海南岛东北部海域海砂资源分布特征及开发前景分析
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摘要
海南岛东北部海砂资源丰富,主要分布在琼州海峡东口、南渡江口、铺前湾等海域,均为全新世以来的砂砾质沉积。其中位于琼州海峡东口的潮流沙脊区海砂规模最大,连续性好,面积数百平方千米,平均厚度20～30m,最大可达67m,为东西往复潮流所塑造,赋存水深5～20m,资源潜力概算可达几十亿立方米。海砂粒级主要为细砂～中砂,分选良好,平均含泥量为0.7%,岩性变化不大,易于采选。海砂各项物理性能指标优良,是建筑用砂的良好选择,SiO_2含量超过90%,其他杂质含量低,砂质纯度较高,结构松散,是良好的铸造、水泥、玻璃的硅质原料,其重矿物成分也可以进行综合利用。通过综合评价,琼州海峡东口浅滩区开发前景为A级和B级,面积约占研究区的1/3,是今后海砂开发的首选区;南渡江口至白沙浅滩开发前景为B级,良好,但开发环境风险较大,开发应谨慎;其他区域开发前景欠佳或不明朗,有待于进一步研究。
Around northeast sea of Hainan island,marine sand resources are rich,which have been deposited since Holocene,mainly distributed in the east mouth of Qiongzhou strait,Nandujiang river mouth,Puqian bay et al.Near the eastmouth of Qiongzhou strait,there is a large scale of marine sand resources with good continuity just on the tidal ridge regions with the area of hundreds square kilometers and the average thickness of 20-30 m,the largest up to 67 m,which are shaped by the powerful reciprocating tidal current of east-west direction.The marine sand resources are deposited at 5-20 m below sea level and the resource potential can reach to billions of cubic meters.Sea sand fraction is mainly for the fine sand and medium sand,good separation,and the average silt content is 0.7%.Lithological change is not big,easy to selecting.Sea sand physical performance is quite good,so the sea sands can be a good option for engineering construction.With more than 90% SiO_2 content and other low content of impurities,the marine sand can be used for casting,cement,glass and siliceous raw material,because the sands have a higher purity and loose structure.Further,the heavy mineral composition can also make a comprehensive utilization.Through comprehensiveevaluation,there are development prospects for class A and class B in the east mouth of Qiongzhou strait shoal area,with one third area of the research region,which is first option of marine sand development.The development prospect for class B is still good between the Nandujiang river mouth and the Baisha shoal,but the development environment risk is much bigger,where the marine sand development should be more cautious.Further geological investigation needs to be taken in other study regions because the development prospects are not quite good or unclear.
Around northeast sea of Hainan island,marine sand resources are rich,which have been deposited since Holocene,mainly distributed in the east mouth of Qiongzhou strait,Nandujiang river mouth,Puqian bay et al.Near the eastmouth of Qiongzhou strait,there is a large scale of marine sand resources with good continuity just on the tidal ridge regions with the area of hundreds square kilometers and the average thickness of 20-30 m,the largest up to 67 m,which are shaped by the powerful reciprocating tidal current of east-west direction.The marine sand resources are deposited at 5-20 m below sea level and the resource potential can reach to billions of cubic meters.Sea sand fraction is mainly for the fine sand and medium sand,good separation,and the average silt content is 0.7%.Lithological change is not big,easy to selecting.Sea sand physical performance is quite good,so the sea sands can be a good option for engineering construction.With more than 90% SiO_2 content and other low content of impurities,the marine sand can be used for casting,cement,glass and siliceous raw material,because the sands have a higher purity and loose structure.Further,the heavy mineral composition can also make a comprehensive utilization.Through comprehensiveevaluation,there are development prospects for class A and class B in the east mouth of Qiongzhou strait shoal area,with one third area of the research region,which is first option of marine sand development.The development prospect for class B is still good between the Nandujiang river mouth and the Baisha shoal,but the development environment risk is much bigger,where the marine sand development should be more cautious.Further geological investigation needs to be taken in other study regions because the development prospects are not quite good or unclear.
引文
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[10]陈亮,张玉芬,李团结,等.琼州海峡及周边海域沉积环境及近万年以来沉积演化[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(6):696-704.CHEN Liang,ZHANG Yufen,LI Tuanjie,et al.Sedimentary environment and its evolution of Qiongzhou strait and nearby seas since last ten thousand years[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(6):696-704.
