河流相储层复合砂体构型概念体系、表征方法及其在渤海油田开发中的应用探索
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摘要
海上油田开发具有大井距、稀井网的特点,以往陆上油田"井-震结合、以井为主"的精细储层研究思路已不适用。提出了河流相储层复合砂体的概念,即复合砂体为某一段地质时间内由若干具有空间成因联系的亚单元组成的砂体组合;复合砂体具有级次性,每一级次复合砂体均是由次一级次的砂体及隔夹层共同组合而成;各级次复合砂体构型单元之间由界面所限定。探索了复合砂体构型表征基本方法及思路,提出了"轴变定界、样式定型、井点定面"的构型表征原则,确定了基于地震敏感属性表征复杂叠置河道带的三步法。以渤海Q油田为例,将本文的理论成果应用于剩余油预测和注采连通性分析中,实现了较好的挖潜效果,说明复合砂体构型理论可在一定程度上解决生产中面临的矛盾,从而支撑海上油田的高效开发需求。本文研究成果可为储层细分对比、开发层系划分、开发井位部署和井型选定提供依据。
Considering large well spacing in offshore oilfields development,traditional fine reservoir research thoughts from onshore oilfield,which focuses on well-seismic combination and well-based study,is not applicable on offshore oilfields.Therefore,the concept of fluvial compound sandbody is proposed.In this concept,compound sandbody is defined as sandbodies composed of several spatially genetically associated subunits within certain geologic period.Compound sandbody is hierarchical inside,where each level is composed of lower level sandbody and its interbeds,and compound sandbody unit boundaries of different levels are constrained by interfaces.Based on this concept,this paper explored the fundamental methods and approaches of characterizing compound sandbody,put forward the characterization principle of"axis-variation delimitation,pattern-fixing and well-point fixing",and determined three-step method for characterizing complex superimposed channels based on seismic sensitive attributes.Taking Bohai Q oilfield as an example,the theory is applied on residual oil prediction and injection-production connectivity analysis,which achieved better effects on tapping the potential oil.It demonstrates that this compound sandbody theory can somehow solve development challenges in oilfield production and provide support for the efficient development of offshore oilfield.The results in this paper can provide references for reservoir subdivision and comparison,development layer division,development well location deployment and well types selection.
Considering large well spacing in offshore oilfields development,traditional fine reservoir research thoughts from onshore oilfield,which focuses on well-seismic combination and well-based study,is not applicable on offshore oilfields.Therefore,the concept of fluvial compound sandbody is proposed.In this concept,compound sandbody is defined as sandbodies composed of several spatially genetically associated subunits within certain geologic period.Compound sandbody is hierarchical inside,where each level is composed of lower level sandbody and its interbeds,and compound sandbody unit boundaries of different levels are constrained by interfaces.Based on this concept,this paper explored the fundamental methods and approaches of characterizing compound sandbody,put forward the characterization principle of"axis-variation delimitation,pattern-fixing and well-point fixing",and determined three-step method for characterizing complex superimposed channels based on seismic sensitive attributes.Taking Bohai Q oilfield as an example,the theory is applied on residual oil prediction and injection-production connectivity analysis,which achieved better effects on tapping the potential oil.It demonstrates that this compound sandbody theory can somehow solve development challenges in oilfield production and provide support for the efficient development of offshore oilfield.The results in this paper can provide references for reservoir subdivision and comparison,development layer division,development well location deployment and well types selection.
引文
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[5]曾祥平.储集层构型研究在油田精细开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):483-489.ZENG Xiangping.Application of reservoir structure research in the fine exploitation of oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(4):483-489.
[6]赵伦,王进财,陈礼,等.砂体叠置结构及构型特征对水驱规律的影响:以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Kumkol油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):86-94.ZHAO Lun,WANG Jincai,CHEN Li,et al.Influences of sandstone superimposed structure and architecture on waterflooding mechanisms:a case study of Kumkol Oilfield in theSouth Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):86-94.
[7]李思田,李祯,孙永传,等.陕甘宁盆地河流砂体露头调查及地质知识库基础研究[R].中国油气储层研究成果报告,1994:60-69.LI Sitian,LI Zhen,SUN Yongchuan,et al.Fluvial sandstone outcrop survey and basic research of geological database in Shanganning Basin[R].Research Results Report of China Oil and Gas Reservoir,1994:60-69.
[8]王越,陈世悦.曲流河砂体构型及非均质性特征:以山西保德扒楼沟剖面二叠系曲流河砂体为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):209-218.WANG Yue,CHEN Shiyue.Meandering river sand body architecture and heterogeneity:a case study of Permian meandering river outcrop in Palougou,Baode,Shanxi province[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):209-218.
