基于科学的企业演化的理论模型
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摘要
大学和科研院所的科学研究对国家科技创新能力提升起到了战略性作用,相关创新成果的商业转化是实现国家重大科技战略的保障,其中"基于科学的企业"是大学和科研院所成果转化的重要载体。首次以扎根理论为研究方法,通过对"基于科学的企业"的多案例研究,发现该类企业演化的理论模型,由10项核心范畴构成,覆盖了科学研究成果的原型研发阶段、工程化阶段、商业化初始阶段和商业化发展阶段。所形成的理论研究丰富了"基于科学的企业"的知识体系;揭示了科学家团队在科技成果转化中的重要作用;为政府、院所及大学制定科技成果转化政策提供了新的依据。
Scientific research from universities and public research institutes(PRIs) played a strategic role in improving the innovation capacity of a nation's science and technology. The adoption of this particular type of innovation has been the guarantee to realize the major national science and technology strategy, among which, science-based firms acts as important carriers for the S&T adoption process. This paper employs multiple case studies on science-based firms through grounded theory approach and explores a theoretical model consisting of 10 main categories covering four developmental phases: archetypal development, industrialization, commercialization and commercial expansion for the science-based firms' evolution. The theoretical research in this paper enriches the knowledge system of "science-based firms", reflects on the significant role scientists' research group played during the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements, and provides a theoretical basis for policy implication on government, public research institutions and universities' transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Scientific research from universities and public research institutes(PRIs) played a strategic role in improving the innovation capacity of a nation's science and technology. The adoption of this particular type of innovation has been the guarantee to realize the major national science and technology strategy, among which, science-based firms acts as important carriers for the S&T adoption process. This paper employs multiple case studies on science-based firms through grounded theory approach and explores a theoretical model consisting of 10 main categories covering four developmental phases: archetypal development, industrialization, commercialization and commercial expansion for the science-based firms' evolution. The theoretical research in this paper enriches the knowledge system of "science-based firms", reflects on the significant role scientists' research group played during the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements, and provides a theoretical basis for policy implication on government, public research institutions and universities' transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
引文
[1] 刘文.大学科研成果向企业转化及合作模式探究[J].中国科教创新导刊,2008,(1):25,27.
[2] 张庆芝,段勇倩,雷家骕.基于科学的创新研究——以诺贝尔奖科学成果到商业产品为例[J].科学学研究,2015,(12):1770-1778.
[3] 张鹏,雷家骕.基于科学的创新与产业:相关概念探究与典型产业识别[J].科学学研究,2015,(9):1313-1323.
[4] Knockaert M,Ucbasaran D,Wright M,et al.The relationship between knowledge transfer,top management team composition,and performance:The case of science-based entrepreneurial firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(4):777-803.
[5] Rasmussen E,Wright M.How can universities facilitate academic spin-offs?An entrepreneurial competency perspective[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2015,40(5):782-799.
[6] Colombo M,Mustar P,Wright M.Dynamics of science-based entrepreneurship[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2010,35(1):1-15.
[7] Lubik S,Garnsey E.Early business model evolution in science-based ventures:The case of advanced materials[J].Long Range Planning,2016,49(3):393-408.
[8] Villani E,Linder C,Grimaldi R.Effectuation and causation in science-based new venture creation:A configurational approach[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,83:173-185.
[9] Baptista R,Swann G M P.A comparison of clustering dynamics in the US and UK computer industries[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999,9(3):373-399.
[10] Cardinal L B,Alessandri T M,Turner S F.Knowledge codifiability,resources,and science-based innovation[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2001,5(2):195-204.
[11] Wright M,Lockett A,Clarysse B,et al.University spin-out companies and venture capital[J].Research Policy,2006,35(4):481-501.
[12] Fleming L.Recombinant uncertainty in technological search[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):117-132.
[13] Kotha R,George G,Srikanth K.Bridging the mutual knowledge gap:Coordination and the commercialization of university science[J].Academy of Management Journal,2013,56(2):498-524.
[14] Rickne A.Connectivity and performance of science-based firms[J].Small Business Economics,2006,26(4):393-407.
[15] Miozzo M,Divito L.Growing fast or slow?Understanding the variety of paths and the speed of early growth of entrepreneurial science-based firms[J].Research Policy,2016,45(5):964-986.
[16] Henrekson M,Rosenberg N.Designing efficient institutions for science-based entrepreneurship:Lesson from the US and Sweden[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(3):207-231.
[17] Miozzo M,Divito L,Desyllas P.When do acquirers invest in the R&D assets of acquired science-based firms in cross-border acquisitions?The role of technology and capabilities similarity and complementarity[J].Long Range planning,2016,49(2):221-240.
[18] Etzkowitz H.MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M].London and New York:Routledge,2002.
