海南岛海砂资源的分类特征及成矿特点分析
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摘要
海南岛海砂资源丰富,质量较好,储量位居全国前列,其中钛铁矿、锆英石和独居石是海南岛的优势滨海砂矿资源。根据其用途主要分为3类:锆钛砂矿、石英砂矿和建筑用砂矿。通过资料收集和整理,分别研究了海南岛不同类型海砂资源的分布范围、勘查程度、资源储量、形成环境和资源潜力等。研究结果表明:锆钛砂矿开发程度最高,主要分布于琼东沿海及水下阶地一带的全新统,规模较大,品位较高,开发条件较好;琼西则以建筑用砂矿和石英砂矿为主,海砂质量好,杂质含量较低;位于浅海区的潮流沙脊和河口三角洲,工作程度不高,但其海砂分布广、厚度大、砂质好,是今后海砂勘查的重点区域,具有良好的资源开发前景。总结海南岛海砂资源的主要成矿特点为:(1)分布广泛,规模巨大,开发条件好;(2)主要产于全新世地层;(3)沉积厚度较大,纵向连续性好;(4)海砂质量较好,并富含重矿物。
The sea sand resources in Hainan Island are rich with good quality,and the reserves are at the forefront of the whole country. The ilmenite,zircon and monazite are superion sea sand resources in Hainan Island. According to utilization,the sea sand resources can be mainly divided into three types: zircon-titanium placer,quartz placer and building placer. Based on data collection and sorting,the author discussed the distribution,exploration level,resource reserve,sedimentary environment and resource potential of the different types of sea sand resources. The results show that the highly explored zircon-titanium placer is mainly distributed in the Holocene strata of coastal areas and submarine terraces in Eastern Hainan,with big scale,high grade and good development condition. The quartz placer and building placer predominate in Western Hainan with good quality and low impurity content. The exploration degree is not great due to tidal sand ridge and estuarine delta in the shallow marine area,but prospect of the sea sand resources is quite good because of wide distribution,large thickness and good sand quality,indicating that these areas are the most favorable areas for exploration in the future. The metallogenic characteristics of sea sand resources in Hainan Island are as follows:(1)wide distribution,huge scale and good development condition;(2)main occurrence in Holocene strata;(3)large sedimentary thickness and good longitudinal continuity;(4)good sand quality with rich heavy minerals.
The sea sand resources in Hainan Island are rich with good quality,and the reserves are at the forefront of the whole country. The ilmenite,zircon and monazite are superion sea sand resources in Hainan Island. According to utilization,the sea sand resources can be mainly divided into three types: zircon-titanium placer,quartz placer and building placer. Based on data collection and sorting,the author discussed the distribution,exploration level,resource reserve,sedimentary environment and resource potential of the different types of sea sand resources. The results show that the highly explored zircon-titanium placer is mainly distributed in the Holocene strata of coastal areas and submarine terraces in Eastern Hainan,with big scale,high grade and good development condition. The quartz placer and building placer predominate in Western Hainan with good quality and low impurity content. The exploration degree is not great due to tidal sand ridge and estuarine delta in the shallow marine area,but prospect of the sea sand resources is quite good because of wide distribution,large thickness and good sand quality,indicating that these areas are the most favorable areas for exploration in the future. The metallogenic characteristics of sea sand resources in Hainan Island are as follows:(1)wide distribution,huge scale and good development condition;(2)main occurrence in Holocene strata;(3)large sedimentary thickness and good longitudinal continuity;(4)good sand quality with rich heavy minerals.
引文
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[4]林明坤,林川善,潘燕俊,等.海南省东部浅海锆钛砂矿物特征及成矿条件浅析[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(11):141-143.
[5]谭启新,孙岩.中国滨海砂矿[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:8-40.
[6]陈飞,张匡华,傅人康,等.海南岛东部陵水—文昌近浅海锆钛砂矿资源预查—普查报告[R].海口:海南省海洋地质调查研究院,2014:34-52.
[7]仝长亮,陈飞,傅人康,等.海南岛北部海砂资源调查评价报告[R].海口:海南省海洋地质调查研究院,2016:88-94.
[8]陈哲培.海南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:96-104.
[9]潘燕俊,侯建强,江明贵,等.海南省万宁市保定海矿区锆钛砂矿详查报告[R].海口:海南省海洋地质调查局,2008:9-15.
[10]曹雪晴,谭启新,张勇,等.中国近海建筑砂矿床特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2007,26(2):164-170.
[11]孙岩,韩昌甫.我国滨海砂矿资源的分布及开发[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(1):117-122.
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