[9]刘超,赵春明,廖新武,等.海上油田大井距条件下曲流河储层内部构型精细解剖及应用分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(1):58-64.LIU Chao,ZHAO Chunming,LIAO Xinwu,et al.A refined anatomy of the internal structure of meandering river reservoirs under large well spacing in offshore oilfields and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(1):58-64.
[10]霍春亮,叶小明,高振南,等.储层内部小尺度构型单元界面等效表征方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):54-59.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.01.008.HUO Chunliang,YE Xiaoming,GAO Zhennan,et al.Equivalent characterization method of small scale reservoir configuration unit interface[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):54-59.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.01.008.
[11]汪巍,侯东梅,马佳国,等.海上油田高弯度曲流河储层构型表征:以渤海曹妃甸11-1油田主力砂体Lm943为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(4):55-62.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.04.009.WANG Wei,HOU Dongmei,MA Jiaguo,et al.Reservoir architecture of high sinuosity meandering river in offshore oilfields:a case study of Lm943 main sand body of CFD11-1 oilfield in Bohai sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(4):55-62.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.04.009.
[12]殷勇,朱大奎,MARTINI I P.探地雷达(GPR)在海南岛东北部海岸带调查中的应用[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):462-469.YIN Yong,ZHU Dakui,MARTINI I P.Application of groundpenetrating radar in coastal survey of northeastern Hainan island[J].Quantenary Sciences,2006,26(3):462-469.
[13]李宇鹏,吴胜和,岳大力.现代曲流河道宽度与点坝长度的定量关系[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):19-22.LI Yupeng,WU Shenghe,YUE Dali.Quantitative relation of the channel width and point-bar length of modern meandering river[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(6):19-22.
[14]周银邦,吴胜和,计秉玉,等.曲流河储层构型表征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):695-702.ZHOU Yinbang,WU Shenghe,JI Bingyu,et al.Research progress on the characterization of fluvial reservoir architecture[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(7):695-702.
[15]石书缘,胡素云,冯文杰,等.基于Google Earth软件建立曲流河地质知识库[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):869-878.SHI Shuyuan,HU Suyun,FENG Wenjie,et al.Building geological knowledge database based on Google earth software[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):869-878.
[16]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,YUAN Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.
[17]闫百泉,张鑫磊,于利民,等.基于岩心及密井网的点坝构型与剩余油分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):597-604.YAN Baiquan,ZHANG Xinlei,YU Limin,et al.Point bar configuration and residual oil analysis based on core and dense well pattern[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):597-604.
[18]LEOPOLD L B,WOLMAN M G.River meanders[J].GSA Bulletin,1960,71(6):769-793.
[19]FISH H N.Geological Investigation of the Alluvial Valley of the Lower Mississippi River[R].Vicksburg:Mississippi River Commission,1944:78.
[20]FISH H N.Fine grained alluvial deposits and their effects on Mississippi River activity[R].Vicksburg:Mississippi River Commission,1947:82.
[21]LEEDER M R.Fluviatile fining-upward cycles and the magnitude of paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110(3):265-276.
[22]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.基于复合砂体构型样式的河流相储层细分对比方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):12-18.HU Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Tingen,et al.Subdividing and comparing method of the fluvial facies reservoirs based on the compound sandbody architecture[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):12-18.
[23]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):586-592.HU Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Tingen,et al.Analysis of fluvial facies compound sandbody architecture of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation of S oilfield in the Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):586-592.
[24]胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到“地震构型相”:一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法[J].地质学报,2017,91(2):465-478.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,CHEN Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:characteristic method of a high-resolution fluvial facies model[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(2):465-478.
[2]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.YUE Dali,WU Shenghe,LIU Jianmin.An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in point bar of meandering river[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):99-103.
[3]马世忠,孙雨,范广娟,等.地下曲流河单砂体内部博夹层建筑结构研究方法[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):632-639.MA Shizhong,SUN Yu,FAN Guangjuan,et al.The method for studying thin interbed architecture of burial meandering channel sandbody[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):632-639.
[4]周新茂,高兴军,田昌炳,等.曲流河点坝内部构型要素的定量描述及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):421-426.ZHOU Xinmao,GAO Xingjun,TIAN Changbing,et al.Quantitative description of internal architecture in point bar of meandering river[J].Natural Gas Geosciense,2010,21(3):421-426.
[5]曾祥平.储集层构型研究在油田精细开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):483-489.ZENG Xiangping.Application of reservoir structure research in the fine exploitation of oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(4):483-489.