[19] Gambardella A,Torrisi S.The economic value of knowledge and inter-firm technological linkages:An investigation of science-based firms[R].Dynamo TSER Project (contract no.SOE1-CT97-1078),2000.
[20] Corbin J,Strauss A.Basics of Qualitative Research:Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded theory[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage Publications,2008.
[21] Kalateh A S,Tabei S Z,Ebrahimzade N,et al.The paradigm model of distorted doctor-patient relationship in Southern Iran:A grounded theory study[J].Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine,2016,9:2.
[22] 吴金希.从“带土移植”到创建创新生态体系——基于同方威视的探索式案例研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(4):66-75.
[23] 姚志坚,姚婕.赶超型国家的成长型技术跨越——浙大中控的技术跨越案例研究[J].科学学研究,2009,21:120-127.
[24] 付向核.曙光高性能计算机的创新历程与启示[J].工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程,2009,1(3):282-291.
[25] 陈康华,张福勤,袁铁锤,等.敢于攻克世界航空材料技术高地——中南大学炭/炭复合材料研究纪实[J].国防科技工业,2006,(11):40-41.
[2] 张庆芝,段勇倩,雷家骕.基于科学的创新研究——以诺贝尔奖科学成果到商业产品为例[J].科学学研究,2015,(12):1770-1778.
[3] 张鹏,雷家骕.基于科学的创新与产业:相关概念探究与典型产业识别[J].科学学研究,2015,(9):1313-1323.
[4] Knockaert M,Ucbasaran D,Wright M,et al.The relationship between knowledge transfer,top management team composition,and performance:The case of science-based entrepreneurial firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(4):777-803.
[5] Rasmussen E,Wright M.How can universities facilitate academic spin-offs?An entrepreneurial competency perspective[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2015,40(5):782-799.
[6] Colombo M,Mustar P,Wright M.Dynamics of science-based entrepreneurship[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2010,35(1):1-15.
[7] Lubik S,Garnsey E.Early business model evolution in science-based ventures:The case of advanced materials[J].Long Range Planning,2016,49(3):393-408.
[8] Villani E,Linder C,Grimaldi R.Effectuation and causation in science-based new venture creation:A configurational approach[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,83:173-185.
[9] Baptista R,Swann G M P.A comparison of clustering dynamics in the US and UK computer industries[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999,9(3):373-399.
[10] Cardinal L B,Alessandri T M,Turner S F.Knowledge codifiability,resources,and science-based innovation[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2001,5(2):195-204.
[11] Wright M,Lockett A,Clarysse B,et al.University spin-out companies and venture capital[J].Research Policy,2006,35(4):481-501.
[12] Fleming L.Recombinant uncertainty in technological search[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):117-132.
[13] Kotha R,George G,Srikanth K.Bridging the mutual knowledge gap:Coordination and the commercialization of university science[J].Academy of Management Journal,2013,56(2):498-524.
[14] Rickne A.Connectivity and performance of science-based firms[J].Small Business Economics,2006,26(4):393-407.
[15] Miozzo M,Divito L.Growing fast or slow?Understanding the variety of paths and the speed of early growth of entrepreneurial science-based firms[J].Research Policy,2016,45(5):964-986.
[16] Henrekson M,Rosenberg N.Designing efficient institutions for science-based entrepreneurship:Lesson from the US and Sweden[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(3):207-231.
[17] Miozzo M,Divito L,Desyllas P.When do acquirers invest in the R&D assets of acquired science-based firms in cross-border acquisitions?The role of technology and capabilities similarity and complementarity[J].Long Range planning,2016,49(2):221-240.
[18] Etzkowitz H.MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M].London and New York:Routledge,2002.
[19] Gambardella A,Torrisi S.The economic value of knowledge and inter-firm technological linkages:An investigation of science-based firms[R].Dynamo TSER Project (contract no.SOE1-CT97-1078),2000.
[20] Corbin J,Strauss A.Basics of Qualitative Research:Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded theory[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage Publications,2008.
[21] Kalateh A S,Tabei S Z,Ebrahimzade N,et al.The paradigm model of distorted doctor-patient relationship in Southern Iran:A grounded theory study[J].Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine,2016,9:2.
[22] 吴金希.从“带土移植”到创建创新生态体系——基于同方威视的探索式案例研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(4):66-75.
[23] 姚志坚,姚婕.赶超型国家的成长型技术跨越——浙大中控的技术跨越案例研究[J].科学学研究,2009,21:120-127.
[24] 付向核.曙光高性能计算机的创新历程与启示[J].工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程,2009,1(3):282-291.
[25] 陈康华,张福勤,袁铁锤,等.敢于攻克世界航空材料技术高地——中南大学炭/炭复合材料研究纪实[J].国防科技工业,2006,(11):40-41.