我国森林生态安全认知度分析——基于728位县域林业管理人员问卷调查
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摘要
利用实地调研与网络问卷的方法,访谈了东、中、西部五省728位县域林业管理人员,分析不同区域林业管理人员对森林生态安全状态及安全压力的认知和对保护森林生态安全存在问题及成因的认知。分析结果表明,东、中、西部林业管理人员在森林生态系统服务功能变动趋势的认知方面,对森林的供给与调节服务功能变化的认知有显著差异(P<0.05),且在森林生态安全的压力来源的最大驱动因素中对不合理利用方式的认知差异显著(P<0.05);关于保护森林生态安全过程中存在问题的认知,对森林资源的经营水平方面有显著差异(P<0.05)。森林生态安全保护体系不完善、公众对森林价值的认知偏差等6个方面是导致保护森林过程中存在问题的主导因素。
The survey was conducted by field investigation and network questionnaire among 728 forestry managers from 5 provinces in western, central and eastern China to analyze their cognition on forest ecological security status and pressure, and their cognition on problems of protecting forest ecological security. The results showed that forestry managers in different regions had significant differences in cognition on the changes of forest ecosystem services in supply and regulation function(P<0.05), on unreasonable utilization patterns which was the the biggest pressure of forest ecological security(P<0.05), and on forest resources management level for the problems of forest ecological security conservation( P <0. 05). The six main reasons,including the imperfect system of forest ecological security and the cognitive bias of the public for forest value,resulted in the problems of forest ecological security conservation.
The survey was conducted by field investigation and network questionnaire among 728 forestry managers from 5 provinces in western, central and eastern China to analyze their cognition on forest ecological security status and pressure, and their cognition on problems of protecting forest ecological security. The results showed that forestry managers in different regions had significant differences in cognition on the changes of forest ecosystem services in supply and regulation function(P<0.05), on unreasonable utilization patterns which was the the biggest pressure of forest ecological security(P<0.05), and on forest resources management level for the problems of forest ecological security conservation( P <0. 05). The six main reasons,including the imperfect system of forest ecological security and the cognitive bias of the public for forest value,resulted in the problems of forest ecological security conservation.
引文
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[2] 于贵瑞.人类活动与生态系统变化的前沿科学问题[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:468-469.
[3] MA(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment).Ecosystem and Hmnan Well-being[M].Washington DC:Island Press,2005.
[4] IPCC.Land-use,Land-use change and Forestry:A special report of the IPCC[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000.
[5] WANG B,LU S W,LI H J,et al.Observation Methodology for Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research[M].Beijing:State Forestry Administration,2011:1-133.
[6] OSZLáNYI J.Forest health and environmental pollution in slovakia[J].Environmental Pollution,1997,98(3):389-392.
[7] 傅伯杰.生态系统服务与生态安全[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:1-6.
[8] 张永民.生态系统与人类福祉:评估框架[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:57-60.
[9] 李文华,张彪,谢高地.国内生态系统服务研究的回顾与展望[J].自然资源学报,2009(1):1-10.
[10] ZHANG Y,HOLZAFEL C,YUAN X.Scale-dependent Ecosystem Service//Steve Wratten,Harpinder Sandhu,Ross Cullen,et al.Ecosystem Services in Agricultural and Urban Landscapes[M].NewYork:John Wiley&Sons,2013.
[11] 傅伯杰,周国逸,白云飞,等.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全[J].地球科学进展,2009,4(6):571-576.
[12] VITOUSEK P M,MOONEY H A,LUBCHENCO J,et al.Human Domination of Earth,s Ecosystems[J].science,1997,277(5325):494-499.
[13] CHAN K M A,GUERRY A D,BALVANERA P,et al.Where are culture and social in ecosystem servies A framwork for constructive engagement[J].BioScience,2012,62(8):744-756.
[14] 高虹,欧阳志云,郑华.居民对文化林生态系统服务功能的认知与态度[J].生态学报,2013(33):756-763.
[15] 国家能源局、财政部、农业部联合召开全国农村能源工作会议[EB/OL].http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gzdt/t20110726—424889.htm,2011-07-11/2013-10-15.
[16] 韩锋,王昌海,侯一蕾,等.自然保护区周边社区薪柴消费影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):0971-0978.
[17] 张跃西,孔栋宝.异地开发生态补偿“金磐经验”探讨[J].浙江学刊,2005(4):223-225.
[18] 李双成.生态系统服务地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:100.
[19] 杨光梅,李文华,闵庆文.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展——国外学者观点[J].生态学报,2006(8):206.
[20] 丁士军,马志雄,张银银.农户参与水土保持项目的满意度分析——以云贵渝小流域治理世界银行项目为例[J].农业技术经济,2012(3):28-36.
[21] 李周.生态环境治理政策评价[J].绿色中国,200l(8):14-17.
[22] 刘金龙,孙程艳,徐飞.参与式林业政策过程方法——一个新的林业政策形成路径[J].林业经济,2011(2):82-86.
[23] 陈娟,李维长,李子轩,等.林农乡土技术对农户家庭年收入及森林保护意识的影响[J].广东农业科学,2009(7):224-227.
[24] FOLEY J A,DEFRIES R,ASNER G P,et al.Global consequences of land use[J].science,2005,309(5734):570-574.
[25] LANDELL-MILLS N,PORRAS I T.Silver bullet or fool,s gold A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their inpact on the poor[J].A Research Prepared by the International Institute for Environment and Development(IIED)[M].London,2002:1-18.