[6]赵伦,王进财,陈礼,等.砂体叠置结构及构型特征对水驱规律的影响:以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Kumkol油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):86-94.ZHAO Lun,WANG Jincai,CHEN Li,et al.Influences of sandstone superimposed structure and architecture on waterflooding mechanisms:a case study of Kumkol Oilfield in theSouth Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):86-94.
[7]李思田,李祯,孙永传,等.陕甘宁盆地河流砂体露头调查及地质知识库基础研究[R].中国油气储层研究成果报告,1994:60-69.LI Sitian,LI Zhen,SUN Yongchuan,et al.Fluvial sandstone outcrop survey and basic research of geological database in Shanganning Basin[R].Research Results Report of China Oil and Gas Reservoir,1994:60-69.
[8]王越,陈世悦.曲流河砂体构型及非均质性特征:以山西保德扒楼沟剖面二叠系曲流河砂体为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):209-218.WANG Yue,CHEN Shiyue.Meandering river sand body architecture and heterogeneity:a case study of Permian meandering river outcrop in Palougou,Baode,Shanxi province[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):209-218.
[9]刘超,赵春明,廖新武,等.海上油田大井距条件下曲流河储层内部构型精细解剖及应用分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(1):58-64.LIU Chao,ZHAO Chunming,LIAO Xinwu,et al.A refined anatomy of the internal structure of meandering river reservoirs under large well spacing in offshore oilfields and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(1):58-64.
[10]霍春亮,叶小明,高振南,等.储层内部小尺度构型单元界面等效表征方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):54-59.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.01.008.HUO Chunliang,YE Xiaoming,GAO Zhennan,et al.Equivalent characterization method of small scale reservoir configuration unit interface[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):54-59.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.01.008.
[11]汪巍,侯东梅,马佳国,等.海上油田高弯度曲流河储层构型表征:以渤海曹妃甸11-1油田主力砂体Lm943为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(4):55-62.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.04.009.WANG Wei,HOU Dongmei,MA Jiaguo,et al.Reservoir architecture of high sinuosity meandering river in offshore oilfields:a case study of Lm943 main sand body of CFD11-1 oilfield in Bohai sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(4):55-62.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.04.009.
[12]殷勇,朱大奎,MARTINI I P.探地雷达(GPR)在海南岛东北部海岸带调查中的应用[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):462-469.YIN Yong,ZHU Dakui,MARTINI I P.Application of groundpenetrating radar in coastal survey of northeastern Hainan island[J].Quantenary Sciences,2006,26(3):462-469.
[13]李宇鹏,吴胜和,岳大力.现代曲流河道宽度与点坝长度的定量关系[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):19-22.LI Yupeng,WU Shenghe,YUE Dali.Quantitative relation of the channel width and point-bar length of modern meandering river[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(6):19-22.
[14]周银邦,吴胜和,计秉玉,等.曲流河储层构型表征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):695-702.ZHOU Yinbang,WU Shenghe,JI Bingyu,et al.Research progress on the characterization of fluvial reservoir architecture[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(7):695-702.
[15]石书缘,胡素云,冯文杰,等.基于Google Earth软件建立曲流河地质知识库[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):869-878.SHI Shuyuan,HU Suyun,FENG Wenjie,et al.Building geological knowledge database based on Google earth software[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):869-878.
[16]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,YUAN Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.
[17]闫百泉,张鑫磊,于利民,等.基于岩心及密井网的点坝构型与剩余油分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):597-604.YAN Baiquan,ZHANG Xinlei,YU Limin,et al.Point bar configuration and residual oil analysis based on core and dense well pattern[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):597-604.
[18]LEOPOLD L B,WOLMAN M G.River meanders[J].GSA Bulletin,1960,71(6):769-793.
[19]FISH H N.Geological Investigation of the Alluvial Valley of the Lower Mississippi River[R].Vicksburg:Mississippi River Commission,1944:78.
[20]FISH H N.Fine grained alluvial deposits and their effects on Mississippi River activity[R].Vicksburg:Mississippi River Commission,1947:82.
[21]LEEDER M R.Fluviatile fining-upward cycles and the magnitude of paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110(3):265-276.
[22]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.基于复合砂体构型样式的河流相储层细分对比方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):12-18.HU Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Tingen,et al.Subdividing and comparing method of the fluvial facies reservoirs based on the compound sandbody architecture[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):12-18.
[23]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):586-592.HU Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Tingen,et al.Analysis of fluvial facies compound sandbody architecture of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation of S oilfield in the Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):586-592.
[24]胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到“地震构型相”:一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法[J].地质学报,2017,91(2):465-478.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,CHEN Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:characteristic method of a high-resolution fluvial facies model[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(2):465-478.