.[Li X Y,Zhang C M,Zhang S F,Zhu R,Luo M,Shi H S,Du JY.2012.Neogene sequence subdivision and its development pattern in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,34(4):47-51]
梅冥相,杨欣德.2000.强迫型海退及强迫型海退楔体系域:对传统Exxon层序地层学模式的修正.地质科技情报,19(2):17-21.[Mei M X,Yang X D.2000.Forced regression and forced regressive wedge system tract:Revision on traditional Exxon model of sequence stratigraphy.Geological Science and Technology Information,19(2):17-21]
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,王成善,朱明,何敏,申俊,连世勇,吴湘杰.2007.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地球论评,53(2):145-151.[Pang X,Chen C M,Shao L,Wang C S,Zhu M,He M,Shen J,Lian S Y,Wu X J.2007.Baiyun Movement,a great tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the Northern South China Sea and its implications.Geological Review,53(2):145-151]
秦成岗,施和生,张忠涛,高鹏,徐徽,屈亮,刘道理.2011.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡SQ21.0层序陆架坡折带沉积特征及油气勘探潜力.中国海上油气,23(1):14-18.[Qin C G,Shi H S,Zhang Z T,Gao P,Xu H,Qu L,Liu D L.2011.Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration potential along the SQ21.0 sequence shelf-break zone on Panyu low-uplift and the north slop of Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,23(1):14-18]
吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺.2010.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世-中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,35(4):681-690.[Wu J F,XU Q,Zhu Y H.2010.Generation and evolution of the shelf-edge delta in Oligocene and Miocene of Baiyun Sag in the South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(4):681-690]
徐强,王英民,吕明,王丹,李冬,王永凤.2011.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义:以南海白云凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,32(5):733-742.[Xu Q,Wang Y M,LüM,Wang D,Li D,Wang Y F.2011.Identification of the shelf margin delta in sequence stratigraphic frameworks and its significance:A case study of the Baiyun Sag,South China Sea.Oil&Gas Geology,32(5):733-742]
徐少华,王英民,何敏,杜家元,陈维涛,秦春雨,王利良.2016.强制海退体系域的识别特征与成因分析.中南大学学报(自然科学版),47(2):531-540.[Xu S H,Wang Y M,He M,Du J Y,Chen W T,Qin C Y,Wang L L.2016.Recognition criteria and genesis of falling stage systems tract.Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),47(2):531-540]
易雪斐,张昌民,李少华,杜家元.2012.珠江口盆地NSQ2陆架边缘三角洲的识别标志及沉积模式.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),39(3):257-261.[Yi X F,Zhang C M,Li S H,Du J Y.2012.Identification marks and depositional models of the shelf-margin delta from NSQ2 of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),39(3):257-261]
易雪斐,张昌民,李少华,杜家元,罗明,李向阳.2014.珠江口盆地21 Ma和13.8 Ma陆架边缘三角洲对比.石油与天然气地质,35(5):670-678.[Yi X F,Zhang C M,Li S H,Du J Y,Luo M,Li X Y.2012.Comparison between shelf-margin delta of 21 Ma and 13.8 Ma in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,35(5):670-678]
邹妞妞,张大权,龙国辉,张顺存,鲁新川,姜华,史基安.2015.柴达木盆地北缘第三系沉积体系演化模式.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),42(2):149-158.[Zou N N,Zhang D Q,Long G H,Zhang S C,Lu X C,Jiang H,Shi J A.2015.Sedimentary system evolution of Tertiary reservoirs in northern Qaidam Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),42(2):149-158]
祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,吴景富.2011.珠江口盆地13.8 Ma陆架边缘三角洲与陆坡深水扇的“源-汇”关系.中南大学学报(自然科学版),42(12):3827-3834.[Zhu Y H,Zhu W L,Xu Q,Wu J F.2011.Sedimentary response to shelf-edge delta and slope deep-water fan in 13.8 Ma of Miocene epoch in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Central South University(Ssience and Technology),42(512):3827-3834]
Catuneanu O.2002.Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems:Concepts,merits,and pitfalls.Journal of African Earth Sciences,35(1):1-43.
Catuneanu O.2006.Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1-343.
Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.1988.Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change.In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G,Posamentier H W,Ross C A,Wagoner Wagoner JC(eds).Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.SEPM Special Publication,42:71-108.
Hunt D,Tucker M E.1992.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall.Sedimentary Geology,81:1-9.
Hunt D,Tucker M E.1995.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall-reply.Sedimentary Geology,95(1):147-160.
Plint A G,Nummedal D.2000.The falling stage systems tract:Recognition and importance in sequence-stratigraphic analysis.In:Hunt D,Gawthorpe R L(eds).Sedimentary Responses to Forced Regressions.Geological Society of London Special Publications,172(1):1-17.
Posamentier H W,Allen G P,James D P,Tesson M.1992.Forced regressions in a sequence stratigraphic framework:Concepts,examples,and exploration significance.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,76:1687-1709.
Wagoner J C,Posamentier H W,Mitchum R M J,Vail P R,Sarg J F,Loutit T S,Hardenbol J.1988.An overview of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions.In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G,Posamentier H W,Ross C A,Wagoner Wagoner J C(eds).Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.SEPM Special Publication,42:39-45.