测量固体材料泊松比和杨氏模量的新方法
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摘要
介绍了一种测量固体材料的泊松比和杨氏模量的新方法。该方法根据声波在两种介质界面上发生折射和反射时的波形转换,由斯涅尔定律测出纵波声速和横波声速,利用固体材料的泊松比与纵波声速、横波声速及杨氏模量的关系,测得固体的泊松比和杨氏模量。通过示波器观测,现象直观,过程清楚,内容充实,注重操作,能调动学生的积极性,提高学生对实验的兴趣,启发创新思维。
A new method for measuring Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of solid materials is introduced. According to the waveform transformation of refraction and reflection of sound waves at the interface of two media, the velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves is measured by Snell's law. The Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of solid materials are measured by using the relationship between the Poisson's ratio of solid materials and the longitudinal wave sound velocity, transverse wave sound velocity and Young's modulus. Through the oscilloscope observation, the phenomenon is intuitive, the process is clear, the content is substantial, and the operation is emphasized. It can arouse the students' enthusiasm, improve their interest in experiments and inspire their innovative thinking.
A new method for measuring Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of solid materials is introduced. According to the waveform transformation of refraction and reflection of sound waves at the interface of two media, the velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves is measured by Snell's law. The Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of solid materials are measured by using the relationship between the Poisson's ratio of solid materials and the longitudinal wave sound velocity, transverse wave sound velocity and Young's modulus. Through the oscilloscope observation, the phenomenon is intuitive, the process is clear, the content is substantial, and the operation is emphasized. It can arouse the students' enthusiasm, improve their interest in experiments and inspire their innovative thinking.
引文
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[3] 郭启凯,郭敏强,李超,等.超声相位差法测量杨氏模量[J].实验技术与管理,2013,30(2):41-43
[4] 邸江磊.用数字激光全息实验装置测量泊松比[J].物理实验,2013(10):1-4.
[5] 何辉.焊接残余应力超声波检测装置的研制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[6] 郭启凯,郭敏强,李超,等.超声相位差法测量杨氏模量[J].实验技术与管理,2013,30(2):41-43.
[7] 李长胜,冯丽爽.关注电磁学相关物理效应的教学[J].电气电子教学报,2015(1):18-20.
[8] 刘凡.基于传播声时的LCR波切向应力测量系统实验研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006.
[9] 黄垚.材料弹性常数超声测量法实验研究与专用探头研制[D].北京:北京工业大学,2007.
[10] 常青龙.基于ARM平台的超声波自动探伤硬件系统的研制[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[11] 于文勇.基于超声波原木内部孔洞缺陷定量检测[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[12] TREACY M M J,EBBESEN T W,GIBSON J M.Exceptionally high Young’s modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes[J].Nature,1996,381(6584):678-680.
[13] 李磊,王斌.超声波在厚壁环/筒形锻件内壁径向缺陷检测中的应用[J].甘肃科技纵横,2013(4):46-48.
[14] 西拉德·J.超声检测新技术[M].陈积懋,余南廷,译.北京:科学出版社,1991.