[11]陈海洲,王宝灿,谢琳.海口白沙浅滩的形成与演变[J].海岸工程,2011,30(4):37-45.CHEN Haizhou,WANG Baocan,XIE Lin.Formation and evolution of the Baisha shoal in Haikou[J].Coastal Engineering,2011,30(4):37-45.
[12]邵厥年,陶维屏.矿产资源工业要求手册[M].第1版.北京:地质出版社,2010:563-585.
[13]谭启新,孙岩.中国滨海砂矿[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,1988:133-143.
[14]曹雪晴.荷兰海砂资源的开发与管理[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(12):21-25.CAO Xueqing.Development and management of marine sand resources in Holland[J].Marine Geology Letters,2007,23(12):21-25.
[2]王圣洁,刘锡清,戴勤奋,等.中国海砂资源分布特征及找矿方向[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(3):83-89.WANG Shengjie,LIU Xiqing,DAI Qinfen,et al.Distribution characteristics of marine aggregate resources and potential prospect in China[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2003,23(3):83-89.
[3]孙岩,韩昌甫.我国滨海砂矿资源分布及开发[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(1):117-121.SUN Yan,HAN Changfu.Distribution and exploitation of placer deposit resources in China[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1999,19(1):117-121.
[4]曹雪晴,谭启新,张勇,等.中国近海建筑砂矿床特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2007,26(2):164-170.CAO Xueqing,TAN Qixin,ZHANG Yong,et al.Characteristics of construction marine sand deposits in offshore area of China[J].Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,2007,26(2):164-170.
[5]张虎男,陈伟光.琼州海峡成因初探[J].海洋学报,1987,9(5):594-602.ZHANG Hunan,CHEN Weiguang.Preliminary discussion of Qiongzhou strait formation[J].Acta Oceanolgica Sinica,1987,9(5):594-602.
[6]李占海,柯贤坤,王倩,等.琼州海峡水沙输运特征研究[J].地理研究,2003,22(2):151-159.LI Zhanhai,KE Xiankun,WANG Qian,et al.Characteristics of water and sediment transport in the Qiongzhou strait[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(2):151-159.
[7]李占海,柯贤坤.琼州海峡潮流沉积物通量初步研究[J].海洋通报,2000,19(6):42-49.LI Zhanhai,KE Xiankun.Prelimary study on tidally-induced sediment fluxes of Qiongzhou strait[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2000,19(6):42-49.
[8]陈达森,陈波,严金辉,等.琼州海峡余流场季节性变化特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006(2):12-17.CHEN Dasen,CHEN Bo,YAN Jinhui,et al.The seasonal variation characteristics of redidual currents in the Qiongzhou strait[J].Transcantions of Oceanology and Limnology,2006(2):12-17.
[9]刘振夏,夏东兴,王揆洋.中国陆架潮流沉积体系和模式[J].海洋与湖沼,1998,29(2):141-147.LIU Zhenxia,XIA Dongxing,WANG Kuiyang.Tidal depositional systems and patterns of China's continental shelf[J].Oceanologia ET Limnologia Sinica,1998,29(2):141-147.
[10]陈亮,张玉芬,李团结,等.琼州海峡及周边海域沉积环境及近万年以来沉积演化[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(6):696-704.CHEN Liang,ZHANG Yufen,LI Tuanjie,et al.Sedimentary environment and its evolution of Qiongzhou strait and nearby seas since last ten thousand years[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(6):696-704.
[11]陈海洲,王宝灿,谢琳.海口白沙浅滩的形成与演变[J].海岸工程,2011,30(4):37-45.CHEN Haizhou,WANG Baocan,XIE Lin.Formation and evolution of the Baisha shoal in Haikou[J].Coastal Engineering,2011,30(4):37-45.
[12]邵厥年,陶维屏.矿产资源工业要求手册[M].第1版.北京:地质出版社,2010:563-585.
[13]谭启新,孙岩.中国滨海砂矿[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,1988:133-143.
[14]曹雪晴.荷兰海砂资源的开发与管理[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(12):21-25.CAO Xueqing.Development and management of marine sand resources in Holland[J].Marine Geology Letters,2007,23(12):21-25.