川西晚侏罗世前陆盆地浅水三角洲砂体分布特征与叠置模式
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摘要
基于高精度层序地层学理论,综合利用地震、测录井、岩心和分析化验等地质资料,阐明了发育在湖平面频繁变化背景下浅水三角洲的沉积特征,总结了砂体垂向叠置关系和平面分布规律,最后建立了浅水三角洲砂体叠置模式。研究结果表明:(1)分支河道和河口坝-滩坝叠覆体是蓬莱镇组浅水三角洲的主要成因砂体类型,平面上,分支河道呈树枝状,顺着物源方向展布,河口坝—滩坝叠覆体呈条带状,平行于岸线分布,纵向上,不同成因类型砂体相互叠置形成多种"复合砂体"类型。(2)从上游到下游,由于地形逐渐平缓,河流能量逐渐减弱,浅水三角洲分支河道的宽度和深度逐渐减小;低频的湖平面升降控制着浅水三角洲的进积和退积,高频的湖平面升降控制着浅水三角洲不同成因类型砂体的分布规律与叠置样式。(3)建立了川西晚侏罗世前陆盆地浅水三角洲沉积演化和4种砂体叠置模式,分别为低可容空间河道叠置、坝上河、高可容空间河道叠置和河口坝叠置。
This study analyzed the sedimentary characteristics of shallow water deltic sand bodies grown with frequent changes of lake level,summarized their vertical superimposition relationship and areal distribution,and finally established their superimposition pattern,based on the theory of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,combined with a dataset consisting of seismic,logging,core and experiment data. Through analysis,we found that:(1) distributary channels(CHs)and mouth bar-beach bar complexes are the main sand body types of the shallow water deltas in the Penglaizhen Formation. In the plan view,the distributary channels are mainly branch-shaped,distributing along the source direction,and MBCs are strip-shaped,parallel to the bank line; while vertically,sand bodies of different genetic types are superimposed into various types of composite sand bodies.(2) As relief reduces gradually from the tectonically active margin to the basin,the stream energy decreases linearly with the gradient descent of the river system. Accordingly,the width and depth of the distributary channels of the shallow water delta decrease downwards. The low frequency lake level fluctuation controls the progradation and retrogradation of shallow water delta,whereas the change of high frequency lake levels determines the distribution and superimposition patterns of sand bodies of different genetic types.(3) The sedimentation evolution model of the Late Jurassic shallow water deltas in the foreland basin of Western Sichuan Depression was established,and four types of superimposition patterns for sand bodies there were classified,including superimposed low-accommodation channels,rivers over bar,superimposed high-accommodation channels and superimposed mouth bars.
This study analyzed the sedimentary characteristics of shallow water deltic sand bodies grown with frequent changes of lake level,summarized their vertical superimposition relationship and areal distribution,and finally established their superimposition pattern,based on the theory of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,combined with a dataset consisting of seismic,logging,core and experiment data. Through analysis,we found that:(1) distributary channels(CHs)and mouth bar-beach bar complexes are the main sand body types of the shallow water deltas in the Penglaizhen Formation. In the plan view,the distributary channels are mainly branch-shaped,distributing along the source direction,and MBCs are strip-shaped,parallel to the bank line; while vertically,sand bodies of different genetic types are superimposed into various types of composite sand bodies.(2) As relief reduces gradually from the tectonically active margin to the basin,the stream energy decreases linearly with the gradient descent of the river system. Accordingly,the width and depth of the distributary channels of the shallow water delta decrease downwards. The low frequency lake level fluctuation controls the progradation and retrogradation of shallow water delta,whereas the change of high frequency lake levels determines the distribution and superimposition patterns of sand bodies of different genetic types.(3) The sedimentation evolution model of the Late Jurassic shallow water deltas in the foreland basin of Western Sichuan Depression was established,and four types of superimposition patterns for sand bodies there were classified,including superimposed low-accommodation channels,rivers over bar,superimposed high-accommodation channels and superimposed mouth bars.
引文
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